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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Seroresponses to human papillomavirus types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 virus-like particles in South African women with cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 in woman in Cape Town with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (n = 95), cervical cancer (n = 40), female blood donors (n = 95) and children (n = 110). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) made use of baculovirus synthesised HPV virus like particles (VLPs) as antigen. Antibodies to at least one HPV type were detected in sera from 75% of cancer patients, 71.6% of CIN patients, 44.2% of blood donors and 27.3% of children. Sera from 95 women with CIN were compared with age-matched female blood donors. There was a significant association of seropositivity to VLP-16 (P = 0.006) and VLP-45 (P = 0.008) with CIN compared with the blood donors. There was also a significant difference in the seropositivity of women with CIN to any of the five virus-like particle (VLP) types compared to the blood donors (P = 0.0002: OR = 3.2). Thirty-nine of sixty-nine (56.5%) women with CIN were found to be HPV-16 DNA positive. The average age of women in this group that were VLP-16 seropositive was 34 years and those found to be VLP-16 seronegative was 52 years of age. Antibodies to all five VLP types were detected in these populations, thus an ideal vaccine should induce protection from infection by a wide range of HPV types.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Role of ifosfamide in cervical cancer: an overview.

Ifosfamide, a cyclophosphamide analogue, has demonstrated a wide spectrum of activity against numerous neoplasms in different oncologic areas, including paediatric, haematological, breast, lung and testicular cancers, soft tissue sarcomas and gynaecological cancer. In gynaecologic cancers in particular, evidence suggests activity in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer, cervical carcinoma, germ cell carcinoma of the ovary. Cervical cancer has long been considered a poorly chemosensitive tumour and for several years the role of chemotherapy in the treatment of this tumour was confined to persistent or recurrent disease after failure of surgery and/or radiotherapy. In the management of cervical cancer, chemotherapy has received increasing attention in the last two decades and is currently used in neoadjuvant regimens, as salvage treatment in patients with disseminated or recurrent disease, or as a radiosensitizer. Over the past 30 years, several agents have been tested but cisplatin and ifosfamide are the agents that have attracted the greater attention. Cisplatin represents the cornerstone of chemotherapy for cervical cancer. Ifosfamide has been studied as a single agent or in combination with other drugs in different studies. In this paper we reviewed the approach with systemic therapy and, in particular, the role of ifosfamide in advanced or recurrent, and less advanced cervical cancer.

Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating↗
PubMed2003

Investigating Hong Kong's Filipino domestic workers' healthcare behavior, knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards cervical cancer and cervical screening.

The aim of this study was to investigate Hong Kong Filipino domestic workers health behaviors, knowledge, beliefs and attitudes about cervical screening and cancer. A concurrent cross sectional survey design used a snowball method of recruitment was used because of the acknowledged problematic access to a random sample of immigrant women. A total of 98 female domestic helpers were actively recruited through designated recreation centers. The women were between 24-45 years old (mean = 37.9, SD = 7.7). The majority of these women were employed as full-time domestic helpers (91%), were earning less than dollar 4000 Hong Kong dollars/month (92%), were married (82%), with children (91%), were non-smokers (88%), and had at least a secondary level of education (100%), with 66% of these women having completed post-secondary education. While the majority of women had previously heard about cervical smears (78%) more than half (53%) reported never having a cervical smear taken. Women who had a prior cervical smear had significantly more knowledge about cervical smears and cervical cancer (mean = 51.34, SD = 2.5) than those who never had a cervical smear (mean = 49.72, SD = 3.2). Recommendations are made for culturally tailored mass screening programmers out of office hours and health information to be provided in both written and oral Tagalong. Doctors and nurse ideally of Filipino origin should be used to deliver health messages that prioritize the importance of self protection for the family and future fertility issues, culturally prized within Filipino society.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Human papillomavirus therapy for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.

Cervical carcinoma is associated with human papillomavirus infection. Proliferation of cancer cells depends on the continual expression of the E6 and E7 viral oncogenes. This article includes treatment strategies that can interfere with expression or function of the proteins and immunotherapeutic approaches that can eliminate cells that express E6 and E7 proteins.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1985

Screening for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Dundee and Angus 1962-81 and its relation with invasive cervical cancer.

