Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Chancroid”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Soft chancroid: 4 clinical cases].

OBJECTIVE: The presentation of four clinical cases of chancroid confirmed by means of a culture for Haemophiullus Ducrey and the checking of its clinical and epidemiological characteristics. SETTING: Dermatology Clinic at the "V Centenario" Health Centre, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Four clinical cases collected between 1988 and 1992. They were characterised by the very painful ulcers on the penis which appeared from 10 to 15 days after possible infection. Two of them had been previously treated with penicillin but showed no improvement. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: Clinical records were consulted and the diagnosis was confirmed by means of microbiological culture. Analyses including VDRL and HIV serologies were performed. All the patients were male: the location was the balanopreputial furrow. In two cases the lesion and the secondary adenopathy were single. In the four the general analysis was normal and serology for syphilis negative. Two were HIV positive. All were cured with a single dose of Ceftriaxon. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the chancroid is not common in our field, it must be identifiable so that a proper differential diagnosis of all genital ulcers can be made, with confirmation by means of a culture in a specific medium. The present first line treatment should be in reach of the Public Health System's family doctors and be initiated at once, given that genital ulcers are a risk factor in HIV transmission. Additionally these patients' HIV antibodies should be studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Fleroxacin in the treatment of chancroid: an open study in men seropositive or seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Fleroxacin was prescribed to treat both HIV-negative and HIV-positive men with proven chancroid in an open study. HIV-negative men were treated with a single 400-mg dose of fleroxacin, and HIV-positive men were treated with 400 mg daily for 5 days. Three of the 58 evaluable HIV-negative men were clinical and microbiologic failures, and two of the 22 evaluable HIV-positive men had persisting infection with Haemophilus ducreyi. Both regimens were well tolerated. Fleroxacin is an acceptable alternative to existing treatment regimens for chancroid in men.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

Low dose erythromycin regimen for the treatment of chancroid.

Haemophilus ducreyi is the commonest cause of genital ulcer disease in Africa and is associated with heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). The World Health Organization currently recommends erythromycin 500 mg three times a day for seven days as the treatment of choice for Haemophilus ducreyi infection. We studied the effectiveness of a lower dose erythromycin treatment regime, 250 mg three times a day for seven days in the treatment of chancroid. Patients with genital ulcer disease presenting at Nairobi City council clinic between January and March, 1992 were recruited into the study. Swabs were taken from the ulcers for Haemophilus ducreyi and venous blood was screened for syphilis and HIV antibodies. A total of 219 patients were enrolled for the study and were reviewed on days seven and fourteen for side effects, bacteriological and clinical cure rates. 26.4% of the study population were HIV-1 seropositive. The treatment regime was well tolerated and effective in both HIV seropositive and seronegative patients. Complete bacteriological cure rate was achieved in Haemophilus ducreyi culture positives by day seven irrespective of the HIV serostatus. However, the clinical cure rate for HIV seropositive patients was 88% compared to 99% for seronegative patients (p<.001). It is concluded that a low dose erythromycin is an inexpensive and effective treatment for chancroid with complete bacteriological cure rate, although the healing process takes longer in HIV seropositive patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Incidence determinants of gonorrhea, chlamydial genital infection, syphilis and chancroid in attendees at a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Athens, Greece.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the specific impact on the incidence rate of some demographic and behavioral characteristics in outpatients with four bacterial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional hospital outpatient-based study was conducted from 1990 to 1996 on 1064 consecutive symptomatic STD cases (Chlamydia trachomatis, n = 375; gonorrhea, n = 369; early symptomatic syphilis, n = 288, and chancroid, n = 32) using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: In a reference STD population of 5831 symptomatic outpatients, the relative incidence of gonorrhea, syphilis and chancroid was found to be increased among immigrants. Low educational/socioeconomic level was also a significant incidence predictor. Older age characterized homo/bisexuals. The chlamydial infection detection rate was not affected by nationality, injecting drug use history or sexual orientation in males. CONCLUSION: Innovative preventive and control strategies are needed among immigrants, older men having sex with men and injecting drug users, apart from those targeting the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Chancroid and the role of genital ulcer disease in the spread of human retroviruses.

Chancroid is the most prevalent form of genital ulcer disease in developing countries and is undergoing a resurgence in industrialized countries. As a result of a nonspecificity of the clinical findings, the etiologic diagnosis of genital ulcer disease requires laboratory support. Genital ulcer disease is a risk factor for the transmission of human retroviral infections. An understanding of this interaction is emerging and will impact on the treatment and control programs for the agents causing genital ulcer disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

The diagnosis and treatment of chancroid.

