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PubMed2002

Use of cabergoline to treat primary and secondary anestrus in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether cabergoline would be safe and effective for induction of estrus in dogs with primary or secondary anestrus. DESIGN: Prospective case series. ANIMALS: 6 privately owned otherwise healthy pure-bred dogs with primary or secondary anestrus. PROCEDURE: Dogs were treated with cabergoline (5 microg/kg [2.3 microg/lb], p.o., q 24 h) until 2 days after the onset of proestrus. Follicular development was assessed by means of cytologic examination of vaginal smears; ovulation was assessed by measuring serum progesterone concentration 3 weeks after the onset of estrus. Five bitches were mated during behavioral estrus. RESULTS: All dogs had normal estrus periods, and all 5 dogs that were mated whelped normal litters. Mean duration of cabergoline treatment was 16 days. None of the dogs had any adverse effects associated with cabergoline administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that administration of cabergoline is safe and effective for treatment for primary and secondary anestrus in dogs.

Anestrus↗
PubMed2003

The assessment of cabergoline efficacy and tolerability in patients with pituitary prolactinoma type.

Prolactinoma is the most frequent type of secreting pituitary tumours. In the treatment, pharmacotherapy with dopamine agonists is considered the first-line option. For many years bromocriptine, a D1 and D2 dopamine receptor agonist, has been the standard medicine for hyperprolactinemic patients. However, the treatment is frequently associated with intolerance or resistance. Recently cabergoline, a long acting, ergoline-derived, selective D2 agonist has become available and has been promoted as the initial treatment. Therefore the object of four studies was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of cabergoline in patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. 17 patients, 13 women at the age of 21-55 years (average 37.1) and 4 men at the age of 29-45 years (average 36.3), with pathological hyperprolactinemia due to pituitary tumours were involved in the study. In all patients the increased pretreatment concentration of PRL was observed, ranging from 1047 to 1678 mlU/ml (mean 1369 mlU/ml). MRI scans revealed microprolactinomas in 11 (64.7%) cases and macroadenomas in 6 (35.3%) cases. None of the patients had previously undergone pituitary surgery and all of them were newly diagnosed, previously untreated. The patients were treated with cabergoline for 6 months. Cabergoline therapy was started at a dose of 0.5 mg twice a week for the first two months, then the dose was decreased to a 0.25 mg twice a week and finally maintained at 0.25 mg a week. After 6 months of the therapy, the normalization of serum PRL concentrations (from mean 1358 mlU/ml to mean 420 mlU/ml; p < 0.001) was achieved in 13 (76.5%) patients (8 with microprolactinoma and 5 with macroprolactinoma). In the remaining 4 patients PRL levels remained elevated but were decreased from mean 1403 mIU/ml to mean 812 mIU/ml. There were no differences, regarding CAB efficacy in lowering PRL levels, between patients with micro- and macroadenomas (p > 0.05). About 90% women resumed menstrual cycles in our study. All the other clinical pretreatment symptoms disappear in the course of the therapy. The tumour shrinkage, confirmed by control MRI was noted in 2 patients (33%) with macroprolactinoma. Cabergoline was tolerated satisfactorily by all our patients. The results have confirmed a high efficacy and a very good tolerability of CAB in the treatment of patients with pituitary adenomas. Together with a very convenient administration, such therapy can provide a very good patient compliance thus should be considered the first line option in patients with prolactinomas.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biological response modifiers of cancer-related neuroendocrine disorders: efficacy of the long-term dopaminergic agonist cabergoline in the treatment of breast cancer-induced hyperprolactinemia.