Cervical cytology screening started in Dundee and Angus in 1962 and apart from the five-year recall is largely opportunistic, the screening policy being in line with the recommendations of the Scottish Health Service Planning Council (1978) report. In the 1977-81 period the screening rate was 47% (maximum 70-80% in the 20-40 age-group). The incidence rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 varied from 3.2/1000 in women under age 35 to 0.5/1000 in those over age 55. The average yearly incidence and death rates per 100 000 women over the age of 20 were calculated from gynaecological cancer registry records. In women between the ages of 35 and 54, there was a progressive reduction in incidence from 40.89 during the five-year period before screening to 17.11 between 1977-81, with deaths falling from 20.71 to 7.33. Incidence figures recorded by the East of Scotland Cancer Registration Office were practically identical with those of the gynaecological cancer registry, but the many inaccuracies in death certificate records led to an over-recording of deaths in women over 55 between 1972 and 1981.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Traditional management of invasive cervical cancer.

Cervical carcinoma is staged clinically by examination and simple radiological procedures. CT and MRI can, however, be used to guide management. Prognosis is best made by tumor size. depth of invasion, parametrial involvement, nodal status, LVSI, and histology. CIN III and CIS can be treated by ablative or excisional procedures. Hysterectomy should not be the primary treatment. Microinvasive (<3 mm) Stage IA cervical carcinoma can be treated conservatively with conization in patients who desire fertility, but the standard of care remains simple hysterectomy. Stages IB and IIA can be treated with either radical hysterectomy or radiation therapy dependent upon the patient's health and preference. Risk factors after radical hysterectomy (eg, bulky tumors, deep invasion, involved nodes or margins. LVSI) might warrant adjuvant radiation therapy. Chemoirradiation is the current standard of care for treatment for Stages IIB, III, and [VA. Some clinicians also use this modality in patients with Stage IB disease who are undergoing radiation as the primary treatment. Locally recurrent disease can be treated with either radiation (after radical hysterectomy) or pelvic exeteration (after primary radiation therapy). Exenteration in appropriately selected patients yields 5-year survival rates up to 82% with low complication rates. Many exenterations are aborted intraoperatively because of distant or unresectable disease, however. The incidence of glandular carcinoma of the cervix is rising, particularly in younger women. Cervical carcinoma detected during pregnancy requires the combined efforts of the gynecologic oncologist and the maternal-fetal medical specialist to determine the timing and method of treatment.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed2004

Influence of cytology development on frequency of pre-cancerous lesions and cervical cancer in east Croatia, 1978-2001.

We analyzed the influence of cytology development to frequency of precancerosa (Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 - CIN 3) and cervical cancer. The number of examined Pap smears increased significantly in the analyzed period. The calculated linear trend shows an average four-year increase of 17,283.35 smears. The number of detected CIN 3 increased accordingly. The calculated linear trend shows an average four-year increase by 45.03 and decrease of the rate of 0.07. A slight increase in cervical cancer was also noticed. The calculated linear trend shows an average four-year increase in cancer by 1.6 and decrease in the rate of 0.51. Analyses of cervical cancer by stages showed an increase in number of stage I and decrease of other stages. The calculated linear trend shows an average four-year increase of stage I by 4.94 or decrease in other stages of cervical cancer of 3.29 respectively. The rate of cervical cancer stage I decreased by 0.11 and of other stages by 0.39. Further analyses of the stage I showed that the linear trend of IA stage had an average four-year increase by 5.40 and decrease in stage IB of 0.48. The rate of the cervical cancer stage IA increased by 0.02, whereas the rate of IB decreased by 0.13. Cytology development in our country has resulted in detection of higher number of CIN 3 and the earliest stage (IA) of cervical cancer whereas the number of other stages (IB, II, III, IV) has decreased. However, a total number of cervical cancers haven't changed over the whole period. Thus, it is obvious that opportunistic program of detection, which has been using in Croatia, could not decrease frequency of cervical cancer. In order to achieve it, well-organized national program of detection is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Detection of human papillomavirus mRNA and cervical cancer cells in peripheral blood of cervical cancer patients with metastasis.

