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PubMedDate not supplied

[Correlation between the head shaking test, the test for the detection of nystagmus of cervical origin and caloric test (author's transl)].

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Adult↗

PubMed1984

Absolute versus relative evaluation of the caloric test results.

A comparative study of clinical cases elucidates the value of "relative" and "absolute" evaluation of the caloric test results, using both parameters slow phase velocity (SPV) and frequency. It is shown that combining both techniques of evaluation, using both parameters, contributes to obtain more nuanced dysfunction patterns. Unilateral peripheral vestibular hypofunction can only be evaluated by using SPV in a relative way according to the formula of Jongkees. Absolute evaluation by both parameters provides indications for central components.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Monothermal air caloric test in children.

We compared the efficacy of bithermal (BAT) and monothermal cold (MCAT) and warm (MWAT) air caloric tests in identifying labyrinthine function anomalies in the child. At first, we established confidence intervals of normality for both monothermal tests in 40 children (22 males, 18 females) aged 6-14 years, clinically healthy and normal as previously shown by BAT. Subsequently, we compared the results of BAT with those of MCAT and MWAT performed in 46 children (22 males, 24 females) aged 6-14 years, affected by multiple labyrinthine diseases. These results confirmed that, as in the adult, MCAT alone should not be used in the evaluation of labyrinthine function in vertiginous patients. As to MWAT, we obtained good sensitivity and specificity with respect to BAT (83% and 90% for 90% probability; 78% and 92.5% for 95% probability). Sensitivity values increased or decreased depending on the disease causing vertiginous symptoms, with decreased or increased number of false negatives. In our opinion, MWAT cannot replace BAT for the study of labyrinthine function in children. MWAT alone can be used when vertigo is ascribable to vestibular neuritis or to endogenous disease (dysmetabolic, dyscrasic, dysendocrine).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Caloric tests on platform: "paradoxical responsiveness".

This paper deals with the abnormal responsiveness of the paradoxical stabilizing type (SR) occurring after caloric tests (CALT) performed on a passive force platform. The normal response after CALT (cold/warm, monaurally performed) consists of transient ataxia and body sway towards the side of the nystagmic slow phase induced by a similar CALT. Quantitatively the vestibular responsiveness to CALT is defined as the quotient of lengths QL calculated with measures of recordings after CALT (cold and warm responses averaged) versus recordings at rest. A normal vestibular responsiveness is defined as 1.5 < QL < 2.5; a vestibular lesion corresponds to QL around 1.0 (0.8-1.2); the paradoxical stabilizing responsiveness SR-CALT corresponds to QL < 0.65 and represents a particular type of lesional response. We observed SR-CALT in 23 patients from a total of 135 patients with similar lesions (SR excepted) after CALT at the vestibulo-ocular and vestibulo-spinal levels. SR-CALT appeared unilaterally in 11 patients, bilaterally in 12 patients. About half of the patients were followed up (1-4 years) and later exhibited total lesions but no more SR-type responses. All the patients had chronic- or bilateral vestibular lesions, with acute worsening of vertigo complaints and a spell-like lesional evolutivity, due to Meniére's disease or evolutive lesions of diverse origin. Additionally other tests, particularly those involving the neck-vestibular interactions, could induce SR-type responses in these patients. The significance of SR-CALT is discussed and we hypothesize that SR possibly represents a particular kind of vestibular "decompensation" at the vestibulospinal level in cases of chronic but recent evolutive vestibular lesion.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Evaluation of vertical semicircular canal function by the caloric test--a study on patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

The morbidity of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) was investigated from the functional standpoint by analyzing nystagmus elicited by the caloric test. As a result of an investigation of the three (horizontal, vertical and torsional) components of the nystagmus elicited by the caloric stimulus (cold water), the vertical nystagmus differed in direction between the left and the right ear in 3 out of the 4 BPPV cases. The vertical nystagmus elicited by the caloric stimulus reflected the functions of the anterior and posterior semicircular canals, and investigation of the difference in function between the anterior and posterior semicircular canal from the direction of the vertical nystagmus appeared to be feasible.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Extended caloric tests.

The standard ABB remains the most popular test of vestibular function. The use of air caloric irrigations or the closed loop water system seem to be scientifically sound alternatives to the use of open water irrigation. Although controversy still surrounds the use of monothermal warm calorics as a screening test, several studies have shown its reliability. The Torok monothermal differential caloric test seems to be a good alternative to the ABB, but more studies need to be done showing its results in other hands. Some of the other tests mentioned in this report may be helpful as ancillary tests for use in patients in whom the standard tests produce inconsistent findings.

Air↗

PubMed1989

[Value of the Torok caloric test in the diagnosis of lesions of the cerebellar hemispheres].

The investigations were carried out in 53 patients with the hemispheric cerebellar lesions by means of the Torok monotermic caloric test. Vestibular decruitment type I and II according to Torok were found in 69.8% of cases. There was no hyperreaction. The lateralization of vestibular decruitment depended from the direction of spontaneous and positional nystagmus.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Factors contributing to variability of caloric test scores.

Data were analyzed from 30 healthy male subjects, examined on three successive days with caloric, rotatory, optokinetic, gait and posture tests. Data were also analyzed from 11 additional test sessions performed on 10 of these subjects. A short-acting caloric test was used and nystagmus intensity was measured by means of an interactive computerized technique. Large inter-individual differences were noted for all test results and these differences remained consistent as tests were repeated. Factors which may contribute to inter- and intra-subject variability of caloric test scores are identified and discussed.

Body Temperature↗

PubMed1981

Normal vestibular responses to air caloric tests in children.

One hundred and forty normal children, divided into four age-groups (2-3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-10 years old) have been submitted to a vestibular examination by caloric tests with air, and the responses were recorded. This technique is sure and easily reproducible. Frequency of nystagmus, and maximum eye speed in slow phase of nystagmus (M.E.S.) were examined during 30 sec after caloric stimulation. Frequency of nystagmus increases, and M.E.S. decreases as the children become older. A significant difference between the 2-3 and 4-5 year old groups is also noticed. Normal variations are fixed for each age group. A quantitative relation between frequency, M.E.S. and height is established.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Age-related changes in human vestibulo-ocular reflexes: sinusoidal rotation and caloric tests.

The dynamic response properties of horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) were characterized in 216 human subjects ranging in age from 7 to 81 y. The effects of aging on VOR dynamics and parameter distributions that describe VOR responses to caloric and to sinusoidal rotational stimuli were determined in a putatively normal population. Caloric test parameters showed no consistent trend with age. Rotation test parameters showed declining response amplitude and slightly less compensatory response phase with increasing age. The magnitudes of these changes were not large relative to the variability within the population. The age-related trends in VOR were not consistent with the anatomic changes in the periphery reported by others that showed an increasing rate of peripheral hair cell and nerve fiber loss in subjects over 55 y. The poor correlation between physiological and anatomical data suggest that adaptive mechanisms in the central nervous system are important in maintaining the VOR.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Clinical experience with a short-acting caloric test.

The prolonged labyrinthine stimulation produced by the conventional caloric irrigation is uncomfortable and fatiguing to patients and necessitates an undesirable waiting period between applications of the test. The present report describes the use of a short-acting caloric test, and an analysis of all available data on 100 consecutive patients evaluated with this procedure. Because the labyrinthine stimulus produced by the new method is short-acting and because the stimulus was applied at reduced intensity in patients who were more sensitive, the new procedure was well tolerated even when five or more irrigations were used. It was found convenient to repeat irrigations when results were uncertain, thereby ensuring a more reliable assessment of vestibular function.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1957