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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Evaluation of posterior gastropexy for gastroesophageal reflux.

The efficacy of posterior gastropexy as an antireflux procedure and its mechanism of action were studied by manometry and cinefluorography in a canine model. Gastroesophageal incompetence was produced in 13 dogs by dividing the vagi below the diaphragm and displacing the gastroesophageal junction into the chest. Reflux was associated with a decrease in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure measurements and in its response to abdominal compression. Posterior gastropexy done in seven dogs, improved both the resting and compression pressures in the LES, increased the length of the LES, and corrected reflux in five dogs. Replacement of the LES in the abdomen and crural (Allison) repair resulted in a similar increase in LES pressures and restored competence in four of the six animals. Neither procedure was able to restore the LES response to abdominal compression. Posterior gastropexy, like Allison repair, improves LES function by replacing it below the diaphragm, but does not produce a new valve.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Direct method for determining regional myocardial shortening after bypass surgery from radiopaque markers in man.

A new method is described for determining localized epicardial shortening in regions newly perfused after saphenous vein bypass grafting. Four to six radiopaque markers are sutured to the ventricular epicardium in pairs, 2 cm apart and 0 to 3 cm distal to the coronary anastomosis. Shortening fraction and time to onset of shortening are reported in 56 patients examined noninvasively with use of cinefluorography 1 week to 6 months after operation. The right coronary bypass region showed the greatest improvement in shortening fraction in 6 months (from 10.1 to 16.7 percent); the left anterior descending region showed the least (but still significant) improvement (from 8.6 to 11.5 percent). Paradoxical systolic expansion occurred predominantly in the region of the left anterior descending coronary bypass (95 percent of all such occurrences). Measurement error, observer variability and beat to beat variability were less important than the physiologic changes in the postoperative period. This technique is a direct method providing heretofore unavailable follow-up information on localized shortening in newly perfused myocardium after coronary bypass grafting.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effect of proximal selective vagotomy on the canine lower esophageal sphincter.

The effect of proximal selective vagotomy on the lower esophageal sphincter was studied in 13 dogs by manometry and cinefluorography. The studies, done under resting conditions and during abdominal compression, were repeated 8 weeks after proximal selective vagotomy in seven animals and after truncal vagotomy in six animals. Proximal selective vagotomy had no significant effect on the pressures in the lower esophageal sphincter; the resting pressures were 32.1 +/- 4.1 cm H2O before and 28.9 +/- 3.7 after operation, and the pressures on abdominal compression were 50.6 +/- 6.5 and 41.6 +/- 3.8 cm H2O, respectively (p < 0.05). Truncal vagotomy decreased the lower esophageal sphincter pressures at rest from 28.2 +/- 4.0 to 18.0 +/- 2.2 cm H2O (p = 0.1) and those during abdominal compression from 44.7 +/- 5.6 to 15.5 +/- 2.6 cm H2O (p < 0.01). Gastroesophageal reflux was not seen after proximal selective vagotomy but was seen in one animal in the truncal vagotomy group. Since proximal selective vagotomy does not decrease lower esophageal sphincter function, it offers an advantage over truncal vagotomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. The data also indicate that vagal afferents from the proximal stomach are not important in reflex control of lower esophageal sphincter activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Radiology of the Eustachian fossa.

The Eustachian fossa, when visualised in contrast radiography and cinefluorography, shows a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Moreover, the fossa also exhibits varying degrees of changes during swallowing. Brief accounts of the technique of contrast radiography and the appearance of the normal nasopharyngograms are given to facilitate the understanding of the radiological features of the fossa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Articulatory behavior pre and post full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty: a cinefluorographic study.

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveolplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

Alveoloplasty↗
PubMed1981

Articulatory patterns of an adventitiously deaf speaker: implications for the role of auditory information in speech production.

