Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Conduct Disorder”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Potential mediators of cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescents with comorbid major depression and conduct disorder.

Several possible mediators of a group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depressed adolescents were examined. Six measures specific to CBT (e.g., negative cognitions, engagement in pleasurable activities) and 2 nonspecific measures (therapeutic alliance, group cohesion) were examined in 93 adolescents with comorbid major depressive disorder and conduct disorder who were randomly assigned to the Adolescent Coping With Depression (CWD-A) course or a life skills control condition. Change on the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (S. D. Hollon & P. C. Kendall, 1980) appeared to mediate treatment effects on depressive symptoms. Therapeutic alliance by the 3rd session was higher among the CWD-A participants but did not predict reductions in depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that reducing negative thinking may be the primary mechanism through which the CWD-A intervention reduces depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological findings in conduct disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological evaluations were performed in a pilot study of adolescents with DSM-III-R disruptive behavior disorders, including conduct disorder (CD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The following comparisons were made: 1) CD comorbid with ADHD vs. CD only; 2) all subjects with ADHD vs. all non-ADHD; and 3) all subjects with CD vs. all non-CD. The CD + ADHD group had increased left-sided soft signs compared with the CD group. CD + ADHD subjects significantly underperformed CD subjects on several executive functioning measures, with no differences on Verbal IQ subtests. Results are discrepant with previous findings of deficient verbal functioning in delinquent populations. However, findings may not be generalizable because of sampling limitations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Gene-environment interplay in oppositional defiant and conduct disorder.

Oppositional defiant and conduct disorder is a disturbance in behavior that is characterized by aggressive and antisocial acts. At present, genetic research on conduct disorder has raised more questions than it has answered, and basic questions such as the heritability of childhood antisocial behavior cannot yet be answered with certainty. Current research, however, has consistently highlighted the importance of gene-environment interplay in antisocial behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Pathways to maladaptive parenting with mothers and their conduct disordered children.

Maladaptive parenting with conduct disordered children appears to involve two social interaction traps called compliance and inconsistency. A mother's participation in these traps is thought to be influenced by her child, by the quality of the mother's life, and by her perceptions of child behavior. This study was an attempt to assess these influences and to examine their correlations with maternal trap participation. To do so, 33 clinic-referred conduct disordered children and their mothers were evaluated through direct observation, maternal self-reports, and maternal observations of home videotapes depicting mother and child. The data were then analyzed as correlational paths among trap measures and measures of the suspected influences. Results showed the two traps to be distinctly different processes, and inconsistency appeared to represent a more complex process than did compliance. Discussion of the findings centered on problems in maternal care of conduct disordered children and prospects for clinical interventions with these mother-child dyads.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) is associated with alcoholism with conduct disorder.

This study examined whether there is evidence for an association between alcoholism with conduct disorder and alleles of the TaqI A and TaqI B polymorphisms, both individually and as haplotypes, at the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2). We studied 182 Han Chinese subjects, including 34 alcoholics with conduct disorder, 63 alcoholics without conduct disorder, and 85 nonalcoholics. Alcohol dependence and conduct disorder were defined according to DSM-III-R criteria. Significant associations were observed between TaqI A and TaqI B at the DRD2 locus, tested individually and as haplotypes, and alcoholism with conduct disorder. Our results suggested that DRD2 might be associated with conduct disorder or a predisposition to both conduct disorder and alcoholism. However, this needs to be further investigated by examining the differences among conduct disorder with alcoholism, conduct disorder only, and controls for the TaqI A and B system at DRD2.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Heart conduction disorders in long-term treatment with chloroquine. Two new cases].

