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PubMedDate not supplied

California's use of health statistics in child health planning.

The California Health Plan for Children, 1979, compiled by the Committee on Health Planning of California, District IX of the American Academy of Pediatrics, is an extensive report on health problems unique to the children of California. Since its publication, many local and state health agencies have been using it as a guide and source of data in their planning efforts for child and youth health. The creation of the plan demonstrated a successful working relationship between health care practitioners and biostatisticians, the acceptance by health professionals of the use of health statistics in planning, the different uses of health statistics in formulating recommendations, and an approach to organizing and summarizing large bodies of data. Nevertheless, our experience indicates that although collection systems for data on population, mortality, natality, morbidity, and health services statistics abound, their use in community health planning for subpopulations is still limited by problems in the definition, validity, and completeness of the data elements. The establishment of an individualized data system for the entire population, to be developed, coordinated, and controlled by one central agency, could be a significant step toward solving these long-standing problems in our data systems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Support of fathers of infants by the child health nurse.

The child health nurse is considered to be able to support fathers in the transition to parenthood, through utilizing the fathers' inherent resources for the best development of the child. The aim of present study was to identify what expectations fathers of infants have of the child health care, including the nurse: whether they feel that they have received support in this role and how they think the nurse can support new fathers. A qualitative descriptive design was used with an inductive approach using grounded theory, which was suitable to obtain knowledge and understanding of how fathers perceived and interpreted their interaction with their child health nurse. Twenty fathers of infants gave their informed consent to participate. They were interviewed and data were systematically analysed on three levels by constant comparative method. From the analysis, the core category trustful relationship was discovered, comprising the categories involvement, faith and support. Nurses ought to reflect on that a father of an infant may feel slighted at the child health clinic if, as traditionally, the nurse turns only to the mother. Many fathers of today want to share the infant care and they want more communication with the nurse. It is suggested that in the long run, support in early fatherhood may be of benefit for the child and for the family. If the father has a trustful relationship with the nurse, his involvement in child health care is presumed to increase, as is the possibility of having faith in the nurse, as well as receiving support in his role as father. The findings are discussed in relation to literature in the field.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using a population-based health information system to study child health.

OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the population-based analyses of measures of child health status used throughout this supplement. METHODS: The articles in this supplement examine health-related data for children 0 to 19 years. Most analyses cover the period from April 1, 1994 to March 31, 1999. Administrative and survey data were used to assess child health and well-being. For regional comparisons, data were broken down by subregions of Manitoba, called Regional Health Authorities (RHAs), and neighbourhoods of Winnipeg, called Winnipeg Community Areas (Winnipeg CAs). The premature mortality rate (PMR) was used as a proxy of the overall health of the population. All graphs comparing rates among RHAs and Winnipeg CAs rank these subregions in the same order, from lowest to highest PMR. Income was operationalized by dividing the province's population into urban and rural quintiles based upon household income. Other aspects of methodology are discussed. RESULTS: Results are presented in the articles that follow this one. CONCLUSION: The relationships between key child health indicators and geographic and socioeconomic factors for Manitoba children are discussed in the articles following this one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Health promotion at Swedish Child Health Centres.

Effective health promotion intervention is understood to modify appropriate risk and protective factors. The relevance of such interventions for the Child Health Service (CHS) was examined in three steps. In the first step, the six most important public health problems in the target group that might be affected by CHS interventions were identified. The health problems include sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), mental health problems, injuries, infections, asthma and allergic and nutritional disorders. In the second step, three groups of modifiable determinants were identified: risk and protective factors for (i) SIDS, asthma and allergic disorders and airway tract infections (determinants: breastfeeding, environmental tobacco smoke, sleeping non-prone and lacking indoor ventilation). (ii) injuries and (iii) mental health problems. In the third step, evidence for the preventive measure's ability to alleviate the effects of these risk factors was scrutinized. Evidence was found for effectiveness of CHS interventions aiming at decrease of environmental tobacco smoke. Evidence was also found for injury prevention provided that the intervention is a part of a wider community effort, and possibly also if it is very focused. Requirements for mental health promotion are also at hand. Thus, effective health promotion via CHS interventions is feasible.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Applications of health care research to child health services: a problematic relationship.

