Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Channel Islands”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Plasma retinol, beta-carotene and vitamin E levels in relation to the future risk of breast cancer.

In a prospective study of 5,004 women in Guernsey, plasma samples were collected and stored. Retinol, beta-carotene and vitamin E levels were later measured in the samples from 39 women who subsequently developed breast cancer and from 78 controls who did not develop cancer. Plasma retinol levels were not related to the risk of breast cancer, mean levels among cases and controls being 485 micrograms l-1 and 479 micrograms l-1 respectively. Plasma vitamin E levels showed a clear association, low levels being associated with a significantly higher risk of cancer. The mean vitamin E levels among cases and controls were 4.7 mg l-1 and 6.0 mg l-1 respectively (P less than 0.025), and the risk of breast cancer in women with vitamin E levels in the lowest quintile was about 5-times higher than the risk for women with levels in the highest quintile (P less than 0.01). beta-carotene levels showed a tendency to be lower in women who developed cancer than in controls (36 micrograms l-1 among cases compared with 50 micrograms l-1 among controls) but the difference was not statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The effect of HFE mutations on serum ferritin and transferrin saturation in the Jersey population.

High frequencies of the haemochromatosis-related HFE C282Y mutation have been reported in North European populations, in which a high proportion of patients with the disease are homozygotes. However, the degree of penetrance of this genotype is unknown. We determined the HFE C282Y and H63D genotypes of 411 consenting volunteer blood donors on Jersey, and the serum ferritin and transferrin saturation levels of 204 of these volunteers. The C282Y allele frequency was found to be 8.3% in 822 chromosomes, indicating a homozygote frequency of 1/145. Consistent with this, four C282Y homozygotes were detected in 411 volunteers. As there are only 18 patients presently receiving treatment for haemochromatosis on Jersey, out of a total population of about 85000, there is a large discrepancy between the number of haemochromatosis patients and the number of C282Y homozygotes in this population. In a preliminary study of 204 consenting volunteers we found a correlation between transferrin saturation and HFE H63D/ C282Y genotype (P=0.017) and between serum ferritin and genotype (P = 0.056). We also observed elevated values of transferrin saturation in the two C282Y homozygotes assayed. These results suggest that a large proportion of the many undetected C282Y homozygotes on Jersey and in similar populations could be in the preclinical stages of haemochromatosis, and warrant investigation. However, there may be a wide variation in the expression of the condition, and a more extensive study of the level of disease penetrance encompassing a large number of hitherto undetected C282Y homozygotes is therefore imperative.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Disclosing special needs to parents. Have we got it right yet?

Parents' perceptions of how they were told that their child has special needs were examined. Thirty-nine families on the Isle of Wight completed a structured interview. Participants formed two groups. The first group comprised of 23 families who had a child aged from birth to 5 years with special needs. In the second group there were 16 families who had a child aged between 15 and 20 years with special needs. Parents were asked about their perceptions of how their child's special needs were disclosed, their satisfaction with how they were told and what improvements they would have liked. Differences between the two cohorts were examined, and changes in how services were perceived were investigated. Overall, parents in the group with younger children were more satisfied about the way in which they were told that their child had special needs than those with older children. Implications for service delivery and future research are considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Predator diversity strengthens trophic cascades in kelp forests by modifying herbivore behaviour.

Although human-mediated extinctions disproportionately affect higher trophic levels, the ecosystem consequences of declining diversity are best known for plants and herbivores. We combined field surveys and experimental manipulations to examine the consequences of changing predator diversity for trophic cascades in kelp forests. In field surveys we found that predator diversity was negatively correlated with herbivore abundance and positively correlated with kelp abundance. To assess whether this relationship was causal, we manipulated predator richness in kelp mesocosms, and found that decreasing predator richness increased herbivore grazing, leading to a decrease in the biomass of the giant kelp Macrocystis. The presence of different predators caused different herbivores to alter their behaviour by reducing grazing, such that total grazing was lowest at highest predator diversity. Our results suggest that declining predator diversity can have cascading effects on community structure by reducing the abundance of key habitat-providing species.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Bacterial and fungal flora of seagull droppingsd in Jersey.

In Jersey 166 fresh and 122 dried seagull droppings were obtained and studied locally and in London for the presence of bacteria and fungi of potentially pathogenic nature. There were no salmonella or shigella bacteria isolated from the two groups but there was a high proportion of Candida albicans obtained from the fresh material (21.7%) and only 1.6% from the dry faeces. Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum were not found in either the dry or fresh droppings. The normal bacterial and fungal flora of the seagull was established and it is considered that the C. albicans in fresh gull droppings would not materially increase albicans infections in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Use of prediction models to forecast and analyse airborne spread during the foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Brittany, Jersey and the Isle of Wight in 1981.

Between March 4 and 26, 1981 the French veterinary authorities reported a series of 14 outbreaks of disease due to type O foot-and-mouth (FMD) virus, 13 in Brittany and one in Normandy. The United Kingdom reported FMD type O in Jersey on March 19 and in the Isle of Wight on March 22. The field and laboratory investigations on the farm in the Isle of Wight are outlined. The way in which short and long range numerical models were used to forecast the airborne spread of FMD from Brittany to the UK and then to assess the risk of further airborne spread within the UK is described.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1976

Circulating and intra-articular immune complexes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Correlation of 125I-Clq binding activity with clinical and biological features of the disease.

The correlation between the incidence and level of immune complexes in serum and synovial fluid and the various clinical and biological manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis has been studied. Immune complexes were quantitated using a sensitive radioimmunoassay, the 125I-Clq binding test, in unheated native sera and synovial fluids from 50 patients with seropositive (RA +) and 45 with seronegative (RA -) rheumatoid arthritis, 17 with other inflammatory arthritis, and 37 with degenerative and post-traumatic joint disease. The following observations were made: (a) when compared to the results from patients with degenerative and post-traumatic joint diseases, the 125I-Clq binding activity (Clq-BA) in synovial fluid was found to be increased (by more than 2 SD) in most of the patients with RA + (80%) and RA - (71%) and in 29% of patients with other inflammatory arthritis; the serum Clq-BA was also frequently increased in both RA + (76%) and RA - (49%) patients, but only exceptionally in patients with other inflammatory arthritis (6%); (b) a significant negative correlation existed between the Clq-BA and the immunochemical C4 level in synovial fluids from patients with RA + and RA -; (c) neither the serum nor the synovial fluid Clq-BA in rheumatoid arthritis significantly correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the clinical stage of the disease, or the IgM rheumatoid factor titer; and (d) the serum Clq-BA in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and extra-articular disease manifestations (40 +/- 34% in those with RA +,32 +/- 29% in those with RA -) was significantly increased as compared to the serum Clq-BA in patients with joint disease alone (24 +/- 30% in those with RA +, 10 +/- 13% in those with RA -). Experimental studies were carried out in order to characterize the Clq binding material in rheumatoid arthritis. This material had properties similar to immune complexes: it sedimented in a high molecular weight range on sucrose density gradients (10-30S) and lost the ability to bind Clq after reduction and alkylation, or after acid dissociation at pH 3.8, or after passage through an anti-IgG immunoabsorbant. DNase did not affect the Clq BA. These results support the hypothesis that circulating as well as intra-articular immune complexes may play an important role in some pathogenetic aspects of rheumatoid arthritis. The 125I-Clq binding test may also be of some practical clinical value in detecting patients who have a higher risk of developing vasculitis.

Adult↗