Cardiac complications are exceptional in long-term chloroquine therapy; congestive heart failure and restrictive cardiomyopathy may develop, but disorders of conduction are more frequent. The characteristics of these disorders emerge from 12 cases in the literature and from 2 personal cases. The usual disorder is fascicular block which may become a complete, syncopal, atrioventricular block, as in one of our 2 patients. The time elapsed between the beginning of treatment and the occurrence of these disorders (2 to 30 years) and the total dose of chloroquine received (100 to 2,500 g) are extremely variable. Retinopathy or neuromyopathy is present in 64 and 35 percent of the cases respectively. The diagnosis is confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy with electron microscopic study which shows vaculoar myopathy with numerous large secondary lysosomes containing a dense material of lamellar structure (myelinic figures, curvilinear bodies). Regression of heart conduction disorders after withdrawal of chloroquine seems to be inconstant and incomplete. The rare occurrence of this complication raises the question of genetic predisposition. We believe that chloroquine therapy should be contra-indicated in patients with a history of conduction disorders and that a 6-monthly electrocardiographic control of these patients would be justified.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2001

Family and parenting interventions in children and adolescents with conduct disorder and delinquency aged 10-17.

BACKGROUND: Conduct disorder and delinquency are significant problems for children and adolescents and their families, with the potential to consume much of the resources of the health, social care and juvenile justice systems. A number of family and parenting interventions have been recommended and are used for these conditions. The aim of this review was to determine if these interventions are effective in the management of conduct disorder and delinquency in children and adolescents, aged 10-17. OBJECTIVES: To determine if family and parenting interventions improve the child/adolescent's behaviour; parenting and parental mental health; family functioning and relations; and have an effect on the long term psychosocial outcomes for the child/adolescent. SEARCH STRATEGY: Randomised controlled trials were identified through searching the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register (CCTR), databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Sociofile, ERIC, Healthstar), reference lists of articles and contact with authors. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials with a major focus on parenting and/or family functioning were eligible for inclusion in the review. Trials needed to include at least one objective outcome measure (e.g. arrest rates) or have used a measure that had been published in peer review publications and validated for the relevant purpose. Studies were required to have a control group, which could be a no intervention group, a wait list group or a usual intervention group (e.g. probation). Trials in children and adolescents aged 10 to 17 years with conduct disorder and/or delinquency and their families were considered. Conduct disorder was defined by a standardised psychological assessment (for example, using a child behaviour checklist), or a psychiatric diagnosis. Delinquency was defined by a referral from a juvenile justice or another legal system for a child/adolescent who has committed a serious crime e.g assault and/or offended on at least two occasions. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently reviewed all eligible studies for inclusion, assessed study quality (allocation concealment, blinding, follow up, clinically important outcomes) and extracted data. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Chi squared test of heterogeneity along with visual inspection of the data. A significance level less than 0.1 was interpreted as evidence of statistically significant heterogeneity. For data where heterogeneity was found the reviewers looked for an explanation. If studies with heterogeneous results were thought to be comparable the statistical synthesis of the results was done using a random effects model. This model takes into account within-study sampling error and between-studies variation in the assessment of uncertainty and will give wider confidence intervals to the effect size and hence a more conservative result. Sensitivity analysis was performed to explore the effects of the varying quality of the studies included on the results. MAIN RESULTS: Of the nine hundred and seventy titles initially identified through the search strategy, eight trials met the inclusion criteria. A total of 749 children and their families were randomised to receive a family and parenting intervention or to be in a control group. In seven of these studies the participants were juvenile delinquents and their families and in only one the participants were children/adolescents with conduct disorder who had not yet had contact with the juvenile justice system. At follow up, family and parenting interventions significantly reduced the time spent by juvenile delinquents in institutions (WMD 51.34 days, 95%CI 72.52 to 30.16). There was also a significant reduction in the risk of a juvenile delinquent being re arrested (RR 0.66, 95%CI 0.44 to 0.98) and in their rate of subsequent arrests at 1-3 years (SMD -0.56, 95% CI -1.100 to - 0.03). For both of these outcomes there was substantial heterogeneity in the results suggesting a need for caution in interpretation. At present there is insufficient evidence that family and parenting interventions reduce the risk of being incarcerated (RR=0.50, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.21). No significant difference was found for psychosocial outcomes such as family functioning, and child/adolescent behaviour. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The evidence suggests that family and parenting interventions for juvenile delinquents and their families have beneficial effects on reducing time spent in institutions. This has an obvious benefit to the participant and their family and may result in a cost saving for society. These interventions may also reduce rates of subsequent arrest but at present these results need to be interpreted with caution due to the heterogeneity of the results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Conduct disorder: diagnosis and treatment in primary care.