The evaluation of the biological status of cancer patients should not be limited only to investigation of immune reactivity, but should also include analysis of the endocrine condition, namely concerning those hormones which have appeared to be tumor growth factors, such as prolactin (PRL) for breast and prostate carcinomas. This statement is justified by the fact that the evidence of abnormally high serum concentrations of PRL has been proven to be associated with poor prognosis in breast and prostate cancer patients. Moreover, since hyperprolactinemia negatively influences the efficacy of anticancer therapies in breast cancer, it could be fundamental to achieve a normalization of PRL levels by long-acting dopaminergic agents, such as cabergoline. On this basis, a study was planned to evaluate the effect of cabergoline on PRL levels in hyperprolactinemic metastatic breast cancer subjects. The study included 20 hyperprolactinemic metastatic breast cancer subjects, who were randomized to receive no therapy or cabergoline at 0.5 mg/week orally for 4 consecutive weeks. Cabergoline therapy induced a normalization in all patients, whereas no spontaneous normalization of PRL levels occured in the control group. These results show that a weekly oral administration of the long-acting dopaminergic agent cabergoline is a well tolerated and effective treatment of metastatic breast cancer-related hyperprolactinemia. The possible prognostic impact of PRL normalization needs to be established by successive studies.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Successful therapy for a mixed thyrotropin-and prolactin-secreting pituitary macroadenoma with cabergoline.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the first case of a mixed thyrotropin (TSH)- and prolactin-secreting pituitary macroadenoma that responded to therapy with cabergoline. METHODS: We present a case report with clinical, laboratory, and radiologic details. RESULTS: An 84-year-old woman with central hyperthyroidism due to a mixed TSH- and prolactin-secreting pituitary macroadenoma was successfully treated with orally administered cabergoline, 0.25 mg twice per week. Serial assays of thyroid and pituitary hormones were done, and magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary was performed before and 16 weeks after initiation of cabergoline therapy. The patient had complete resolution of the increased pituitary hormone indices within 6 weeks after implementation of therapy, and these results were sustained for more than 16 weeks. A magnetic resonance imaging scan showed no change in tumor size at 16 weeks of therapy. CONCLUSION: When medical treatment of TSH-secreting tumors is considered, choices of efficacious drugs are limited. To our knowledge, this report describes the first case of a long-acting dopamine agonist used successfully to control hypersecretion of a mixed TSH- and prolactin-secreting macroadenoma. Oral administration of cabergoline twice a week was effective, convenient, and well tolerated. Further evaluation of cabergoline, when indicated as medical therapy for TSH-secreting tumors, is warranted.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Cabergoline and hyperprolactinaemia: new preparation. Better than bromocriptine.

(1) Cabergoline, a dopamine agonist already marketed in about 40 countries, is indicated in France for the treatment of hyperprolactinaemia (idiopathic or caused by a pituitary microadenoma). The reference drug in this setting is bromocriptine. (2) The clinical file on cabergoline is methodologically sound, albeit limited mainly to women with amenorrhoea. (3) Two partially blinded comparative trials have shown that cabergoline is significantly more effective than bromocriptine in restarting ovulatory cycles with menstruation. (4) In these trials the incidence of nausea was significantly lower on cabergoline than on bromocriptine. Other adverse events seem to be equally frequent with the two drugs. (5) Cabergoline is effective when taken once or twice a week, while bromocriptine needs to be taken several times a day.

Bromocriptine↗
PubMed1996

Cabergoline in Parkinson's disease complicated by motor fluctuations.

Cabergoline is a long-acting D2 dopamine (DA) agonist. We conducted an open study to investigate the effectiveness and tolerability of cabergoline, administered once a day orally, in 50 consecutive patients with Parkinson's disease complicated by motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. In 15 patients cabergoline replaced another direct DA agonist. Evaluation after 6 months of treatment (also including patients who dropped out during this period), showed an improvement in off or on hours, or both, in excess of 50% in 27 patients, comprising 20 of the 35 patients (57%) previously untreated with DA agonists and seven of the 15 patients (47%) already on DA agonists when the study began. Of the 22 patients who received the treatment for 1 year, the improvement was maintained up to final evaluation in the patients not on DA agonists at admission (n = 16), whereas a slight deterioration in clinical condition was observed in the patients already on DA agonists at admission (n = 6). Only six patients showed a detectable increase in dyskinesias. The most common side effects were gastric upset (n = 12), orthostatic hypotension (n = 3), and ankle edema (n = 3), all mild; also observed were two cases of pleural effusion/pulmonary fibrosis. Twenty patients (40%) failed to complete the treatment; of these, five (10% of total) dropped out because of adverse effects. It is concluded that once-daily administrations of cabergoline are useful for treating patients with Parkinson's disease with motor fluctuations and may advantageously substitute other DA agonists. The side effects of the drug are generally mild, although two cases involving pleuropulmonary complications did emerge.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Accurate mass measurement at enhanced mass-resolution on a triple quadrupole mass-spectrometer for the identification of a reaction impurity and collisionally-induced fragment ions of cabergoline.