Chancroid, a disappearing disease in the United States, was reintroduced into the country in 1980 by immigrants from the Caribbean, Mexico, and Southeast Asia. Point epidemics resulted, each of them associated with prostitution. During the 4-month period between March 1 to June 30, 1985, forty-five patients were diagnosed and treated in Massachusetts, thirty-seven from Boston alone. By means of these case records, the morphologic characteristics, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment regimens are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

An investigation of genital ulcers in Jackson, Mississippi, with use of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay: high prevalence of chancroid and human immunodeficiency virus infection.

In 1994, an apparent outbreak of atypical genital ulcers was noted by clinicians at the sexually transmitted disease clinic in Jackson, Mississippi. Of 143 patients with ulcers tested with a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, 56 (39%) were positive for Haemophilus ducreyi, 44 (31%) for herpes simplex virus, and 27 (19%) for Treponema pallidum; 12 (8%) were positive for > 1 organism. Of 136 patients tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by serology, 14 (10%) were HIV-seropositive, compared with none of 200 patients without ulcers (P < .001). HIV-1 DNA was detected by PCR in ulcers of 6 (50%) of 12 HIV-positive patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that men with chancroid were significantly more likely than male patients without ulcers to report sex with a crack cocaine user, exchange of money or drugs for sex, and multiple sex partners. The strong association between genital ulcers and HIV infection in this population highlights the urgency of preventing genital ulcers in the southern United States.

Chancroid↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of new anti-infective drugs for the treatment of chancroid. Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Food and Drug Administration.

Chancroid is a mucocutaneous infection caused by Haemophilus ducreyi that produces ulcerative lesions and enhances the efficiency of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Confirmation of infection by culture of H. ducreyi is essential in therapeutic trials. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics for the isolate should be determined by agar dilution. Patients should be evaluated by appropriate laboratory tests for syphilis, infection with herpes simplex virus, gonorrhea, and (in North America) infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. The clinical history of the disease should be recorded and ulcers, buboes, and lymphadenitis mass described. Whenever possible, study participants also should be tested for HIV infection. Randomized, prospective, double-blind, active-control comparative clinical trials are preferred for evaluation of the safety and efficacy of new anti-infective drugs. Otherwise-healthy men and women should be enrolled in these studies. Patients with active syphilis or genital herpes should be excluded. Microbiological and clinical outcomes are paramount.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1990

A comparative study of spectinomycin and erythromycin in the treatment of chancroid.

In a randomized, controlled study, 55 patients with genital ulcerations, culture-positive for Haemophilus ducreyi, were treated with a single intramuscular injection of 2 g spectinomycin. A further 61 patients were treated with a five-day oral course of erythromycin base (500 mg, three times daily). Treatment failure occurred in seven patients who received spectinomycin (13%), whilst no treatment failures were recorded among patients who received erythromycin. This difference in efficacy was statistically significant. In contrast, spectinomycin proved significantly more effective than erythromycin in the treatment of the lymphadenopathy associated with primary chancroid lesions.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thiamphenicol in the treatment of chancroid in men.

Fifty-five men were treated for culture-positive chancroid with two 2.5-g doses of thiamphenicol given on each of two consecutive days. Forty-nine patients (89.1%) were cured on this regimen. No adverse effects were noted. Cultured strains of Haemophilus ducreyi were found to be sensitive to thiamphenicol.

Chancroid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Single-dose therapy with trimethoprim-sulfametrole for chancroid in females.

Women with genital ulcer disease who were culture-positive for Haemophilus ducreyi were treated with a single dose of the drug combination trimethoprim-sulfametrole; the dosage was 640 mg of trimethoprim and 3,200 mg of sulfametrole. All 27 women who were treated with this regimen and adequately followed were cured. Thus a single dose of trimethoprim-sulfametrole appears to be an effective treatment regimen for women with chancroid in Kenya.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of single-dose spectinomycin with five days of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of chancroid.

In a controlled trial 32 patients with ulcers culture-positive for Haemophilus ducreyi were treated with a single 2-g dose of spectinomycin, and 20 patients were treated with a five-day course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ; 160/800 mg) twice daily. Both regimens rapidly eradicated H. ducreyi from ulcers, with subsequent healing of ulcers and buboes. The cure rates 14 days after initiation of therapy were 94% for spectinomycin and 95% for TMP-SMZ. Patients with H. ducreyi-negative ulcers who were treated with the same regimens also healed and did not show a significantly different efficacy for either regimen. Thus we found that the one-day regimen of spectinomycin was as effective for the treatment of chancroid as was TMP-SMZ given for five days. Further studies on a larger number of patients are needed to confirm our findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of culture media for the laboratory diagnosis of chancroid.