Conduct disorder is a common childhood psychiatric problem that has an increased incidence in adolescence. The primary diagnostic features of conduct disorder include aggression, theft, vandalism, violations of rules and/or lying. For a diagnosis, these behaviors must occur for at least a six-month period. Conduct disorder has a multifactorial etiology that includes biologic, psychosocial and familial factors. The differential diagnosis of conduct disorder includes oppositional defiant disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mood disorder and intermittent explosive disorder. Family physicians may provide brief, behaviorally focused parent counseling, pharmacotherapy and referral for more intensive family and individual psychotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Measurement of cortisol and lymphocyte subpopulations in depressed and conduct-disordered adolescents.

Lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed in 11 adolescents with major depressive disorder, 11 with conduct disorder, and eight normal age-matched subjects. No significant differences were noted on any T or B cell measure between the groups. Further, no significant correlations were found between any cortisol measure (baseline cortisol, post-dexamethasone cortisol, urinary free cortisol) and any lymphocyte measure in either depressed or conduct-disordered adolescents. The negative findings in this small sample contrast with those reported in adult patients and suggest that an aging effect may be associated with the immunological changes reported in older depressed patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

An efficacy/effectiveness study of cognitive-behavioral treatment for adolescents with comorbid major depression and conduct disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effectiveness of the Adolescent Coping With Depression (CWD-A) course, a cognitive-behavioral group intervention for depressed adolescents with comorbid conduct disorder. METHOD: Between 1998 and 2001, 93 nonincarcerated adolescents (ages 13-17 years) meeting criteria for major depressive disorder and conduct disorder were recruited from a county juvenile justice department and randomly assigned to the CWD-A or a life skills/tutoring control condition. Participants were assessed post-treatment and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Dichotomous outcomes were analyzed with logistic regression; dimensional measures were analyzed using random effects regression. RESULTS: Major depressive disorder recovery rates post-treatment were greater in CWD-A (39%) compared with life skills/tutoring control (19%) (odds ratio 2.66, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-6.85). CWD-A participants reported greater reductions in Beck Depression Inventory-II (r2 = 0.055, p =.033) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (r2 = 0.047, p =.039) scores and improved social functioning (r2 = 0.064, p =.019) post-treatment. Group differences in major depressive disorder recovery rates at 6- and 12-month follow-up were nonsignificant, as were differences in conduct disorder both post-treatment and during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first randomized, controlled trial of a psychosocial intervention with adolescents with major depressive disorder and conduct disorder. Although the CWD-A appears to be an effective acute treatment for depression in adolescents with multiple disorders, findings emphasize the need to improve long-term outcomes for depressed adolescents with psychiatric comorbidity and imply that interventions for comorbid populations focus directly on each specific disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The relation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse: what role does conduct disorder play?

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature examining the relation between childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance abuse. A number of researchers have statistically controlled for conduct disorder (CD) when examining the ADHD-substance-abuse relation. These studies have generally found that the ADHD-substance-abuse relation disappears when the high overlap between ADHD and CD is taken into account. On this basis, one may conclude that ADHD is unimportant to substance abuse. However, there is some evidence from both empirical studies and related fields that ADHD and CD may interact to afford a higher risk for substance abuse than may either disorder alone. Thus, ADHD appears to be important to substance abuse in that it interacts with CD to increase the risk. This paper calls for more research that directly examines the joint effects of ADHD and CD on risk for substance abuse. There is also a need for more research that examines gender differences, and mechanisms of the relations among ADHD, CD, and substance abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Antisocial personality disorder with childhood- vs. adolescence-onset conduct disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

