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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Hematopoietic growth factors: overview and clinical applications, Part II.

The growth and differentiation of blood cells is regulated by a group of at least 12 glycoproteins, collectively known as hematopoietic growth factors. Advances in protein biochemistry and molecular genetics have provided the tools for the bulk production of these hormones for clinical application. Clinical trials of macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-3 have all demonstrated significant effects on the peripheral blood counts of the recipients. The clinical usefulness of at least two of these agents in ameliorating post-chemotherapy myelosuppression, in the treatment of other cytopenias, and in enhancing engraftment after bone marrow transplantation has already been demonstrated. Potential applications to the therapy and diagnosis of other clinical disorders is under study. The history of the elucidation of these growth factors, our current understanding of their properties, interactions, and clinical effects, and the potential prospects for their future use in the manipulation of human blood cell production are the subject of this review.

Colony-Stimulating Factors↗
PubMed1990

Hematopoietic growth factors: overview and clinical applications, Part III.

The growth and differentiation of blood cells is regulated by a group of at least 12 glycoproteins, collectively known as hematopoietic growth factors. Advances in protein biochemistry and molecular genetics have provided the tools for the bulk production of these hormones for clinical application. Clinical trials of macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-3 have all demonstrated significant effects on the peripheral blood counts of the recipients. The clinical usefulness of at least two of these agents in ameliorating post-chemotherapy myelosuppression, in the treatment of other cytopenias, and in enhancing engraftment after bone marrow transplantation has already been demonstrated. Potential applications to the therapy and diagnosis of other clinical disorders is under study. The history of the elucidation of these growth factors, our current understanding of their properties, interactions, and clinical effects, and the potential prospects for their future use in the manipulation of human blood cell production are the subject of this review.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Development of a 2,048 x 2,048-pixel image intensifier-TV digital radiography system. Basic imaging properties and clinical application.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: A 2,048 x 2,048-pixel matrix image intensifier (II)-TV digital radiography system has been developed. Potential clinical applications of this new II-TV system were investigated. METHODS: Basic imaging properties were assessed with clinical applications to gastrointestinal (GI) tract and chest examinations. RESULTS: Basic imaging properties showed improvement of modulation transfer functions (MTFs) from the 1,024 x 1,024- to the 2,048 x 2,048-pixel matrix and approximated the screen-film system at low spatial frequencies. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of simulated linear shadows improved similarly. Clinical applications showed that the image quality of the 2,048 x 2,048-pixel matrix was comparable with that of the screen-film system for upper GI and chest radiography, but the image quality of the screen-film system was better for the lower GI tract. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' II-TV digital radiography system is clinically applicable to gastrointestinal and chest examinations.

Digestive System↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical application of anticancer cytokines].

The clinical application of anticancer cytokines (interferons, interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor) are reviewed. Although anticancer cytokines have confirmed its usefulness against some tumors which are refractory to the treatment using anticancer drugs, the results of clinical trials have generally been disappointing because the target spectrum and efficiency is somewhat limited. Recently, combined efficacy between interferon and anticancer drugs was reported in some malignancies such as multiple myeloma and colorectal carcinoma. For the development of effective combination treatment, we need more basic and clinical information on dose, schedule and sequence of drug administration.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

[Research of magnetism light compound therapy in clinical application].

This study is aimed to evaluate the clinical application of the millimeter wave and magnetism light compound therapy. The EHF-98B MMW. RL compound therapy apparatus made in the University of Electronic Technology(Chengdu) was used in 171 patients. The superficial, skin lesions or the visceral reflected skin regions (acupoints) were directly exposed to the light from the apparatus. All the cases were divided into five groups, namely skin mucosa superficial lesions, trauma of the bone and joint soft tissue, surgical incision, ENT infections, and rare intricate diseases. The therapeutic effects observed in the groups were analyzed and evaluated by means of 4 levels. As for the 171 patients, the cure rate was 42.7% (73 patients), the effective rate 25.1%(43 patients), the improvement rate 31%(53 patients), and no effect constituted 1.2%(2 patients). The total effective rate was 98.8%. This therapy was especially effective for treating chronic cervicitis, cervical erosion, soft tissue trauma, surgical incision. Also it was effective for treating some rare intricate diseases, e.g. sterility, vitiligo, Behcet disease. So the millimeter wave and magnetism light compound therapy may find wide clinical applications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Clinical applications of two-dimensional electrophoresis.

