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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Prison deprivation and protein nutritional status of inmates of a developing community prison.

OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the protein nutritional status of inmates of a small prison, in the light of a changing serum protein pattern in the environment. DESIGN: Survey of prison inmates. SETTING: A male prison and low social class hospital workers. SUBJECTS: 81 inmates and 62 randomly selected controls, of which 42 of the former and 28 of the latter were further randomly selected. METHODS: Nutritional and confinement history were obtained by a questionnaire, Weights and heights were measured and serum and urine samples collected for protein estimations. RESULTS: The prisoners were confined for 229.1 (SD 210.1) days. 48.1% had BMI < 20 kg/m2 compared to 28.6% of controls (p = 0.04). Their diet was predominantly carbohydrate. Mean total serum protein was 81.5gm/L (6.1) (95% CI = 79.3-83.5) (prisoners); 88.7 gm/L (8.1) (95% CI = 85.7-91.7) (controls). Serum globulin was 44.9 gm/L (6.3) (95% CI = 42.9-46.9) (prisoners); 55.4 gm/L (8.2) (95% CI = 52.3-58.5) (controls) (p <0.001 respectively). More prisoners than controls had severe hypo- albuminaemia (p =0.001). All values were lower in those awaiting trial compared to convicted inmates. Total protein and albumin weakly correlated with duration of confinement (r = -0.23 and -0.15, respectively). CONCLUSION: The study suggest that the prisoners might be undernourished with lower serum proteins than controls, within an average of seven months confinement. The picture appears worse in those awaiting trial and with prolonged duration of confinement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Ethnicity and other characteristics predictive of coronary heart disease in a developing community: principal results of the St James Survey, Trinidad.

A ten-year community survey was undertaken to investigate the high coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence among people of Indian (South Asian) descent in Trinidad, West Indies. Of 2491 individuals aged 35-69 years, 2215 (89%) were examined and 2069 (83%) found to be clinically free of CHD at baseline. After exclusion of 71 of minority ethnic groups, 786 African, 598 Indian, 147 European and 467 adults of Mixed descent were followed for CHD morbidity and mortality. In both sexes, adults of Indian origin had higher prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus, a low concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and recent abstinence from alcohol than other ethnic groups. Indian men also had larger skinfold thicknesses than other men. In participants free of CHD at entry, the age-adjusted relative risk of a cardiac event believed due to CHD was at least twice as high in Indian men and women as in other ethnic groups. In men, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration were positively and independently related to risk of CHD, whereas alcohol consumption and HDL cholesterol concentration were inversely associated with risk after allowing for age and ethnic group. The ethnic contrasts in CHD persisted when these characteristics were taken into account. In the smaller sample of women, only ethnic group was predictive of CHD as defined. The failure of point estimates of risk to explain the high CHD incidence in Indians calls for focus on age of onset of risk and examination of other potential risk factors such as insulin concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Anticipated and actual barriers to developing community mental health programs for the elderly.

Teams of state and local agency professionals responsible for mental health and aging services participated in a model project utilizing education and consultation to facilitate community mental health programming for the elderly. Participants identified both anticipated and actual barriers to programming. Competing program priorities and lack of staff knowledge about mental health and aging were anticipated and confirmed as major barriers. Agency-organizational barriers were unanticipated, yet there were severe problems in cooperative interagency programming.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A sickness called unemployment: a long-term unemployment. Association of Community Development (ACD)].

OBJECTIVES: The general objective of this investigation is to know the possible consequences of long-term unemployment on the family and social environment, as well as the mechanisms which lead to the appearance of health problems among long-term unemployed people. METHODS: The subjects of this study were long-term unemployed people of 35 to 55 years of age of the municipal term of Madrid, with families depending on them. This is a qualitative-intensive investigation, with special emphasis on the individual, social, sanitary and economical aspects. The instrument of common measurement was the combination of the discussion group integrated by five people, during approximately 120 minutes, with focused and individual interviews (48) over a semistructured script, during approximately 60 minutes, using recording instruments (audio tape). RESULTS: During the development of the discussion group a worsening of the psychological health and family situation was observed as a consequence of remaining unemployed. In the more thorough interviews we could detect clear differences according to the impact of unemployment on health depending on the low socioeconomical area, women and older unemployed people. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of unemployment on health cannot be isolated from other underlying bad social and economical conditions, that is to say, from social, economical, educative inequalities, etc., previous to the unemployment situation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Developing community mental health services for indigenous people of northern Ontario.

Inadequacies of three common models of mental health service delivery have been presented but each of these can contribute to an adequate system if the approach aims at the totality of mental health care. The key to service delivery and the provision of services in the local community by adequately trained and supervised mental health workers familiar with the culture and language and who are involved with other community workers in an inter-agency process. A major and the most important part of the work occurs in this level. This front line work must have the back-up and support of the system which has three roots. The clinical root is that of a support team of professionals, the local nursing station, hospital and the tertiary institutions. The second root is in training and education by recognized courses and other resources and the third in an adequate administration in which the indigenous population has been put in control.

Adolescent↗