This study, based on a nationally representative, epidemiologic sample (N = 43,093, response rate 81%), compared sociodemographic and family history correlates, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) symptom patterns, and Axis I and Axis II comorbidity, among adults with DSM-IV ASPD who reported onset of conduct disorder (CD) in childhood ( or =age 10). Prevalence of each ASPD diagnostic criterion and comorbid lifetime disorder was estimated. Logistic regression was used to examine associations of childhood-onset CD with ASPD symptom patterns and comorbid disorders. Among the 1422 respondents with ASPD, 447 reported childhood-onset CD. Childhood-onset respondents were more likely than adolescence-onset respondents to endorse CD criteria involving aggression against persons, animals, and property before age 15, and to endorse more childhood criteria and lifetime violent behaviors. Childhood-onset respondents displayed significantly elevated odds of lifetime social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, drug dependence, and paranoid, schizoid, and avoidant personality disorders, but significantly decreased odds for lifetime tobacco dependence. Childhood-onset CD appears to identify a more polysymptomatic and violent form of ASPD, associated with greater lifetime comorbidity for selected Axis I and Axis II disorders, in nonclinical populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Service utilisation by children with conduct disorders--findings from the GB National Study.

BACKGROUND: Children with conduct disorders and their families come into contact with a range of community and specialist agencies. METHODS: The aim of this study was to establish the lifetime service utilisation rates among children with conduct disorders from the Great Britain National Study (N = 10,438), and to examine the association between comorbid disorders, family and social factors, and service utilisation. The Development and Well-Being Assessment, a service checklist, and a battery of family and social functioning measures were used. RESULTS: The weighted prevalence of oppositional and conduct disorders was 5.4%. Within this group (N = 403), 241 (59.8%) had conduct disorder only, 79 (19.6%) comorbid emotional, 72 (17.9%) comorbid hyperkinetic, and 11 (2.7%) comorbid emotional and hyperkinetic disorders. These subgroups were compared on service utilisation with children with other psychiatric disorders (N = 351). Children with conduct disorders had significantly higher lifetime rates of utilisation of social and educational services than children with other psychiatric disorders. Contact with primary health, specialist health, and educational services was significantly associated with comorbid physical and psychiatric disorders. In contrast, contact with social services was associated with family discord and social sector tenancy. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are discussed in the context of organisation and co-ordination of health, other statutory, and non-statutory services, also taking into account previous research on interventions for children with conduct disorders and their families.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The characteristics and intervention histories of incarcerated and conduct-disordered youth.

OBJECTIVES: 1) To determine if incarcerated youth and conduct-disordered youth in treatment display similar risk factors associated with chronicity of antisocial behaviour; 2) to determine if incarcerated youth had experienced high numbers of interventions by many different agencies as has been reported for conduct-disordered youth in treatment. METHOD: The files of 25 conduct-disordered youth in treatment and 25 incarcerated youth were examined to extract all relevant data. RESULTS: Incarcerated youth were similar to conduct-disordered youth with regard to the number of symptoms of disruptive behaviour disorders, age of onset of behavioural problems, and family backgrounds. Both groups had high numbers of interventions and agencies in their histories. Interventions began earlier for the conduct-disordered youth. CONCLUSION: The distinction between conduct-disordered youth who are treated and youth who are incarcerated may be arbitrary and accidental. Given the similarity in the clinical characteristics, incarcerated youth should be offered help that is similar to that offered to conduct-disordered youth. Such help may lower the rate of recidivism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Oppositional defiant and conduct disorder: a review of the past 10 years, part I.