Two-dimensional electrophoresis is increasingly being used as an important tool for biological research although it continues to have few direct clinical applications. In the absence of simple systems to identify and quantify individual proteins or groups of proteins it is unlikely that clinical applications will increase. Measurement of some individual proteins, for example a single acute phase reactant, often yields as much clinically useful information as could be currently expected from quantitation of several proteins with the same physiological role. Cost-containment pressures within the clinical laboratory will prevent the technique from becoming widely used in the clinical laboratory until it can clearly demonstrate that it can produce clinically important and necessary information that can not be obtained by other means. We continue to believe that the technique's greatest potential lies in identifying a protein or proteins whose concentration can be correlated with a disease and whose concentration varies with the progress of the disease. Antibodies to such proteins can then be produced and used to quantify the disease-associated proteins by a simple procedure, such as nephelometry. In spite of our belief of the likely clinical application of the technique there appears to be no systematic use of two-dimensional electrophoresis for this purpose. With clinical specimens a few investigators still run gels of serum or urine from patients with apparently unusual disorders and compare them visually with gels from healthy individuals. Nevertheless, the technique continues to have considerable unmet promise for clinical applications.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Cytoprotection by electromagnetic field-induced hsp70: a model for clinical application.

A unique approach to clinical application of cytoprotection is offered by electromagnetic (EM) field induction of stress proteins. EM fields are noninvasive and easily applied, as compared with the current hyperthermia protocols. Fertilized dipteran eggs and cultured rodent cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) were used as models to test EM fields for their ability to induce increased hsp70 levels for effective cytoprotection. Eggs preconditioned with an 8 microT 60Hz EM field for 30 min had 114% increase in hsp70 levels, and an average 82% increase in survival, following a lethal temperature of 36.5 degrees C. Thermal preconditioning at 32 degrees C was not nearly as effective in dipteran eggs, inducing only a 44% increase in survival. Preconditioning of cultured murine cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) with an 8 microT 60 Hz field induced a 77% average increase in hsp70 levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Major patterns of laryngeal electromyography and their clinical application.

Laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) is clinically valuable in the evaluation of laryngeal dysfunction and vocal fold immobility. To facilitate clinical application of this electrophysiologic test, a detailed description of modified LEMG techniques is presented. The techniques were applied for simultaneous bilateral recordings of the thyroarytenoid, cricothyroid, and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. The basic patterns of LEMG are classified into three different types: normal, neuropathy, and myopathy. In an attempt to characterize these patterns, we have reported eight LEMG-documented cases: unilateral laryngeal paralysis, bilateral laryngeal paralysis, cricoarytenoid joint dislocation, cricoarytenoid joint ankylosis, laryngeal myopathy, pharyngeal paralysis (soft palate paralysis), spasmodic dysphonia, and unilateral laryngeal paralysis with anastomosis. The significance of the major LEMG patterns is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Helical CT angiography with multiplanar reformation: techniques and clinical applications.

The technique and potential clinical applications of multiplanar reformation (MPR) of imaging data from helical computed tomography (CT) to display images of the blood vessels in the abdomen and the thorax are described. Helical CT was performed following bolus intravenous contrast material enhancement in patients with suspected tumor involvement of vessels in various regions of the body. The axial images were stacked to form a volume of imaging data from which a plane could be selected to display the desired vascular image in a two-dimensional format. Various techniques were used to change the image plane so that different vessels in different regions of the body could be displayed, including the splanchnic vessels around the pancreas, the portal veins and hepatic artery in the porta hepatis, the renal vessels, and the venae cavae and aorta. Rotation from a coronal or sagittal plane was necessary to display most vessels. The technique is practical and reproducible, but it requires that the operator be knowledgeable about vascular anatomy. Helical CT angiography with MPR has the potential to display vascular images that are similar to angiograms.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2005

[Analysis of lung function in children with respiratory diseases and its clinical application].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical application of lung function analysis in diagnosis of children respiratory diseases. METHODS: Respiratory function was evaluated with portable lung function detector in 6 261 children with respiratory diseases. FEV1, FVC and PEFR were measured in 268 children with cough variant asthma (CVA) and 147 children with asthma (AS), and the results were self-compared during follow-up. RESULT: There were no significant differences in above parameters between children with cough variant asthma and those with asthma (P>0.05). Lung functions of asthma children were improved evidently by administration of glycocorticoid inhalator (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Lung function detection is essential for diagnosis of asthma and it can be used as a reliable index for therapeutic effect of asthma children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