Seven different agar-based media were compared to determine the optimal set of culture media for primary isolation of Haemophilus ducreyi. Also, a new method for sampling genital ulcers -- with a disposable sterile plastic loop -- and processing specimens that provides a standardised inoculum for culture of H. ducreyi on various media is described. A total of 202 patients with genital ulcer disease was enrolled in this study. A sterile swab or plastic loop was used to sample the base of the ulcers and ulcer material was suspended in sterile phosphate-buffered saline. A 100-microl sample of this suspension was mixed with an equal volume of tryptic soy broth containing IsoVitaleX and centrifuged for 1 min. This suspension was used to inoculate the different media. Plates were incubated at 33 degrees C in micro-aerophilic conditions and examined for growth of H. ducreyi after 48 h. Of the 202 specimens, 77 (38.1%) were culture positive for H. ducreyi. None of the agar bases supported the growth of all H. ducreyi strains. Based on this observation, we recommend the universal use of Mueller-Hinton agar base supplemented with chocolate horse blood and IsovitaleX (MH-HBC) and Columbia agar base supplemented with bovine haemoglobin, activated charcoal, fetal calf serum and IsovitaleX (C-HgCh) to enable comparison of prevalence figures for chancroid. In addition, the novel sampling technique described in this study eliminates sampling bias normally associated with genital ulcer specimens.

Chancroid↗
PubMed1988

Chancroid in El Salvador. Increasing incidence, clinical features, and therapeutics.

Ninety-five cases of chancroid were studied during a 6-month period in a dermatologic service in San Salvador; 88 (92.6%) were men and 7 (7.4%) were women, with a ratio of 12.5:1. The minimum age was 13 years and the maximum 46, with an average of 21 years. In most of the cases (81.05%), the incubation period varied from 1 to 7 days. Very painful adenopathies, enough to make walking difficult, were a striking feature in 69 cases (72.6%). Treatment was curative in all cases, except two, who received treatment with co-trifamole (sulfatrifamole 400 mg/trimethoprim 80 mg). In two cases in which it was not possible to use co-moxole (allergy, pregnancy), treatment was also curative using erythromycin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Single-dose ceftriaxone for chancroid.

Men with genital ulcers that were culture positive for Haemophilus ducreyi were treated with intramuscular ceftriaxone and randomized to three different dose regimens. All but 1 of 50 men treated with 1 g of intramuscular ceftriaxone were cured. Similarly, 0.5 and 0.25 g cured 43 of 44 men and 37 of 38 men, respectively. A single dose of 250 mg of intramuscular ceftriaxone is an effective treatment for chancroid.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Neutropenia restores virulence to an attenuated Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase-deficient Haemophilus ducreyi strain in the swine model of chancroid.

Haemophilus ducreyi causes chancroid, a sexually transmitted cutaneous genital ulcer disease associated with increased heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. H. ducreyi expresses a periplasmic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn SOD) that protects the bacterium from killing by exogenous superoxide in vitro. We hypothesized that the Cu,Zn SOD would protect H. ducreyi from immune cell killing, enhance survival, and affect ulcer development in vivo. In order to test this hypothesis and study the role of the Cu,Zn SOD in H. ducreyi pathogenesis, we compared a Cu,Zn SOD-deficient H. ducreyi strain to its isogenic wild-type parent with respect to survival and ulcer development in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed pigs. The Cu,Zn SOD-deficient strain was recovered from significantly fewer inoculated sites and in significantly lower numbers than the wild-type parent strain or a merodiploid (sodC+ sodC) strain after infection of immunocompetent pigs. In contrast, survival of the wild-type and Cu,Zn SOD-deficient strains was not significantly different in pigs that were rendered neutropenic by treatment with cyclophosphamide. Ulcer severity in pigs was not significantly different between sites inoculated with wild type and sites inoculated with Cu,Zn SOD-deficient H. ducreyi. Our data suggest that the periplasmic Cu,Zn SOD is an important virulence determinant in H. ducreyi, protecting the bacterium from host immune cell killing and contributing to survival and persistence in the host.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Development of the polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of chancroid.

The published nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of Haemophilus ducreyi were used to develop primer sets and probes for the diagnosis of chancroid by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification. One set of broad specificity primers yielded a 303-bp PCR product from all bacteria tested. Two 16-base probes internal to this sequence were species specific for H. ducreyi when tested with 12 species of the families Pasteurellaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. The two probes in combination with the broad specificity primers were 100% sensitive with 51 strains of H. ducreyi isolated from six continents over a 15-year period. The direct detection of H. ducreyi from 100 clinical specimens by PCR showed a sensitivity of 83 to 98% and a specificity of 51 to 67%, depending on the number of amplification cycles.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Thiamphenicol in the treatment of chancroid in men.

Thiamphenicol was used to treat 547 men with chancroid. An oral dose of 2.5g was given on the first day and a further dose of 1.25g a week later if the lesions had not healed. Eighty-seven (15.9%) patients defaulted from follow up and 23 (4.2%) had positive serological test results for syphilis. Of the remaining 437 patients, 27 (6.2%) failed to respond to treatment, 258 (59%) were cured after the single dose, and 152 (34.8%) required a second dose. The overall cure rate was 93.8%.

Chancroid↗