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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Collagenous colitis: an electron microscopic study including comparison with the chronic fibrotic stage of ulcerative colitis.

Light and electron microscopic studies of 14 cases of collagenous colitis are reported. Comparative electron microscopic examinations were carried out on 13 cases of ulcerative colitis in the chronic fibrotic stage of the disease. Separation of pericryptal fibroblasts which showed enhanced fibre-forming activity, proliferation of myofibroblasts, accumulation of mast cells and a pericapillary collagen accumulation were noted in both groups. Based on these results, collagenous colitis was considered to result from scar formation secondary to previous superficial inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Intercurrent cytomegalovirus colitis in a patient with ulcerative colitis.

Acute intercurrent CMV colitis developed in a patient with UC who was receiving prednisone. CMV infection was suggested by light and electron microscopic study of a rectal biopsy taken during the acute episode and was confirmed by serology done nine months later. The microscopic studies of plastic-embedded tissues demonstrated that infected cells were concentrated in a subendothelial location and were presumably macrophages. Epithelial and endothelial cells were not involved. Steroid therapy and the inflammation and repair process (granulartion tissue) of active UC may have predisposed the present patient to CMV colitis. CMV infection has been reported to be more common in patients with UC than in the general population. Detection of CMV colitis in patients with UC could be of special importance since alteration of immunosuppressive therapy may be indicated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Association of cytomegalovirus colitis and the 1st episode of ulcerative colitis in an immunocompetent patient].

Colitis by cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an inflammation of the large bowel which leads to mucous and submucous ulceration producing bloody diarrhea of uncertain evolution. This disease is well known in immunosuppressed (IS) patients but is very rare in immunocompetent (IC) patients, particularly in association with the initiation of the ulcerative colitis (UC). The case of an immunocompetent male who developed UC following colitis by primary CMV is presented. Although the immunologic mechanism of UC is undoubtable, this case suggests the possibility of CMV being a triggering factor of UC.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1992

A case of localized peritonitis caused by obstructive colitis proximal to rectal carcinoma: a rare manifestation of obstructive colitis.

A case of obstructive colitis associated with rectal carcinoma in a 56 year old Japanese man is reported herein. He presented to Shinkokura Hospital with severe abdominal pain following a one month history of anal bleeding and mild abdominal pain. On palpation, muscle guarding was observed in the left lower quadrant and the white blood cell count was 14,200/mm3. An exploratory laparotomy was performed under the provisional diagnosis of acute abdomen, which revealed localized peritonitis 8 cm oral to an area of rectal carcinoma. An anterior resection of the lesion was therefore performed together with a descendo-proctostomy. The histopathologic diagnosis revealed adenocarcinoma and obstructive colitis involving the entire thickness of the sigmoid colon and resultant fibrino-purulent peritonitis. His post-operative course was uneventful and he was continuing to do well on the 30th postoperative day, at the time of writing. The clinical significance of this combination of obstructive colitis with rectal carcinoma is briefly discussed following the presentation of this case.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Yersinia colitis masquerading as pseudomembranous colitis.

We describe a 15-month-old male who presented with fever and diarrhea 24 hr after receiving antibiotics for otitis media. A flexible sigmoidoscopy was initially interpreted endoscopically as antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis, and the patient was treated with vancomycin. The diagnosis of antibiotic-associated colitis was excluded in our patient by the negative stool examination for Clostridium difficile toxin, the failure to obtain supportive features on rectal biopsy, and the failure to demonstrate sigmoidoscopic improvement with vancomycin therapy. Thirteen days later, Y. enterocolitica was cultured from the initial stool specimens. In this case, the raised central whitish area on an erythematous base was misinterpreted as pseudomembranous colitis.

Colitis↗
PubMed2002

Ulcerative colitis complicating pseudomembranous colitis of the right colon.