In this study, accurate mass measurements were made by electrospray ionization (ESI) on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in enhanced mass-resolution mode (peak width = 0.1 u FWMH), to give qualitative information relating to the pharmaceutical, cabergoline. Accurate mass determinations by ESI-MS were performed on a protonated impurity formed during cabergoline storage. The accurate mass measurement resulted in only one proposed elemental composition for the impurity, using reasonable elemental limits and mass tolerance for the calculation. This information was sufficient to propose a structure for the impurity where ESI-MS/MS proved consistent. The difference between the accurate mass measurement and the exact mass calculated for the proposed structure was 0.8 mmu, with a standard deviation of 0.7 mmu for replicate accurate mass determinations. Accurate mass determinations in ESI-MS/MS provided information on cabergoline fragment ions formed through collisionally-induced dissociation. Since the potential formation of isobaric ions exists for two major cabergoline fragment ions, accurate mass measurement allowed for the determination of the most probable fragment ion structures. The differences between the accurate mass measurements and exact masses calculated for the proposed fragment ions were 1.9 and 2.1 mmu, with standard deviations of 0.4 and 0.8 mmu, respectively, for replicate determinations.

Cabergoline↗
PubMed2006

TMS-assisted neurophysiological profiling of the dopamine receptor agonist cabergoline in human motor cortex.

Dopamine plays a broad role in motor control and practice-dependent plasticity. Here we tested, in eight healthy subjects, the effects of the dopamine receptor agonist cabergoline on motor cortical excitability because the state of motor cortex can strongly influence practice-dependent plasticity. Cabergoline enhances practice-dependent plasticity but the mechanisms are unknown. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation for testing of motor cortical excitability. A single dose of 2 mg of cabergoline increased short-interval intracortical inhibition, a measure of excitability of GABA-dependent inhibitory neural circuits, and decreased various excitatory measures (motor evoked potential amplitude and short-interval intracortical facilitation). Other measures of motor cortical (motor threshold, cortical silent period duration), spinal (peripheral silent period duration, F-wave) and neuromuscular excitability (maximum M-wave) remained unchanged. This shift in the balance from excitation to inhibition may assist, by improving the 'signal-to-noise ratio' in motor cortex, in the positive modulating effect of cabergoline on practice-dependent plasticity.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Cabergoline decreases somatotroph adenoma size: a case report.

Dopamine agonists have been shown to reduce growth hormone secretion in some patients with acromegaly, but their effect on adenoma size has not been well appreciated. We describe a 69 year-old woman with acromegaly caused by a somatotroph macroadenoma who received primary treatment with the dopamine agonist cabergoline. Two months after beginning cabergoline, she experienced soft tissue regression and normalization of the serum IGF-1 concentration that persisted for the remainder of the 25 months of observation. By 13 months, the volume of the adenoma by MRI was 28% of its pretreatment size, and by 25 months it was 24%. This case demonstrates that when cabergoline decreases substantially the serum IGF-1 concentration of a patient with a somatotroph macroadenoma, the adenoma size may also decrease substantially. This demonstration, plus the ease of oral administration, suggests that it would be worthwhile to study systematically the effect of cabergoline on the size of somatotroph macroadenomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1996

Cabergoline, a long-acting dopamine D2-like receptor agonist, produces a sustained antiparkinsonian effect with transient dyskinesias in parkinsonian drug-naive primates.

