Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CATS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in healthy cats and cats with induced hepatic disease.

Activities of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were determined in healthy cats and in cats before and after treatment: common bile duct ligation, carbon tetrachloride administration, sham surgery, or anesthesia only. Significant (P less than 0.01) increases in serum GGT, ALP, and ALT occurred in cats with ligated bile ducts. Significant (P less than 0.01) increases in serum ALT occurred in carbon tetrachloride-treated cats. Increases of serum GGT, ALP, or ALT were not observed in cats subjected to sham surgery or anesthesia only compared with these cats' baseline values and values in healthy cats. Tissue GGT activity was measured in liver, renal cortex, jejunal mucosa, and bile ducts. There was a 1.5-fold increase in GGT activity in livers of cats with ligated bile ducts, compared with that in livers of healthy cats.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1998

Cervicothalamic tract termination: a reexamination and comparison with the distribution of monoclonal antibody Cat-301 immunoreactivity in the cat.

The distribution of cervicothalamic tract (CTT) terminations, labeled with anterogradely transported tracers (WGA-HRP or biotinylated dextran amine) injected into the lateral cervical nucleus of cats, was compared with the distribution of immunoreactivity for a cell-surface antigen detected with the monoclonal antibody Cat-301. The most abundant CTT termination is present in the ventrobasal complex (VB), mainly in its lateral part (VPL) and only sparsely in its medial part (VPM). In the VPL, the CTT preferentially terminates in a Cat-301-sparse peripheral rim of the nucleus and in between its lateral and medial subdivisions (VPLI and VPLm). CTT terminations are sparse in the central Cat-301-dense parts of the VPL. In the ventral periphery of VB (VBvp), situated in between the VPL/VPM and the external medullary lamina, thin CTT fibers with spaced varicosities is seen among the large fibers of passage. The VBvp is essentially devoid of Cat-301 immunoreactivity. Scattered clusters of CTT termination are also seen caudal and dorsal to the VB in the medial division of the posterior complex (POm), which is virtually devoid of Cat-301 immunoreactivity. In the caudal thalamus, dense and focused CTT termination is present in the medial extension of the magnocellular medial geniculate nucleus (MGmc) but absent from its main lateral part. The termination in the MGmc is centered upon clusters of cells displaying dense Cat-301 immunoreactivity. The present study demonstrates previously unrecognized or unconfirmed CTT terminations in the VPM and in the VBvp, and confirm previously described projections to the VPL, POm and MGmc. The preferential termination of the CTT in the Cat-301-sparse peripheral region of the VPL demonstrates that the CTT is related to a chemically defined VPL compartment. In the light of previous data, this observation suggests that the CTT is related to one or more thalamocortical channels that are partly or completely separate from that (those) activated through the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway. The organization of the thalamocortical channel(s) activated through the CTT remains to be elucidated. In contrast to the termination in the VPL, CTT termination in the medial MGmc is focused to clusters of Cat-301 immunolabeled cells. The significance of this difference between CTT recipient cells in the VPL and in the MGmc is unclear.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Raphe unit activity during REM sleep in normal cats and in pontine lesioned cats displaying REM sleep without atonia.

Previous studies have shown that the activity of serotonin-containing raphe neurons in cats is almost completely suppressed during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, since raphe unit activity is known to be grossly correlated with the level of behavioral arousal or tonic motor activity, this decrease in activity during REM sleep may be simply due to the fact that tonic EMG activity or motoric output is at a minimum. On the other hand, raphe unit activity may be related to the state (i.e. REM sleep) of the organism. To test these competing hypotheses, in the present study we compared raphe unit activity in normal cats with that in cats that display REM sleep without atonia (produced by bilateral lesions of the pontine tegmentum). These lesioned cats manifest episodes which, by all criteria, appear to be REM sleep except that they display overt behavior, presumably because the mechanism normally responsible for producing atonia has been disrupted. Although the activity of raphe neurons in lesioned cats during REM sleep without atonia was significantly below that seen in these cats during waking, the level of activity was often impressive. This is especially true when those animals that displayed the greatest degree of tonic motor activity during REM sleep (group IV animals) are considered separately. In these cats, the depression was only 40.5% below their quiet waking level, whereas in lesioned cats displaying less tonic motor activity (Group II animals), raphe discharge rate was 65.6% below their quiet waking level. The discharge rate of raphe neurons during REM sleep in lesioned cats was more than 6-fold greater than that seen in normal animals. These data, in conjunction with other recent results from our laboratory, suggest that the decrease in raphe unit activity during REM sleep is largely a concomitant of the atonia which characterizes that state. These data are discussed within the general context of the relationship between raphe unit discharge and the activity of central motor systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of cat exposure and cat odors on subsequent amphetamine-induced stereotypy.