A 65-year-old man in the remission stage of ulcerative colitis developed severe bloody diarrhea and high fever. He was treated with imipenem/cilastatin and clindamycin for infectious enterocolitis at a local hospital, but there was no improvement in his condition. Steroid pulse therapy was also ineffective. Colonoscopy revealed pseudomembranous colitis extending from the ascending colon to the cecum, and Clostridium difficile toxin was positive in the feces. The administration of vancomycin in addition to oral steroids resulted in rapid improvement of the condition. Total colonoscopy is recommended for precise diagnosis when patients with ulcerative colitis develop intractable diarrhea during or after antibiotic therapy.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

A trial of zileuton versus mesalazine or placebo in the maintenance of remission of ulcerative colitis. The European Zileuton Study Group For Ulcerative Colitis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Leukotriene B4 is a major neutrophil chemoattractant detected during relapse of inflammatory bowel disease and represents a potentional therapeutic target. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of zileuton, an active 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, with mesalazine and placebo in the maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. METHODS: A double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter, and multinational trial was conducted during a 6-month period in hospital-based patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Three hundred five evaluable patients with ulcerative colitis in remission at the start of the trial were randomized into groups to undergo oral treatment with zileuton (600 mg qid; n = 113), mesalazine (400 mg qid; n = 99), or placebo (n = 111). The primary efficacy outcome was maintenance of remission for 6 months. A multivariate analysis was used to investigate determinants of relapse. Safety was assessed by treatment discontinuation, adverse events, vital signs, and laboratory parameters. RESULTS: After 6 months, 54% of patients receiving zileuton remained in remission compared with 43% receiving placebo (P = 0.094) and 63% on mesalazine (P = 0.266). Relapse rates on mesalazine were significantly lower than those for placebo (P = 0.017). All treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Zileuton (600 mg qid) was not significantly better than placebo in the maintenance of remission of ulcerative colitis in this trial and may have limited potential in the treatment of this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Comparative value of colonic biopsy and intraluminal fluid culture for diagnosis of bacterial acute colitis in immunocompetent patients. Infectious Colitis Study Group.

We compared the yield of intraluminal fluid culture to that of biopsy specimens obtained during colonoscopy for the diagnosis of bacterial colitis in 93 immunocompetent patients with a recent episode of diarrhea and macroscopic lesions of colitis. Stool culture findings were also available for 68 patients. At least one bacterial pathogen was isolated from the biopsy specimen, intraluminal fluid, or stool from 48 patients (51.6%). Salmonella species, Clostridium difficile, Klebsiella oxytoca, Shigella species, and Campylobacter species were recovered from 16 (17.2%), 15 (16.1%), 8 (8.6%), 7 (7.5%), and 4 (4.3%) of the patients, respectively. One Shigella species and one K. oxytoca strain were isolated from biopsy specimens but not from intraluminal fluid, and intraluminal fluid was the only positive specimen in 12 cases (yielding 1 Salmonella species, 2 Shigella species, 2 K. oxytoca, and 7 C. difficile isolates). In nine cases out of 10, toxin B was detected only in intraluminal fluid. A correlation of 91.2% was observed between stool and intraluminal fluid cultures for Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter species isolations. Culture of biopsy specimens adds little to the diagnosis of infectious colitis, and stools and intraluminal fluids appear to have comparable value.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Relationship between results of laboratory tests and inflammatory activity assessed by colonoscopy in children and adolescents with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis.

The relationship between the results of nine laboratory tests and inflammatory activity in the colon assessed macroscopically (macro) and histologically (hist) has been studied in 60 children and adolescents, 36 with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 24 with Crohn's colitis (CC). The mean duration of disease was 38 months. Eleven patients were newly diagnosed and not treated. Special attention was paid to severe and extensive colitis (SEC), in other words, moderate or severe inflammation in at least six of eight colon segments. A significant correlation was found between some laboratory parameters and the inflammatory activity of colonic mucosa. In UC, the following abnormal laboratory test results only occurred in SEC/macro: thrombocytosis, low serum albumin, and high serum orosomucoid. The combination of low serum iron and low or normal total iron binding capacity (TIBC) occurred in seven cases, six of whom had SEC/macro. Eleven of the 17 patients with SEC/macro had at least one of these four test results. SEC/hist was indicated only by thrombocytosis and high orosomucoid. In CC, a combination of low serum iron and low TIBC only occurred in SEC/macro. Thirteen of 36 patients with UC (36%) and four of 24 with CC (17%) had no abnormal test results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Cytomegalovirus colitis mimicking a colonic neoplasm or ischemic colitis 4 years after heart transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis is a polymorphous disease presenting in immunodepressed patients in a variety of clinical forms that can delay diagnosis and therapy. We report the case of a patient who presented with abdominal pain 4 years after heart transplantation; clinical and x-ray findings were suggestive of a neoplastic or ischemic stenosis, and histopathological examination likewise initially suggested an ischemic etiology. METHODS: Tissue samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, cut, and stained with hematoxylin/eosin and periodic acid-Schiff-Alcian Blue. Immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies was performed using an indirect immunoperoxidase method. RESULTS: CMV colitis was eventually diagnosed and resolved with surgery and specific anti-CMV therapy. CONCLUSIONS: CMV colitis should be suspected in any heart transplant patient with signs or symptoms of abdominal pathology, even without classical signs or symptoms of CMV infection. If stenotic lesions are present, surgery may be required not only to remove the obstruction but also to rule out malignancy.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated↗
PubMed1988