Continuous dopaminergic receptor stimulation is now considered as an interesting approach for the control of motor complications often seen in parkinsonian patients treated chronically with levodopa. Cabergoline, which is a long-acting dopamine D2-like receptor agonist, has been tried recently with good results as an adjunct in patients already on levodopa-therapy. Thus, the present study was designed to test the effects of repeated s.c. administration of cabergoline as sole therapeutic agent during a month in 3 drug-naive MPTP parkinsonian monkeys to see whether or not cabergoline, given every other day at 0.25 mg/kg, would have a sustained antiparkinsonian effect and would induce dyskinesias. The animals were rated to quantify the antiparkinsonian as well as the dyskinetic response and gross locomotor activity was monitored by photocells. The averaged locomotor response, initially greatly increased (approximately 9 times higher than after saline treatment in the same animals), decreased by approximately 50% after 2 weeks but was thereafter maintained at this level until the end of the study. The parkinsonian features were improved in a sustained manner in all monkeys and transient dyskinesias (week 1 and 2) were present in 2 of 3 monkeys. After sacrifice receptor binding assays were performed on striatal and pallidal tissues homogenates with tritiated selective ligands and compared with those of 3 normal and 3 MPTP-exposed monkeys otherwise untreated. A significant decrease in dopamine D2-like receptor density in the putamen (-36% on average vs. untreated MPTP-exposed monkeys) may be involved in the behavioral partial tolerance to antiparkinsonian effect of cabergoline and the disappearance of dyskinesias. A reversal of the supersensitivity of GABAA receptor in the internal segment of the globus pallidus (-15% on average vs. untreated MPTP-exposed monkeys) may also be implicated in this latter behavioral effect.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Effectiveness of treating ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome with cabergoline in two patients with gonadotropin-producing pituitary adenomas.

OBJECTIVE: To report the effect of cabergoline on ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome associated with gonadotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Outpatient practice. PATIENT(S): Two women with menstrual irregularity, enlarged ovaries, high E(2), and normal gonadotropin levels. INTERVENTION(S): Cabergoline treatment and transsphenoidal surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Estradiol levels, transvaginal ultrasonography, and pituitary magnetic resonance imaging. Transsphenoidal surgery showed pituitary adenoma staining for LH in both patients. RESULT(S): Cabergoline was effective in reducing E(2) levels and decreasing ovarian size but ineffective in shrinking the pituitary adenomas. CONCLUSION(S): This is the first description of the effectiveness of cabergoline as the primary treatment of spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in patients with gonadotropin-producing pituitary adenomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2005

Dopamine agonist cabergoline inhibits levodopa-induced caspase activation in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice.

Levodopa therapy is the gold standard for symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), but levodopa and/or dopamine (DA)-induced neurotoxicity have been reported in both in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. To clarify the beneficial effects of combining DA agonists with levodopa in PD, the present study examines the effects of cabergoline, a DA agonist, on the levodopa-induced abnormal increase of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and caspase activities in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned mice. Daily treatments of levodopa/carbidopa for 7 days beginning at 1 day after 6-OHDA i.c.v. injection increased striatal DA levels and glutathione (GSH) contents. Furthermore, a high dose of levodopa/carbidopa (50/12.5 mg/kg) enhanced LPO and caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities in 6-OHDA-lesioned mouse brain. However, when levodopa/carbidopa (50/12.5 mg/kg) was combined with cabergoline (0.25 mg/kg), the effect reduced levodopa's enhancement of caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities in the 6-OHDA-lesioned mouse brain. In addition, the GSH-increasing effect of the combined cabergoline and levodopa/carbidopa treatment was stronger than that of the levodopa/carbidopa mono-treatment. Moreover, cabergoline prevented levodopa-induced abnormal increases of LPO in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice. These results indicate that such prevention is attributable mainly to the increase in GSH content and to the inhibition of caspase activities in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed2005

Effects of the dopamine agonist cabergoline on the pulsatile and TRH-induced secretion of prolactin, LH, and testosterone in male beagle dogs.