OBJECTIVE: To review empirical findings on oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD). METHOD: Selected summaries of the literature over the past decade are presented. RESULTS: Evidence supports a distinction between the symptoms of ODD and many symptoms of CD, but there is controversy about whether aggressive symptoms should be considered to be part of ODD or CD. CD is clearly heterogenous, but further research is needed regarding the most useful subtypes. Some progress has been made in documenting sex differences. Symptoms that are more serious, more atypical for the child's sex, or more age-atypical appear to be prognostic of serious dysfunction. Progress has been made in the methods for assessment of ODD and CD, but some critical issues, such as combined information from different informants, remains to be addressed. A proportion of children with ODD later develop CD, and a proportion of those with CD later meet criteria for antisocial personality disorder. ODD and CD frequently co-occur with other psychiatric conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Although major advances in the study of the prevalence and course of ODD and CD have occurred in the past decade, some key issues remain unanswered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Youth with conduct disorder: a challenge to be met.

Conduct disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents between the ages of four and 16. This paper summarizes the literature on conduct disorder, from definition and diagnosis to treatment and prevention. In addition, it reports on the deliberations and recommendations of a group of clinicians and researchers who met at a retreat to discuss ways to improve the quality of treatment and develop prevention strategies for youth with conduct disorder. This retreat was held under the auspices of the Institute for the Study of Antisocial Behaviour in Youth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Divalproex sodium for the treatment of conduct disorder: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: New treatments for conduct disorder are sorely needed. We aimed to test the efficacy of divalproex sodium for the treatment of conduct disorder. METHOD: Seventy-one youths with conduct disorder according to DSM-IV criteria were enrolled in a randomized, controlled, 7-week clinical trial. Subjects were all adolescent males with at least 1 crime conviction. Subjects were randomized into high- and low-dose conditions and were openly managed by a clinical team. Subjects and independent outcome raters were blinded to condition. Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and CGI-Improvement (CGI-I) ratings, Weinberger Adjustment Inventory ratings, and staff ratings of behavioral privilege were used to assess outcome. RESULTS: Intent-to-treat analyses showed significant associations between assignment to the high-dose condition and ratings on the CGI-S (p =.02) and CGI-I (p =.0008). Self-reported weekly impulse control was significantly better in the high-dose condition (p <.05), and association between improvement in self-restraint and treatment condition was of borderline statistical significance (p <.06). Parallel analyses comparing outcome by blood drug level achieved strengthened the results, as expected. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study in a most difficult population suggests a role for divalproex sodium in the treatment of conduct disorder. Divalproex sodium improved self-reported impulse control and self-restraint, variables shown to be predictive of criminal recidivism. Studies are needed of longer-term impact and side-effect profiles. This is one of few controlled psychopharmacologic studies of conduct disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Conduct disorder and personality disorders in hospitalized adolescents.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between DSM-III-R Axis I and II psychiatric diagnoses in hospitalized adolescents with and without conduct disorder. The spectrum of psychopathology associated with conduct disorder, especially personality disorder symptoms and diagnoses, remains largely unexplored. METHOD: Twenty-five inpatients were evaluated using the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents, Adolescent Version (DICA-R-A); the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, Epidemiologic Version (K-SADS-E) (panic disorder and agoraphobia only); and the Structured Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SIDP-R). RESULTS: Fifty-two percent met criteria for conduct disorder, and the majority of these had comorbid substance abuse, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and major depression. The diagnosis of conduct disorder was also associated with fulfilling criteria for multiple Axis II personality disorders, particularly passive aggressive and histrionic. Nearly three personality disorders per subject were found in those with conduct disorder, while those without conduct disorder averaged just over one personality disorder. There was a trend for female subjects with conduct disorders to have more frequent and varied personality disorder diagnoses. For the entire sample, males were significantly more likely to have conduct disorder, and females were significantly more likely to have borderline personality disorder. CONCLUSION: These findings support conduct disorder as a multifaceted illness composed of diverse Axis I and II characteristics. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to determine the outcome of personality disorder diagnoses made in adolescents with and without conduct disorder.

Adolescent↗