Longterm olsalazine treatment: pharmacokinetics, tolerance and effects on local eicosanoid formation in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis.

To examine pharmacokinetics and tolerance of long term administration of olsalazine (azodisalicylate), increasing doses of the drug were given for one year to 31 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and nine patients with Crohn's colitis (CC), refractory to, or intolerant of sulphasalazine, until sustained remission was obtained or a maximum of 4 g/day was reached. Colonic drug metabolism was studied by equilibrium in vivo dialysis of faeces. Complete azoreduction occurred in most cases. Concentrations of 5-aminosalicylic acid, but not N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid, in faecal dialysates increased dose dependently. Serum concentrations disclosed no cumulation in the long term and olsalazine was well tolerated, although loose stools occurred transiently in some patients with extensive disease: this was associated with a larger proportion of unsplit olsalazine in the faecal dialysates. Patients with ulcerative colitis having a high prostaglandin E2 concentration (greater than ng/ml) determined by equilibrium dialysis of rectum, were less likely to benefit from treatment. Olsalazine is a very effective means of delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid to the colonic mucosa in active disease. Use of the drug in controlled trials may be considered safe even in prolonged high dosage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

New ulcerative colitis model induced by sulfhydryl blockers in rats and the effects of antiinflammatory drugs on the colitis.

We tried to produce a new ulcerative colitis model in rats by topical administration of sulfhydryl blockers. After male SD rats were fasted for 24 hr, 100 microliters of 3% N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) or iodoacetamide (IA) was introduced into the colon via a Nelaton's catheter. Both NEM and IA caused severe diarrhea with rectal bleeding and decreased body weight for about 7 days. At autopsy, adhesions and dilatation of the colon and severe mucosal lesions were observed. Both the weight and myeloperoxidase activity of the colon increased markedly. Maximum changes were observed within 1-3 days followed by gradual recovery, but even on day 21, some abnormalities were still observed. The ulceration and inflammation of the colon were confirmed by histological studies. Antiinflammatory drugs such as indomethacin inhibited the inflammation of the colon by NEM, but aggravated the ulceration. These results revealed that sulfhydryl blockers instilled into the colon caused ulcerative colitis in the rat. This model may be useful in studies on the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and the evaluation of drugs for therapy. Furthermore, it was suggested that antiinflammatory drugs may delay the healing of colonic ulcers.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Ulcerative colitis or amebic colitis--a case report].

The large intestine reacts relatively monomorphically to different stimuli. From this differential-diagnostic problems may result. The history of a patient is described which could be pursued retrospectively and prospectively over 14 years and during the course of which the correction of the diagnosis ulcerous colitis into chronic relapsing amoebic colitis was necessary. As a conclusion is emphasized that in every symptomatology of colitis primarily bacterial and parasitologic examinations of the faeces should be brought about and it must be also thought of spontaneous amoebic infections in our country.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Sporadic hemorrhagic colitis associated with Escherichia coli, type O157:H7: unusual presentation mimicking ischemic colitis.

Hemorrhagic colitis is a bacterial infection of the colon, associated with a verotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli, commonly serotype O157:H7. This recently described disease is usually self-limiting. Because fecal cultures are negative for the usual pathogens and the clinicopathologic features closely mimic ischemic colitis, the patient is exposed to the risk of unnecessary surgery. One such situation is described and differentiation between hemorrhagic and ischemic colitis is discussed.