Kinematic analysis of selected articulatory gestures of an adventitiously deaf speaker is reported. High speed cinefluorography and a semiautomated analysis system were used to describe the coordination of lip, jaw, tongue tip, and tongue dorsum. The coordination of voicing and movements also was analyzed. Compared to a speaker with normal hearing, the deaf speaker showed systematic timing differences in the VC (closing) portion of each utterance. Coordination of tongue dorsum with other structures showed obvious deviations. Voice termination was consistently later for the deaf speaker. Speculations about the role of auditory information in the long-term monitoring or calibration of speech gestures are offered.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A cinefluorographic investigation of repeated fluent productions of stutterers in an adaptation procedure.

Cinefluorography was used to study three stutterers and two nonstutterers repeating a passage made up of monosyllables. CVC target words of the form/caet/ were embedded in the passage and were analyzed to determine the effects of repeating the passage on velocities, displacements, and durations of movements of the tongue, jaw, and lower lip. Coordination among the articulators was also assessed. The investigation was undertaken to test the hypothesis that decreases in velocities and displacements, increased movement durations, and decreased latency between the onsets of jaw movements and of tongue tip movements would be associated with the repeated readings. The hypothesis was not supported by the results. A post hoc analysis showed that a decrease in the variability of instantaneous velocities (and by inference a decrease in variation in muscle stiffness) was associated with practice for the three stutterers but not for the nonstutterers. Inferences about the adaptation effect are made related (a) to the stabilization of tonic muscle activity which may be associated with a decrease in arousal, and (b) to the effects of practice.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1985

Relationships between the perception of nasalization and speech movements in speakers with cleft palate.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between several temporal measures of speech movements and perceived nasalization in speakers with cleft palate. Four adult subjects with repaired cleft palate were filmed using high-speed (100 frames/s) cinefluorography as they produced target syllables embedded in a carrier phrase. Perceived nasalization of each extracted acoustic target syllable was rated by 18 trained judges. Movements of the tongue tip, tongue dorsum, jaw, velar knee, velar tip, and posterior pharyngeal wall were plotted over time. Time of movement onsets and movement offsets was identified from the plots. Voice onset and offset times were identified from the synchronized acoustic recordings. The findings indicate that normally expected velopharyngeal movements occurred near the time of jaw-lowering onset during nasalized CVC and CVN productions in two subjects who were judged to exhibit high levels of nasalization. The other two subjects showed no velopharyngeal movements during the CVC production. It is speculated that velopharyngeal movements normally expected in CVC utterances may be avoided by some speakers with cleft palate in order to minimize perceptible nasalization.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of vowel context on the articulatory closure postures of deaf speakers.

Using cinefluorography, this investigation evaluated how the bilabial and dorsal stop closure postures of 2 hearing and 5 deaf speakers varied with vowel context. The jaw and tongue body postures of the hearing and the 2 most intelligible deaf speakers altered with the identity of the following vowel. This did not occur consistently for the remaining deaf speakers. The results concur with a previous suggestion (Tye, Zimmerman, & Kelso, 1983) that some speakers who learn speech without audition may develop a different articulatory coordination than hearing speakers. Discovering these differences may lead to a general account for many of their intelligibility deficits.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1991

The establishment of open articulatory postures by deaf and hearing talkers.

Previous researchers have proposed that prelingually deafened talkers do not displace the tongue body to establish vowel steady-state postures and displace the jaw excessively. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the opening gesture lingual displacement patterns of three deaf and two hearing adult talkers. Cinefluorography and x-ray microbeam data indicated that the deaf subjects displaced their tongue bodies during the opening gestures. However, their glossal movement trajectories were qualitatively dissimilar to those of the hearing subjects. Whereas the hearing subjects moved the tongue differently for different vowel contexts, the deaf subjects had similar trajectories for all contexts. The common trajectories suggest that some deaf talkers contract their tongue muscles such that the tongue body moves similarly for all vowels. The deaf subjects also appeared to have a less flexible tongue body during speech production than the hearing subjects. Means for quantifying and comparing the lingual behaviors of deaf and hearing talkers are considered.

Adult↗