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PubMedDate not supplied

Transient delay in choroidal filling after krypton red laser photocoagulation for choroidal neovascular membranes.

The authors report four patients who were treated with krypton red laser photocoagulation for neovascular membrane in the papillomacular bundle. In each patient, from 1 to 7 days following photocoagulation, there was a transient delay in filling of the choroid in a localized area beyond the treatment site. No patient suffered permanent visual loss as a result of this complication. Each patient regained normal choroidal filling (except for the treatment site) within two to four weeks. This angiographic observation may be explained by the increased uptake of the krypton red wavelength in the deep choroid.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Retinal choroidal anastomosis in classic choroidal neovascularization demonstrated by indocyanine green angiography.

Pathologic retinal choroidal anastomoses are relatively rare. Until now, they have been described in age-related macular degeneration only in occult pigment epithelial detachments or following fibrous scarring. We report the occurrence of a retinal choroidal anastomosis with blood flow from an actively proliferating classic choroidal neovascular membrane into a retinal vein in a 72-year-old male with age-related macular degeneration. Indocyanine green videoangiography performed by scanning laser ophthalmoscope demonstrated the anastomosis, whereas it could not be identified clinically or with fluorescein videoangiography.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Choroid plexus papillomas and human choroid plexus. A light and electron microscopic study.

Choroid plexus papillomas and mature human choroid plexus were studied by light and electron microscopic techniques. The mature choroid plexus has three types of cells: Type I cells are cuboidal or columnar cells and line the villi; Type II cells are flat cells lining connective tissue adjacent to neural tissue; and Type III cells are flat cells lining crypts in connective tissue. The cells of benign papillomas were similar to the fully developed Type I cells. The cells of a malignant papilloma were similar to the underdeveloped-appearing Type III cells. A variant malignant papilloma had well differentiated mucus-secreting cells resembling goblet cells.

Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

[Study on choroidal blood flow at dark and light adaptation. II. Choroidal blood flow at light adaptation].

The effect of light adaptation on choroidal blood flow (CBF) was studied in albino rabbits. CBF was measured by the hydrogen clearance method. There was no significant change of CBF at light adaptation, in which CBF had been expected to decrease due to decreased oxygen demand of the outer retina. The results showed that light adaptation did not influence CBF, in spite of the close relationship between the outer retina and choroidal circulation. Because of the rich blood flow, the choroidal circulation may not need a reaction mechanism for functional changes of the outer retina.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1989

[Study on choroidal blood flow at dark and light adaptation. 1. Choroidal blood flow at dark adaptation].

The effect of dark adaptation on choroidal blood flow (CBF) was studied in albino rabbits. CBF was measured by the hydrogen clearance method. There was no significant change of CBF at dark adaptation in both short term dark adaptation, in which CBF had been expected to increase due to increased oxygen demand of the outer retina, and long term dark adaptation, in which CBF had been expected to decrease due to depressed function of visual cells and retinal pigment epithelium. The results show that dark adaptation does not influence CBF, in spite of the close relationship between the outer retina and the choroidal circulation. The large blood flow of the choroidal circulation may not need the reaction mechanism for the functional changes of the outer retina.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The spectrum and dynamics of free amino acids in bovine ocular tissue and their interactions with pilocarpine. II. The aqueous humor, choroid epithelium and the choroid].

The authors revealed by two-dimensional ascendent chromatography on paper and thin-layer chromatography that a 3% aqueous solution of pilocarpine acts specifically on the free amino acids in the choroid, in the choroid epithelium and the aqueous humour of the bovine eye and that it reduces the total free amino acid level more in the choroid epithelium than in the aqueous humour. Specific changes of free amino acid levels caused by pilocarpine indicate the routes of transport, distribution and metabolic changes of pilocarpine and free amino acids. Based on these changes it is possible to evaluate also the physiological and morphological condition of ocular tissues and the organ of vision resp.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2004

Expression of pigment epithelium derived factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in choroidal neovascular membranes and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