In the present study, the pulsatile serum profiles of prolactin, LH and testosterone were investigated in eight clinically healthy fertile male beagles of one to six years of age. Serum hormone concentrations were determined in blood samples collected at 15 min intervals over a period of 6 h before (control) and six days before the end of a four weeks treatment with the dopamine agonist cabergoline (5 microg kg(-1) bodyweight/day). In addition, the effect of cabergoline administration was investigated on thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-induced changes in the serum concentrations of these hormones. In all eight dogs, the serum prolactin concentrations (mean 3.0 +/- 0.3 ng ml(-1)) were on a relatively constant level not showing any pulsatility, while the secretion patterns of LH and testosterone were characterised by several hormone pulses. Cabergoline administration caused a minor but significant reduction of the mean prolactin concentration (2.9 +/- 0.2 ng ml(-1), p < 0.05) and did not affect the secretion of LH (mean 4.6 +/- 1.3 ng ml(-1) versus 4.4 +/- 1.7 ng ml(-1)) or testosterone (2.5 +/- 0.9 ng ml(-1) versus 2.4 +/- 1.2 ng ml(-1)). Under control conditions, a significant prolactin release was induced by intravenous TRH administration (before TRH: 3.8 +/- 0.9 ng ml(-1), 20 min after TRH: 9.1 +/- 5.9 ng ml(-1)) demonstrating the role of TRH as potent prolactin releasing factor. This prolactin increase was almost completely suppressed under cabergoline medication (before TRH: 3.0 +/- 0.2 ng ml(-1), 20 min after TRH: 3.3 +/- 0.5 ng ml(-1)). The concentrations of LH and testosterone were not affected by TRH administration. The results of these studies suggest that dopamine agonists mainly affect suprabasal secretion of prolactin in the dog.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

The effect of administering a dopamine agonist (Cabergoline) on follicular and luteal development during pro-estrus and estrus in the female greyhound.

To study the effect of the dopamine agonist Cabergoline, on ovarian activity in the female dog during pro-estrus and estrus, 6 greyhounds were treated with 5 microg/kg per os of Cabergoline for 20 days beginning on the first day of pro-estrus; 6 animals were left untreated (controls). Ovarian morphology was determined by ultrasound examination once a day during pro-estrus and twice a day during estrus. Follicles were divided into three classes on the basis of their diameter: F1 (<3mm), F2 (3-6mm) and F3 (>6mm). The presence and diameters of post-ovulatory follicles (F-POST) and corpora lutea (CL) were also recorded. Blood samples were taken once a day during pro-estrus and twice a day during estrus. The plasma was assayed for LH, prolactin and progesterone by radioimmunoassay. There were no differences between Cabergoline-treated and control dogs in the duration of pro-estrus or estrus. There was a progressive increase in follicle diameter from the start of pro-estrus when follicles were mainly class F1 to the day of estrus when follicles were mainly class F3. Three days after the start of estrus, the first F-POST follicles were detected. This pattern of development continued and on day 5 the first CLs were detected. By day 9, only CLs were detected. The peak of pre-ovulatory LH was within 3 days of estrus and ovulation was detected in all animals within 3 days of the LH peak. There were no differences in LH concentrations between groups. Plasma prolactin levels varied between animals and were reduced in treated dogs, however, this was not statistically significant (P=0.12). Plasma progesterone levels were below 1.0 ng/ml before the LH surge and thereafter gradually increased. There were no differences in plasma progesterone concentrations between treated and control dogs. In conclusion these results show that the administration of the dopamine agonist Cabergoline during pro-estrus and estrus did not affect the duration of pro-estrus or estrus or the pattern of follicular and luteal development in female dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Use of cabergoline in persisting Cushing's disease].

