Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Computer Storage Devices”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Integrating digital educational content created and stored within disparate software environments: an extensible markup language (XML) solution in real-world use.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a standardized and scaleable mechanism for exchanging digital radiologic educational content between software systems that use disparate authoring, storage, and presentation technologies. MATERIALS/METHODS: Our institution uses two distinct software systems for creating educational content for radiology. Each system is used to create in-house educational content as well as commercial educational products. One system is an authoring and viewing application that facilitates the input and storage of hierarchical knowledge and associated imagery, and is capable of supporting a variety of entity relationships. This system is primarily used for the production and subsequent viewing of educational CD-ROMS. Another software system is primarily used for radiologic education on the world wide web. This system facilitates input and storage of interactive knowledge and associated imagery, delivering this content over the internet in a Socratic manner simulating in-person interaction with an expert. A subset of knowledge entities common to both systems was derived. An additional subset of knowledge entities that could be bidirectionally mapped via algorithmic transforms was also derived. An extensible markup language (XML) object model and associated lexicon were then created to represent these knowledge entities and their interactive behaviors. Forward-looking attention was exercised in the creation of the object model in order to facilitate straightforward future integration of other sources of educational content. XML generators and interpreters were written for both systems. RESULTS: Deriving the XML object model and lexicon was the most critical and time-consuming aspect of the project. The coding of the XML generators and interpreters required only a few hours for each environment. Subsequently, the transfer of hundreds of educational cases and thematic presentations between the systems can now be accomplished in a matter of minutes. The use of algorithmic transforms results in nearly 100% transfer of context as well as content, thus providing "presentation-ready" outcomes. CONCLUSION: The automation of knowledge exchange between dissimilar digital teaching environments magnifies the efforts of educators and enriches the learning experience for participants. XML is a powerful and useful mechanism for transfering educational content, as well as the context and interactive behaviors of such content, between disparate systems.

Computer Storage Devices↗
PubMed2001

A simple mechanism for sharing and transporting medical digital case information across disparate computer language and data storage environments.

It is challenging to remotely share generic medical case information without an agreed upon definition of a medical digital teaching file (DTF). By utilizing an application of the extensible markup language (XML) called web-distributed data exchange (WDDX) along with an agreed upon WDDX structure, it is technically easy to share or syndicate medical case DTFs across computing environments that use different information models and computer languages. Thus, this easily implemented technology offers us an immediately available means to share and increase the value of scientific knowledge.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1995

Stimulation, data acquisition, spikes detection and time/rate analysis with a graphical programming system: an application to vision studies.

A Macintosh-based system performs stimulus control and data acquisition, and an off-line analysis, in experiments on visually driven neurons in frog. The stimulus is a target moved on a modified XY recorder. The computer is equipped with a multifunction input/output board to perform stimulus control and data acquisition. The graphical programming system LabVIEW 2 was used to develop the 'Vision 93' package made of 4 main 'virtual instruments' (VIs). By means of DOCS-Exp, the user controls the experiment via screen displays which look like front panels of electronic instruments. DOCS-Preproc performs a user-controlled spike detection and computes mean impulse rate values. DOCS-SAS displays the instantaneous frequency, mean impulse rate, spike counts or interspike time intervals as staircase histograms and/or spline smoothed curves. Finally, DOCS-x-Functions computes and graphs quantitative stimulus/response relationships in terms of velocity, diameter, orientation and configuration of the target. The functionalities of these main VIs are presented and original software components are detailed. System operation is illustrated by using the successive VIs to process a sample signal record.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

Airport X-rays and floppy disks: no cause for concern.

A controlled study was done to test the possible effects of X-rays on the integrity of data stored on common sizes of floppy disks. Disks were exposed to doses of X-rays up to seven times that to be expected during airport examination of baggage. The readability of nearly 14 megabytes of data was unaltered by X-irradiation, indicating that floppy disks need not be given special handling during X-ray inspection of baggage.

Aviation↗
PubMed1994

Storing radiographs on a PC using a hand scanner: a simple tool to improve the teaching quality of radiographs in medical education.