The direct impact of community health surveys on clinical practice is, essentially, unknown. The importance of behavioral problems as an unmet child health need was demonstrated by studies in the Isle of Wight (UK) and Rochester, New York (USA). Follow-up reports suggest persistently inadequate recognition of such problems by samples of practitioners in these two places. Several American centers have evaluated the training and use of pediatric nurse practitioners in response to a perceived shortage of personnel and maldistribution of primary care for children. A comparison of surveys of American pediatric practices before and after these reports reveals persistent shortcomings in the degree of delegation of tasks to auxiliary personnel. General strategies to improve the responses of primary care practitioners to survey research findings are discussed, with particular emphasis on the role of the individual investigator.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The importance of the Child Health Services to the health of children: summary of the state-of-the-art document from the Sigtuna conference on Child Health Services with a view to the future.

In September 1999, a state-of-the-art conference was held in Sigtuna outside Stockholm, Sweden. The subject of the conference was the future of the Child Health Services. The approximately 40 participants included researchers from all professions with a link to child healthcare. The conference was prepared by a working committee consisting of Claes Sundelin (chairman), Uppsala, Sven Bremberg, Huddinge, Gisela Dahlqvist, Umeå, Kerstin Hedberg Nyqvist, Uppsala, Anders Håkansson, Malmö, Gunilla Lindmark, Uppsala, Birgitta Wickberg, Göteborg and Maria Nyström Peck (secretary), Stockholm. The state-of-the-art report has recently been published by the National Council for Medical Research and is briefly summarized below.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Women's health in maternal and child health: time for a new tradition?

OBJECTIVES: The status quo in maternal and child health (MCH) focuses on obstetric health. An emerging alternative is to broaden the notion to reproductive health. An inclusive perspective encompasses women's health issues in MCH. The purpose of this paper is to further the debate on the relationship of women's health to MCH. Specific aims are (1) to describe activities promoting women's health in MCH and (2) to examine consequences of alternative perspectives for MCH research, services, and training. METHOD: To achieve the first objective, I discuss developments in a state health agency and pertinent documents from the MCH Section of the American Public Health Association. To address the second aim, I follow the Bush Policy Analysis Model of weighing the three paradigms against the following evaluative criteria: equity, efficiency, satisfaction, stigma, indirect effects, feasibility, sensitivity to class and race, and social responsibility. RESULTS: The obstetric approach meets most criteria in a positive fashion; reproductive health satisfies criteria more positively and less equivocally. A women's health perspective bears the most potential for improving reproductive outcomes at this time, since no area of women's general health has been definitively shown to be irrelevant to reproduction (or vice versa). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis suggests that women's health should be incorporated more fully into the MCH field, as well as other areas of public health and medicine. Once research deficits have been addressed and the scope of reproductive health delineated more clearly, the alignment of women's health with MCH may be reevaluated.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Community indicators of child health.

Indicators of health in child populations are critically reviewed and the potential for routinely collected morbidity and life quality data discussed. A short list of currently available, routinely collected child health data is proposed which, if available for all European countries, would form the basis of a useable and comparable European child health data base. A European consensus group on child health indicators is proposed and further research into morbidity and life quality measures relevant to children recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Relationship between health services for maternal and child health and working hours of public health nurses].

Based on the "Maternal and Child Health Service Act", public health centers and municipalities offer health education, health counseling, health examination, and home visits for district children and for their mothers. The relationship between the number of the MCH services offered and the working hours of public health nurses at the public health centers and the municipalities was analyzed. Data were taken by a survey in 1989, which was used for evaluating services provided to the children and their mothers in 1988. Questionnaires were sent to 23 health centers and their districts and 100 responses from 8 wards, 20 cities, 47 towns, and 25 villages were analyzed. When total working hours of the public health nurse for MCH are allocated to the four parts-planning, implementation, evaluation and training-86.7% of working hours are for implementation itself. The correlation coefficient between the total working hours of the public health nurse for MCH and the population, and the number of births per year, were significantly positive. A total of 107 hours were supplied for the infant child health examination per 100 births per year, for which 64% was for implementation itself. In the case of the health examination for three-year-old children, total working hours were 143 hours, for with 79% was for implementation itself. The number of mother-child handbooks issued, the number of health education classes and health counselings conducted, various health examinations performed, and home visits made were correlated significantly with the working hours of the public health nurse.

Child↗