Cabergoline is a dopaminergic agonist with demonstrated efficiency of for the treatment of prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors. It has also been reported effective for patients with hypercortisolism uncontrolled by conventional therapies. We describe the use of cabergoline in three patients with Cushing's disease, one of them presenting a silent ACTH-secreting pituitary tumor. Those patients underwent surgery and only one has been treated with radiation therapy. However persisting hypercortisolism motivated the use of cabergoline. We describe a decrease or a normalization in hypercortisolism; for one of the subjects, tumor growth seemed to be stopped. While cabergoline can induce a suppression of cortisol secretion or a corticotroph tumor shrinkage, the sites of action remain unclear.

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction↗
PubMed1996

Vaginal cabergoline in the treatment of hyperprolactinemic patients intolerant to oral dopaminergics.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of vaginal cabergoline in hyperprolactinemic patients intolerant to oral dopaminergics. DESIGN: Case reports. SETTING: University hospital endocrinological outpatient clinic. PATIENTS: A 35-year-old primipara woman with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and a 22-year-old female with primary amenorrhea harboring macroprolactinoma. INTERVENTIONS: Treatment with vaginal cabergoline (0.5 mg two and five times a week). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The serum PRL levels and side effects were assessed before and during treatment. RESULTS: A single vaginal dose of 0.5 mg cabergoline reduced serum PRL levels by approximately 50% to 85% of basal values over a period of 4 to 5 hours. In the patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia, serum PRL levels normalized during long-term treatment, whereas in the one with macroprolactinoma they remained above the normal values (79 ng/mL [conversion factor to SI unit, 3.180]) despite resumption of menses and marked tumor shrinkage (70% reduction). No side effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal cabergoline is a safe and effective method of therapy for hyperprolactinemia and it avoids the adverse events of oral administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effect of chronic administration of cabergoline on uterine perfusion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To confirm whether patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a reduction in uterine perfusion and to verify whether chronic administration of cabergoline can decrease this high vascular resistance. DESIGN: Prospective randomized trial. SETTING: Endocrinological Centre of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. PATIENT(S): Thirty patients were enrolled in the study: 20 affected by PCOS and 10 healthy controls. Patients with PCOS were randomly assigned to one of two treatments for 3 months: oral administration of cabergoline (0.5 mg) every week or oral administration of placebo every week. INTERVENTION(S): All patients underwent transvaginal ultrasonography associated with Doppler flow measurement of the uterine artery, and serum hormone concentrations were determined during the early follicular phase. In women with PCOS, Doppler flow measurement and hormonal assessment were repeated in the early follicular phase of the third month of treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pulsatility index of the uterine artery before and during treatment. RESULT(S): The mean pulsatility index of the uterine artery in patients with PCOS was significantly higher than that of the control group (3.29+/-0.5 and 2.01+/-0.2, respectively). Patients with PCOS treated with cabergoline showed a significant increase in uterine perfusion, with a pulsatility index of 3.14+/-0.6 before and 2.39+/-0.5 during the treatment. No difference was found in patients with PCOS treated with placebo. CONCLUSION(S): Patients with PCOS have high resistance in the uterine arteries, but chronic administration of cabergoline can increase uterine perfusion.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

Effects of acute or prolonged administration of cabergoline on parkinsonism induced by MPTP in common marmosets.

The effects of a single treatment or chronic administration of cabergoline (1-[(6-allylergolin-8beta-yl)carbonyl]-1-[3-(dimethylamino)p ropyl]-3-ethyl-urea), a potent, long-lasting dopamine receptor agonist, on parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in common marmosets were studied. The administration of 0.2 mg/kg or a higer dose of cabergoline began to reverse parkinsonism-like symptoms 60 min after a subcutaneous injection, and showed steady and constant effects throughout the observation period. For prolonged administration, 0.2 mg/kg cabergoline was injected daily for 22 consecutive days. Locomotor activity in MPTP-treated animals increased until it reached its peak on the third day, then it gradually decreased. Akinesia scores, rating the quality of movements, were also improved, and the improvement was sustained up to the last day of chronic administration. None of the animals developed abnormal behaviors after either acute or chronic administration. These results suggest that cabergoline has long-acting effects in the marmoset model of parkinsonism, and that it will be a useful agent for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, particularly in cases with fluctuating motor disabilities.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