CT virtual endoscopy of the auditory ossicular chain: clinical applications.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical applications and limitations of CT virtual endoscopy (CTVE) in the auditory ossicular chain. METHODS: CTVE of the auditory ossicular chain was performed with 1.0 mm collimation at pitch 1.0, bone algorithm, 9.6 cm field of view, and 0.1-0.2 mm reconstruction interval in 40 patients with middle ear diseases. 30 cases were confirmed by surgery. Results were compared with the findings of axial high resolution CT (HRCT) and multiplanar reformation (MPR) images and surgery. RESULTS: The accuracy of CTVE images in detecting ossicular destruction was 92.6%, significantly higher than that of axial HRCT (83.9%) and multiplanar reformation (76.5%) images. CTVE could also clearly reveal the postoperative condition and congenital dysplasia of the auditory ossicular chain. CONCLUSIONS: CTVE can clearly demonstrate a three-dimensional image of the auditory ossicular chain and is useful in evaluating diseases of the ear, especially the auditory ossicles. CTVE could not clearly demonstrate abnormal soft tissue within the tympanic cavity, abnormal changes of the tympanic membrane and tympanic walls, and could be easily influenced by artificial factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Electrophoresis in the quantitative determination of cholesterol in lipoprotein fractions and its clinical application].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical application of the electrophoresis method for measuring serum cholesterol in lipoproteins and to study the characteristics of lipoprotein fractions in patients with the acute coronary syndrome. METHODS: Cholesterol in lipoprotein fractions in fasting serum was measured by electrophoresis in 26 patients with the acute coronary syndrome and 20 patients with stable angina pectoris. The results were compared to cholesterol in lipoproteins measured with the regular method. RESULTS: There was a good correlation between the methods with coefficients of 0.922, 0.909, and 0.899 for LDL-C, HDL-C and VLDL-C, respectively. The serum levels of TG and VLDL-C in the patients with the acute coronary syndrome were significantly higher than those with stable angina pectoris [(0.47 +/- 0.33) mmol.L-1 vs. (0.29 +/- 0.19) mmol.L-1, P < 0.01, (1.82 +/- 0.70) mmol.L-1 vs. (1.31 +/- 0.48) mmol.L-1, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: The electrophoresis method for quantifying cholesterol in lipoprotein fractions is well correlated with the regular method. The serum levels of VLDL-C and TG in patients with the acute conronary syndrome are higher than those with stable angina.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Clinical applications of thermoluminescent dosimetry.

The clinical applications of continuous cylindrical TL dosemeters, readout by linear motion through a heated oven, are presented in this work. The applications extend over high energy electron and photon therapy as well as diagnostic X-ray radiology.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1979

The electroretinogram: concepts and clinical applications.

This paper describes the clinical applications of the electroretinogram (ERG). Its purpose is to familiarize the practitioner with the capabilities, and limitations, of the ERG. This discussion includes ERG theory, test procedures, and interpretation of results.

Electroretinography↗
PubMed1993

[Two new types of keratoscope and their clinical application].

The author reports the clinical application of his 2 new types of keratoscope for qualitative observation of the corneal curvature: the reflective type and the transparent type. The latter was particularly useful in controlling the corneal astigmatism during intraocular microsurgery. According to practical use on 30 patients, the positive rate of astigmatic detection and the recognition of astigmatic meridian by these keratoscopes were satisfactory.

Astigmatism↗
PubMed2003

Clinically applicable thermal preconditioning attenuates leukocyte-endothelial interactions.

BACKGROUND: We have previously demonstrated that clinically applicable thermal preconditioning induces heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and protects against a subsequent ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in an animal model. A core component of I/R injuries is the interaction between activated leukocytes and endothelial cells. We hypothesized that the effects of clinically applicable thermal preconditioning are mediated through attenuation of this leukocyte-endothelial (L-E) interaction. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-one male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control, I/R, and preconditioning plus I/R groups. Preconditioning was done under general anesthesia and the animals' temperature raised by 1 degrees C for 15 minutes in a water bath. This was repeated once a day for 5 successive days. I/R injury was caused by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 10 minutes followed by 1 hour of reperfusion. L-E interactions were analyzed using intravital microscopy of a mesenteric vessel in vivo. L-E interactions were determined using leukocyte velocity (which decreases as cells interact), and number of adherent and migrated leukocytes. HSP72 was assessed by Western blot. RESULTS: Ischemia-reperfusion caused a decrease in leukocyte rolling velocity at all timepoints (p < 0.05 versus controls). Preconditioning attenuated the effects of I/R, and leukocyte rolling velocity was significantly improved versus I/R (p < 0.05) to levels similar to those in controls. Similarly, the number of adherent and migrating leukocytes increased significantly (p < 0.05) after I/R versus control at all time points, and preconditioning attenuated these to control levels, (p < 0.05 versus I/R) at both the 30- and 60-minute postischemia time points. Upregulation of HSP72 was demonstrated on Western blot. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that the benefit of clinically applicable thermal preconditioning is at least partially because of an immunomodulatory role in attenuating leukocyte-endothelial interactions associated with an increased expression of HSP 72.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1988

Monoclonal antibodies for clinical applications. Patents and literature.

The use of monoclonal antibodies for clinical applications has increased dramatically in the past few years. Monoclonal antibodies are used for the detection of bacterial and viral infections, determination of the presence and stage of cancer, and as diagnostics for the detection and quantitation of low molecular weight compounds of clinical and biochemical interest. The latter application has also taken place through the development of monoclonal antibody-based sensors. The ease of monoclonal antibody synthesis and their high degree of antigen specificity has made monoclonal antibodies ideal for the aforementioned clinical applications. Recent US patents and scientific literature on clinical applications of monoclonal antibodies are surveyed. Patent abstracts are summarized individually and a list of literature references are given.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