Using a hand scanner, radiographs were scanned into a personal computer (PC) for storage and viewing. These images were of superior or similar quality to x-ray photographs published in textbooks and journals. This represents a simple and inexpensive way for emergency physicians to store x-ray files electronically for instant access from a desktop or laptop computer. This optimizes emergency medicine teaching when radiographic studies are involved. Identical copies of the image files can be made and distributed for viewing on other PCs. The PC is a new tool that will improve our ability to organize our educational resource materials. Multimedia methods represent a new way to present and distribute audiovisual educational materials at a desktop.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed2005

Surface bio-magnetism on bacterial cells adhesion and surface proteins secretion.

Extensive research works have been done on using magnetic fields on biological organism, but the results till date have been controversial [D.O. Carpenter, S. Ayrapetyan (Eds.), Biological Effects of Electric and Magnetic Fields, vol. 1, Academic Press, San Diego, 1994]. In spite of this, the study of surface magnetic effects on bacterial adhesion and cell growth has not been rigorously explored. The effects of surface magnetism, using perpendicularly polarized magnetic media, are evaluated on Bacillus licheniformis, a widely used bacterium in brewery [L. Kandra, a-Amylases of medical and industrial importance. J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem.), in press] and pharmaceutical [H. Ikram-ul et al., Production of alph amylase by Bacillus licheniformis using an economical medium. Bioresour. Technol. 87 (2003) 57-61] industries, by observing its adhesion and growth behavior. At different spin directions, we are able to observe a change on the biofilm formation, protein synthesis, and cell growth rate. Given that surface energy can easily penetrate through cells, this approach is an advantage over existing techniques that require direct physical contact to target cells. It also presents a new technique to cell adhesion and synthesis of surface proteins.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed2002

Digital image archiving.

The digital camera has become a valuable component of the clinical practice for many otolaryngologist head and neck surgeons. Because several technical details distinguish digital cameras from their standard 35-mm counterparts, having some knowledge of these features is crucial for integrating digital imaging successfully into a practice. This chapter discusses these cameras and digital output, with an emphasis on their use in a medical practice. The author also explores current and future applications and gives a summary of limitations and benefits.

Computer Storage Devices↗
PubMed2000

ELDONET--European Light Dosimeter Network. Structure and functions of the ELDONET server.

The European Light Dosimeter Network (ELDONET) project has been designed with the purpose of establishing an efficient system to monitor solar radiation in Europe, in as many as possible locations. This paper describes the structure of the server that collects and processes the data acquired by the different stations belonging to the network, and makes them freely available on the Internet to the scientific community. The server is able to receive data either via FTP from the Internet or via modem and to process them looking for errors or inconsistencies. Moreover, it automatically generates graphs, Web-pages and FTP archives. The server has been active for some years in testing mode and is now fully operative.

Computer Storage Devices↗
PubMed1995

Sens-A-Ray characteristics with variations in beam quality.

This study examined the relationship between x-ray beam quality and image characteristics with the use of the Sens-A-Ray (Regam Medical Systems, Sundsvall, Sweden). To evaluate the x-ray response, properties of the image sensor, dark current and statistical noise, sensitivity, and contrast resolution were measured. Tube voltage, tube current, and exposure time were varied. Exposures were determined with the use of an ionization chamber. Pixel values beneath a lead strip were used to calculate dark current effects. Contrast was measured with pixel values from the images of a step-wedge. Dark current noise increased in proportion to exposure time. Although the sensitivity at each tube voltage was linear and proportional to the exposure, the gradient was inversely proportional to increased tube voltage. After subtraction of the dark current and statistical noise, the gradient of the sensitivity at low tube voltage remained steeper than at high tube voltages. Hence, sensitivity decreased with increased tube voltage. Sensitivity gradients at each different tube current were similar. Irrespective of exposure, contrast resolution between adjoining step-wedge steps > or = 9 mm were too small to distinguish at 50 kVp. The gray levels for each step below 12 mm in thickness were distinguishable with 90 kVp. Increased dark current noise consequent to long exposure times narrowed the available gray scale range. Lower tube voltage resulted in higher sensitivity with larger gradients than higher tube voltages.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1998

The effect of DICOM on QCA and clinical trials.