AIMS: To determine whether pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF), a protein that inhibits angiogenesis, is expressed in human choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVMs) and in tissues from an eye with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). In addition, to compare the expression of PEDF with that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a known stimulator of angiogenesis, in these tissues. METHODS: CNVMs, associated with age related macular degeneration (AMD), angioid streaks, and PCV, were obtained during surgery. The expression of PEDF and VEGF in the excised subretinal fibrovascular membranes was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: PEDF and VEGF were strongly expressed in the vascular endothelial cells and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in the CNVMs where numerous new vessels were prominent (clinically active CNVMs). On the other hand, immunoreactivity for PEDF and VEGF was weak in the new vessels where fibrosis was prominent (clinically quiescent CNVMs). However, the RPE cells were still positive for PEDF and VEGF. The specimens from the eye with PCV also showed strong expression of PEDF and VEGF in the vascular endothelial cells and the RPE cells. CONCLUSION: Because PEDF is an inhibitor of ocular angiogenesis and an inhibitor of ocular cell proliferation, our results suggest that PEDF along with VEGF may modulate the formation of subfoveal fibrovascular membranes.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Evaluation of cases of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy showing classic choroidal neovascularization in their natural course].

BACKGROUND: Some cases of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in their natural course develop into classic choroidal neovascularization(CNV) as shown by fluorescein angiography (FA) findings. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We evaluated 8 eyes of 8 PCV patients showing classic CNV by FA findings, using indocyanine green angiography (IA) and optical coherence tomography(OCT). RESULT: All patients showed subretinal grayish exudates, which were considered fibrinous. Five cases were recognized as true subretinal CNV according to IA and OCT findings. The other 3 patients showed polypoidal dilatation with vascular networks by IA, and a moderately reflective mass considered fibrinous over the polypoidal elevation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) by OCT. CONCLUSION: Both true CNV and PCV with fibrin are present in PCV patients showing classic CNV. It requires care to determine proper treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Transpupillary thermotherapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization associated with choroidal nevus.

PURPOSE: To describe a patient with classic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with choroidal nevus, which was successfully treated using transpupillary thermotherapy. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: A 53-year-old woman underwent ophthalmologic evaluation, including fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography. Clinical and angiographic data were prospectively analyzed to evaluate visual acuity changes and angiographic evolution. RESULTS: Three months after transpupillary thermotherapy, visual acuity had improved from 20/100 to 20/40. Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiograms showed absence of leakage from CNV. Final visual acuity was 20/32 after a 15-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Transpupillary thermotherapy may be a viable option for subfoveal CNV associated with CN, although further studies are needed to establish the correct setting.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

Photodynamic therapy for juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization associated with multifocal choroiditis.

PURPOSE: Evaluation of visual acuity outcome of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin for juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to multifocal choroiditis (MC). DESIGN: Open-label, prospective, interventional case series. METHODS: Seven patients (seven eyes) diagnosed with juxtafoveal CNV associated with MC at the Eye Clinic of Trieste were considered. Inclusion criteria were the presence of juxtafoveal CNV no larger than 5400 microm in greatest linear dimension and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (Snellen equivalent) of approximately 20/200 or better. PDT was performed according to the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy (TAP) study. The primary outcome was the variation in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) charts visual acuity. In particular, the study considered changes of at least eight letters (approximately <1.5 lines of visual acuity loss) at the 12- and 24-month examinations compared with the baseline examination. Secondary outcomes included fluorescein angiographic features such as progression and area of CNV. RESULTS: At both the 12- and 24-month examinations, three patients (43%) gained at least 1.5 lines of visual acuity, three patients (43%) did not show changes in either direction, whereas visual acuity decreased by 1.5 or more lines from baseline in one patient (14%). The median CNV area was 0.3 mm(2) at baseline and 0.24 mm(2) at the 12- and 24-month controls, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The positive results of the present study and the absence of treatment-related side effects suggest that PDT may be considered a safe and viable therapeutic option for juxtafoveal CNV for a 24-month period. Further studies including a greater number of patients are needed to confirm these preliminary results.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Aqueous humor levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and choroidal neovascularization.