PURPOSE: To determine the presence of cervical cancer cells in circulating peripheral blood of stage IVb cervical cancer patients with metastasis to distant organs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cervical cancer tissue from 15 stage IVb cervical cancer patients with metastasis were analyzed for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of transcriptional products of the HPV type 16 E6-transforming gene in the peripheral blood of the same 15 cancer patients was analyzed by reverse transcription and PCR. Cervical tissues and peripheral-blood specimens from 12 normal healthy individuals served as controls. RESULTS: Thirteen of 15 (86.7%) cervical cancer tissues from same number of patients were found to contain HPV type 16 DNA. Peripheral-blood specimens from 12 of 13 (92.3%) cervical HPV DNA-positive patients were found to contain HPV-specific mRNA detectable by reverse transcription (RT) and PCR. Cervical tissues from all 12 normal controls were HPV-free. None of the peripheral-blood specimens from two cervical HPV-negative cancer patients and 12 normal controls contained detectable amounts of mRNA of HPV type 16 E6-transforming gene. CONCLUSION: The most likely source of the HPV-specific mRNA detected in the peripheral blood of cervical cancer patients with metastasis is the cervical cancer cells derived from or shed from the cervix. The presence of HPV E6 mRNAs in peripheral blood may be a sensitive indicator of circulating cervical cancer cells. If PCR positivity is proven to be able to predict disease progression reliably, these findings may have clinical applications in the treatment of cervical and many other cancers.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypoxia-stimulated expression of angiogenic growth factors in cervical cancer cells and cervical cancer-derived fibroblasts.

It is generally accepted that local growth of solid tumors and their ability to establish distant metastases are dependent on the formation of new blood vessels arising from preexisting ones (angiogenesis). The angiogenic response of the host is mediated by angiogenic molecules that are released from cancer and normal stroma cells, especially fibroblasts. The goal of the present study was to quantitatively compare the expression of the two most important angiogenic growth factors (VEGF, angiogenin) of cervical cancer cells (HeLa and Me-180) with that of cervical cancer-derived fibroblasts (from one tumor/patient) under defined normoxic and hypoxic conditions in vitro. The growth kinetics of cervical cancer cells (HeLa and Me-180) and tumor-derived fibroblasts were evaluated in vitro under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Growth factor concentrations in the cell culture medium were measured by ELISA and the secretion rates per cell were calculated. Under normoxic conditions, both the cervical cancer cells as well as the tumor-derived fibroblasts released VEGF and angiogenin. The secretion rate of both angiogenic factors was significantly higher in the stroma cells than in the tumor cells (P < 0.05). VEGF and angiogenin secretion is significantly higher in the stroma cells under hypoxia than in the tumor cells investigated (P < 0.05). The presented data support the concept that in cervical cancer non-neoplastic fibroblasts could play a pivotal role in the complex process of tumor angiogenesis.

Cell Division↗
PubMed2006

[Methylation status of FHIT gene in plasma and expression of FHIT gene in cancer tissue of cervical cancer patients].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the methylation status of 5' CpG island of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene in plasma and the expression of FHIT protein in cancer tissue of cervical cancer patients. METHODS: Methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) was employed to examine methylation of FHIT gene in 151 plasma samples before treatment. The immunohistochemistry was used to the expression of FHIT protein in cancer tissues. RESULTS: CpG island methylation of FHIT was detected in 31.13% of plasma samples. The expression of FHIT protein was decreased or discarded in 59.60% of cervical cancer tissues. Among them 47.78% was included in methylation positive samples. CONCLUSION: CpG island methylation of FHIT gene in plasma plays an important role on cervical cancer, which results in decreased expression of FHIT protein. It can be used to diagnose and evaluate the effect of treatment to cervical cancers.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
PubMed1994

Precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions: the multicultural "male" risk factor.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To review current knowledge regarding characteristics of males whose partners develop cervical cancer. DATA SOURCES: Classic and current descriptive, cohort, and case-control studies of "male factors" associated with risk of precancerous squamous cell intraepithelial lesions and invasive cervical cancer. DATA SYNTHESIS: Male hygiene sperm and seminal fluids, occupational exposure to carcinogens, smoking, promiscuity, and venereal infections have been linked to increased risks for developing cervical cancer in a number of studies. Results vary from culture to culture. CONCLUSIONS: Areas of strongest association that can be targeted for prevention programs include male history of genital warts, poor hygiene, smoking, high numbers of sexual partners, and infrequent practice of safe sexual behaviors. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Establishment of prevention programs predicated on reducing male factors known to increase risk, encouraging screening of high-risk populations, and using patient education to reduce the practice of high-risk sexual behaviors are called for.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum levels of angiogenin (ANG) in invasive cervical cancer and in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

BACKGROUND: The propensity of malignant tumors to increase in size, to invade locally and to metastasize is dependent on angiogenesis, which is induced by a variety of proteins including the family of fibroblast growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenin (ANG). The aim of the present study was to measure the serum levels of ANG in patients with CIN and invasive cervical cancer and to evaluate a possible correlation between ANG and various clinicopathologic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood was collected from 62 patients with invasive cervical cancer and 47 patients with CIN. Serum samples of 30 age-matched healthy women acting as a control group were obtained. Determination of serum levels of ANG was performed using a quantitative human ANG immunoassay. RESULTS: The overall median ANG serum level was 272.0 pg/ml (range 101.6-869.2). The median serum levels of ANG were 248.9 (range 101.6-307.2) for healthy female controls, 246.8 (range 169.7-468.1) for patients with CIN and 308.1 pg/ml (range 180.1-869.2) for patients with invasive cervical cancer. Serum levels of ANG were significantly elevated in patients with invasive cervical cancer compared with patients with CIN (p < 0.05) as well as healthy female controls (p < 0.05). No difference was found between ANG serum levels in women with CIN, and healthy controls (p < 0.05). No correlations were found between serum levels of ANG and clinico-pathologic parameters (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate the important role of ANG in tumor angiogenesis in invasive cervical cancer as ANG serum levels were significantly elevated in these patients. However, elevated ANG serum levels seem to occur only after the transformation from pre-invasive to invasive lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

A simulation approach for estimating the loss of womanyears due to cervical cancer and probability of developing cervical cancer.

Using a simulation approach, the number of womanyears that can be saved by preventing cancer of the uterine cervix was estimated. Probabilities of developing cervical cancer in the lifetime were also estimated. The number of years saved varied from 42 in the women aged between 20 and 24 years to 2 years in women aged 70 years and above. Probabilities of developing cervical cancer in the lifetime varied from 5.2% in women aged between 20 and 24 years to 0.6% in women aged 70 years and above. The results indicate that a noticeable incidence starts only after 35 years of age and about 90% of the total years can be saved by preventing the disease in women aged between 35 and 64 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Late phase II trial of oral etoposide administered for 21 consecutive days in patients with cervical cancer. ETP 21 Study Group--Cervical Cancer Group].

We conducted a multi-site late phase II trial of oral etoposide administered for 21 consecutive days in patients with cervical cancer in cooperation with 32 institutes. Fifty mg/body of oral etoposide was administered daily for 21 consecutive days. Treatment cycles were to be repeated at 4- to 5-week intervals. Eighty patients were enrolled and 70 patients were evaluated. The overall response rate (95% CI), including one complete response patient and 18 partial response patients, was 27.1% (19/70). The most commonly observed toxicity was myelosuppression such as leukopenia, neutropenia, hemoglobin decrease and thrombocytopenia. Other adverse effects were gastrointestinal toxicities such as anorexia, nausea, stomatitis and vomiting, as well as fatigue and alopecia. These adverse effects were well tolerated and controlled with medications. From these results we concluded oral etoposide administered for 21 consecutive days was an effective drug against cervical cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