Colitis↗
PubMed1995

[Ulcerative rectocolitis: review of clinical characteristics in patients with distal colitis and extended colitis].

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease which, starting from the rectum, affects more or less extended tracts of the colon. Given that distal and extended forms are generally described as a single nosological entity, the authors aimed to verify whether there are any clinical differences between the two groups of patients with varying extents of disease. A retrospective review was made of data relating to 189 patients suffering from ulcerative colitis observed over a 90-months period. Only 111 cases were included in the study: all patients had undergone an endoscopic and histological diagnosis with a follow-up of over one year. Seventy-eight patients (41.26%) were excluded from the study because they had been lost during follow-up, or follow-up had lasted less than one year, or it had not been possible to perform pancolonoscopy. The 111 patients examined were subdivided into 2 groups: one (39 patients) with distal colitis, namely involving the rectum or recto-sigmoid, and the other (72 patients) with more extended disease. The extension of disease was evaluated on the basis of histological findings. The mean follow-up was 5 years and 11 months. The two groups were comparable for age, sex, number of annual attacks, maximum duration of disease-free periods, clinical evolution, predominant symptoms, extraintestinal symptoms and surgical treatment. Results were processed using Student's t test and the chi-square test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Determination of the active moiety of BX661A, a new therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis, by studying its therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in rats.

5-[4-(2-Carboxyethylcarbamoyl)phenylazo]salicylic acid disodium salt dihydrate (CAS 80573-04-2, BX661A) is being developed as a therapeutic drug for ulcerative colitis. To determine the active therapeutic moiety of BX661A, the therapeutic effects with single and combined administration of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine (4-ABA) and 4-amino-N-2-pyridinyl-benzenesulfonamide (CAS 144-83-2, sulfapyridine, SP) on ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in rats were investigated, and the following results were obtained. 1. BX661A at doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg (p.o.) dose-dependently decreased the erosion area (mm2) in the large intestine with % inhibition values of 28.7, 49.1 and 61.6%, and the shortening of the large intestine with % inhibition values of 17.1, 25.7 and 48.6%, respectively. Salazosulfapyridine (SASP) at doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg (p.o.) decreased the erosion area (mm2) in the large intestine with % inhibition values of 30.7 and 45.3%, respectively, but did not improve the shortening of the large intestine. However, at a dose of 300 mg/kg (p.o.) SASP, the % inhibition value of the erosion area in the large intestine was reduced. 2. A single intrarectal administration of 5-ASA (105 mg/kg, i.r.) significantly decreased the erosion area (mm2) in the large intestine, but a single administration of 4-ABA or SP did not show any significant effect on the erosion area. Combined administration with 5-ASA (105 mg/kg, i.r.) and 4-ABA (142.8 mg/kg, i.r.) significantly decreased the erosion area (mm2) in the large intestine with a % inhibition value of 63.8%. On the other hand, the efficacy of 5-ASA disappeared with combined administration with SP (% inhibition value of 7.3%). These results suggest that 5-ASA is the active moiety for the therapeutic effects of BX661A and indicate that the efficacy of 5-ASA disappears with the combined use of SP, but not of 4-ABA. Therefore, it seems that BX661A is clinically safe and more effective than SASP in the treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis.

Alanine↗
PubMed1981

Pseudomembranous colitis. A complication of sulfasalazine therapy in a patient with Crohn's colitis.

Pseudomembranous colitis is a potentially life-threatening acute medical problem usually associated with a history of previous antibiotic exposure. Presented here is a case of sulfasalazine associated pseudomembranous colitis in a patient with known Crohn's colitis. The diagnosis was confirmed by identifying Clostridium difficile toxin in the stool. This a newly reported complication of sulfasalazine therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Salmonella colitis presenting as a segmental colitis resembling Crohn's disease.

Salmonella species have recently been shown to involve the colon in a diffuse fashion resembling ulcerative colitis by radiographic and endoscopic appearance. We describe a case of Salmonella colitis in which the radiographic and colonoscopic features were focal ulcerations, mucosal edema, friability, and a loss of normal vascularity, an appearance resembling Crohn's disease. This is the first well-documented example of this clinical presentation.

Colitis↗