Almost without any exemption, new cardiac catheterization laboratories are entirely digital without 35 mm cinefilm as the storage medium. In addition, existing laboratories are increasingly converting to the digital world. Aside from the organizational aspects, this has significant implications for the daily diagnostic review process of the procedures, and for the quantitative analysis of selected frames by QCA. The DICOM standard has now been well accepted in the catheterization laboratories. In stead of mechanical cine projectors, a department must decide on so-called DICOM-Viewers or 'digital Tagarno's'. In this paper the effects of DICOM on image quality and therefore on the visual interpretation of these images, as well as on QCA are discussed. Since the digital images can be enhanced, these look sharper than the conventional cinefilm images. However, edge enhancement has an effect on QCA, reason why the digital data must be stored in raw format. With the enormous amounts of digital data produced in a catheterization laboratory, image compression is of great importance. Currently, an international study is being carried out to determine which compression level is still acceptable from a visual interpretation and QCA point of view. Finally, the implications of the digital era on clinical trials are discussed. One of the important conclusions is that one should be encouraged not to switch from cinefilm to digital in the course of a trial, while a mixed population from the beginning is no problem, as long as the proper statistical calculations are carried out. In conclusion, despite the fact that there are still a number of items to be checked and possibly modified in the standard, the existing DICOM standard has succeeded in bringing widespread utilization of QCA in cardiac angiography closer than ever.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1998

The digital cardiac network: today and the future.

Cine replacement or cineless angiography is now a serious consideration for any new cardiac catheterization laboratory installation. Standards have been set by the Dicom committee, and CD's are rapidly appearing instead of angiogram film. Core labs. are geared to perform CD interpretation as well as film during this transition phase. Attempts are made to network multiple labs. and maintain the same kind of flow encountered in an analog lab. Labour and material costs seem to be cheaper for cineless labs. The future will see faster and deeper storage and commercially available means to network hospitals. This technology may be the forerunner of the digital patient record.

Cineangiography↗
PubMed1998

Digital image in cardiology now and for the future.

Siemens has a logical stepwise approach and employs proven technology. Siemens historically remains focused on efficiently handling image data in the cardiac cath lab as evidenced by: the 1990 introduction of HICOR and timely introduction of ACOM in 1995 together with the extension of the DICOM 3 standard by ACC/NEMA. Today and into the future Siemens is building the strength with the powerful synergy developed between our medical division and computer division (Siemens Nixdorf) to assure even greater success with tomorrow's ACOM.net (Figure 3). Siemens statement: All HICORs can be upgraded with ACOM. All ACOMs can be interfaced to the ACOM net.

Cardiology↗
PubMed1998

Filmless cardiac imaging: motion or commotion?

At present times the medical cardiology imaging is still arguing about the usefulness of X-Ray Cine film in comparison with digital and filmless imaging. It is clear that both techniques have their advantages. X-Ray Cine film is a well established technique of which the possibilities are well known. At a first glance filmless imaging offers nothing but advantages. However the whole picture becomes clear when trying to implement these systems in a clinical environment, because at that time aspects of investments, technological continuity and risks, needed skills and effects on the workflow appear. This article has the purpose to clarify some of these aspects and give guidance in the difficult process of making the right decision.

Cineangiography↗
PubMed2001

The validation of the finite difference method and reciprocity for solving the inverse problem in EEG dipole source analysis.

The performance of the finite difference reciprocity method (FDRM) to solve the inverse problem in EEG dipole source analysis is investigated in the analytically solvable three-shell spherical head model for a large set of test dipoles. The location error for a grid with 2 mm and 3 mm node spacing is in general, not larger than twice the internode distance, hence 4 mm and 6 mm, respectively. Increasing the number of scalp electrodes from 27 to 44 only marginally improves the location error. The orientation error is always smaller than 4 degrees for all the test dipoles considered. We have also compared the sensitivity to noise using FDRM in EEG dipole source analysis with the sensitivity to noise using the analytical expression for the forward problem. FDRM is not more sensitive to noise than the method using the analytical expression.

Artifacts↗
PubMed2000

Associative memory hamiltonians for structure prediction without homology: alpha-helical proteins.

Energy landscape theory is used to obtain optimized energy functions for predicting protein structure, without using homology information. At short sequence separation the energy functions are associative memory Hamiltonians constructed from a database of folding patterns in nonhomologous proteins and at large separations they have the form of simple pair potentials. The lowest energy minima provide reasonably accurate tertiary structures even though no homologous proteins are included in the construction of the Hamiltonian. We also quantify the funnel-like nature of these energy functions by using free energy profiles obtained by the multiple histogram method.

Computer Simulation↗