Infections in sentinel pigeons by Sindbis and West Nile viruses in South Africa, with observations on Culex (Culex) univittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) attracted to these birds.
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Laboratory observations on the effect of Hepatozoon gracilis on the egg production of the mosquito Cx. (Cx.) pipiens Linneaus under laboratory conditions revealed that H. gracilis infected mosquitoes produced significantly fewer eggs than uninfected ones. The egg production decreased as parasite burdens increased. Reduction in blood meal size in infected females did not reduce fecundity. No size differences was detected between oocyst-infected and uninfected females although sporozoite positive females were significantly large. Preoviposition period was affected significantly, while incubation period and percentage of egg hatching showed no significant changes. The longevity of female infected mosquitoes decreased insignificantly than in uninfected ones.
Laboratory observations revealed that both C. pipiens and C. quinquefasciatus could harbour the parasitic Hepatozoon, while only Cx. pipiens succeeded to induce infection to the recipient lizard Uromastyx microlepis. A significant reduction in egg production together with a significant increase in the pre-oviposition period of C. pipiens was recorded. Incubation period and percentage of egg hatching showed no significant changes. Infection had no effect on the reproductive fitness of C. quinquefasciatus. Haematin excretion was normally distributed for all both species. No size difference was recorded between infected and uninfected ones. Infection did not affect longevity.
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