PURPOSE: To determine the aqueous levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in patients with active polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and pathologic myopia. DESIGN: Prospective, comparative control study. METHODS: Aqueous humors were collected from 32 eyes of 32 patients for either active PCV or CNV. Among them, 11 eyes had active and symptomatic PCV, 12 eyes had active CNV secondary to AMD, and nine eyes had active CNV of pathologic myopia. Levels of VEGF and PEDF were determined by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. A group of 10 aqueous samples from 10 patients who underwent cataract surgery without other ocular or systemic diseases comprised the controls. RESULTS: VEGF concentrations in aqueous humor were markedly increased in patients with PCV, CNV of AMD, and CNV of myopia when compared with the controls (analysis of variance [ANOVA], P < .001). VEGF levels in eyes with PCV were, however, significantly lower than those of exudative AMD (P = .045). The PEDF levels were also significantly different among the groups (ANOVA, P = .001), and we observed increased levels in PCV, CNV of AMD, and CNV of myopia. CONCLUSIONS: VEGF and PEDF factors were coexpressed and increased with positive correlation in aqueous humor of eyes with active PCV. The different levels of both factors in eyes of PCV and AMD might suggest distinct clinical entities or different angiogenesis courses between PCV and AMD.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Choroidal neovascularization associated with choroidal nevi.

We observed choroidal neovascularization with associated macular detachment in three cases of benign choroidal nevi. Successful obliteration of the neovascular membranes was performed with argon laser photocoagulation with maintenance of good central visual acuity.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Multifocal choroiditis and choroidal neovascularization associated with the multiple evanescent white dot and acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Several recent articles have described syndromes in which there is enlargement of the blind spot associated with retinal lesions. These have included the multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute macular neuroretinopathy, acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement syndrome, and multifocal choroiditis or pseudo presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (pseudo POHS). METHODS: The authors reviewed the records of seven patients in whom signs and symptoms of acute enlargement of the blind spot and pseudo POHS developed. RESULTS: All seven patients had photopsia accompanying enlargement of the blind spot during their illness. Four had transient white spots as seen in the multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. All presented with or developed chorioretinal scars or neovascularization similar to that seen in multifocal choroiditis or pseudo POHS. In four of the seven patients, POHS-like scars developed only in the eye that was symptomatic with blind spot enlargement and photopsia. Five of the 7 had visual acuity of 20/25 or better at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION: It would appear that there is an overlap in the clinical findings of all of these syndromes and that there may be a common link in their etiology.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Treatment of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization associated with multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis with photodynamic therapy.

PURPOSE: To study the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using verteporfin on the treatment of patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis (MCP), an uncommon disorder with no proven forms of therapy. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of seven consecutive patients with subfoveal CNV secondary to MCP treated with PDT using verteporfin was performed. RESULTS: The mean age of the 7 patients (all myopic women) was 41.4 years. A mean of 1.86 treatments was performed, and the mean follow-up time was 10 months. Four of the seven patients were treated unsuccessfully with corticosteroids before referral for PDT. The mean improvement of visual acuity was 0.86 line; 3 patients (42.8%) had an improvement in visual acuity representing at least a halving of their visual angle, while the other 4 patients remained stable. There were no treatment-related side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Although the follow-up time and the number of patients in this study were limited, the use of PDT was associated with stabilization or improvement of visual acuity in patients with subfoveal CNV secondary to MCP. Further study of this treatment modality is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Choroidal osteoma and choroidal neovascularization].

CLINICAL CASE: A 27-year-old woman with metamorphopsia was diagnosed with choroidal osteoma (CO); concurrently choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was also suspected. Neither fluorescein angiography (FA) nor indocyanine green angiography showed signs of CNV. A course of oral corticosteroids improved the symptoms, but when it was interrupted, both, the ophthalmoscopic and the FA findings showed a well defined CNV. Two years following green argon laser photocoagulation the CNV is still inactive. DISCUSSION: The clinical and angiographic heterogeneity of the CO can delay the diagnosis and treatment of an associated CNV.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin in treating the choroidal neovascularisation secondary to multifocal choroiditis].

Apart from AMD and pathologic myopia the posterior uveitis is the most common pathology being the cause of secondary choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). For many years the method of choice in treating those pathologies was the theramal laser photocoagulation with obvious limitations in the cases of subfoveal CNV. The implementation of PDT modality to every day's clinical practice expanded the range of CNV treatment methods. The following case report shows the results of treating the CNV secondary to multifocal choroiditis with PDT. During the 6 months of follow-up period we consider PDT as an effective, safe modality in treating the CNV secondary to inflammation. In the result of single PDT therapy the VA improvement of 4 ETDRS lines and it's stabilization on the level of 20/25 with the decrease of metamorphopsia was gained.

Aged↗