The effect of exposure to a cat, as a predatory stressor, was examined in male and female rats during subsequent tests of amphetamine-induced stereotypy in which cat odors were present or absent. Rats in Group C/O were given a 15-min exposure session to a male cat while they were protected in a wire cage. They were then given an IP injection of d-amphetamine (1 mg/kg) and tested 30 min later for stereotypy in the presence of cat odors (soiled cat litter). Rats in Group NC/O were given a no-cat-exposure control session, and amphetamine tested with cat odors. Groups C/NO and NC/NO were both tested without cat odors (fresh litter), with the former group having been previously exposed to a cat. During the 90-min test sessions, female rats showed significantly more stereotypy than males. More importantly, the male subjects in group C/O exhibited significantly more stereotypy than the males in the other groups, and group NC/NO males showed the least amount of stereotypy. These findings clearly indicate that amphetamine reactivity is influenced by prior exposure to a predator, the presence of predatory odors during testing, and the subject's sex.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Determination of the DNA sequences of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase from cat and demonstration of the existence of both in cat plasma.

Cat serum contains 0.5 mg/L of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, EC 3.1.1. 8) and 0.3 mg/L of acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7); this can be compared with 5 mg/mL and < 0.01 mg/L, respectively, in human serum. Cat BChE differed from human BChE in the steady-state turnover of butyrylthiocholine, having a 3-fold higher k(cat) and 2-fold higher K(m) and K(ss) values. Sequencing of the cat BCHE cDNA revealed 70 amino acid differences between cat and human BChE, three of which could account for these kinetic differences. These amino acids, which were located in the region of the active site, were Phe398Ile, Pro285Leu, and Ala277Leu (where the first amino acid was found in human and the second in cat). Sequencing genomic DNA for cat and human ACHE demonstrated that there were 33 amino acid differences between the cat and human AChE enzymes, but that there were no differences in the active site region. In addition, a polymorphism in intron 3 of the human ACHE gene was detected, as well as a silent polymorphism at Y116 of the cat ACHE gene.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1998

Eight-year observation and comparative study of specific pathogen-free cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) subtypes A and B: terminal acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a cat infected with FIV petaluma strain.

Three specific pathogen-free cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) strains Petaluma, TM1 and TM2, respectively were observed for over 8 years. Without showing any significant clinical signs of immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for 8 years and 4 months of asymptomatic phase, the Petaluma-infected cat exhibited severe stomatitis/gingivitis, anorexia, emaciation, hematological and immunological disorders such as severe anemia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and decrease of CD4/CD8 ratio to 0.075, and finally died with hemoperitoneum at 8 years and 8 months post-infection. Histopathological studies revealed that the cat had systemic lymphoid atrophy and bone marrow disorders indicating acute myelocytic leukemia (aleukemic type). Plasma viral titer of the cat at AIDS phase was considerably high and anti-FIV antibody titer was slightly low as compared with the other FIV-infected cats. In addition, immunoblotting analysis using serially collected serum/plasma samples of these cats revealed that antibodies against FIV proteins were induced in all the infected cats, however in the Petaluma-infected cat anti-Gag antibodies disappeared during the asymptomatic period. These results suggested that plasma viral load and anti-FIV Gag antibody response correlated with disease progression, and supported FIV-infected cats as a suitable animal model of human AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Mapping of cat albumin using monoclonal antibodies: identification of determinants common to cat and dog.

Cat and dog albumins from commercial extracts were used to produce monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). Anti-cat albumin MoAb recognized both cat and dog albumin equally, as did anti-dog albumin MoAb; this confirms cross-reactivity between cat and dog. The MoAb were separated into two groups according to their epitopic specificity; they recognized two overlapping epitopes of cat albumin. Furthermore, by competitive inhibition of radio-allergosorbent test (RAST), it was shown that one MoAb group inhibited significantly the binding of human IgE antibodies (from a pool of 13 patients allergic to both cats and dogs) to insolubilized cat or dog extracts. These observations suggest that murine anti-cat or anti-dog MoAb and human IgE antibodies recognize identical or closely related determinants on cat and dog albumin.

Albumins↗
PubMed1997

Risk factors for feline infectious peritonitis among cats in multiple-cat environments with endemic feline enteric coronavirus.

OBJECTIVE: To determine what risk factors, other than genetic predisposition, contribute to the incidence of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in private breeding catteries and animal shelters. DESIGN: Cats from 7 catteries and a shelter were observed monthly for 1 year. At each visit, cats were examined, fecal samples were collected for determination of feline coronavirus shedding, and blood samples were collected for determination of coronavirus antibody titers. Diagnostic tests were performed on all cats that died of FIP. ANIMALS: 275 purebred or random-bred cats that were kept by private breeder-owners in homes. RESULTS: 24 cats died of FIP during the study. Development of FIP was not associated with cattery, mean cat number, mean age, sex, cattery median coronavirus antibody titer, husbandry and quarantine practices, caging and breeding practices, or prevalence of concurrent diseases. However, risk factors for FIP included individual cat age individual cat coronavirus titer, overall frequency of fecal coronarvirus shedding, and the proportion of cats in the cattery that were chronic coronavirus shedders. Deaths from FIP were more frequent in fall and winter, and on the basis of analysis of cattery records, the number of deaths varied yearly. Epidemics (> 10% mortality rate) were reported at least once in 5 years in 4 catteries. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Elimination of FIP from a cattery is only possible by total elimination of endemic feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) infection. The most important procedure to reduce FECV from catteries is elimination of chronic FECV shedders.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Fiber type- and position-dependent expression of a myosin light chain-CAT transgene detected with a novel histochemical stain for CAT.

We recently generated and characterized transgenic mice in which regulatory sequences from a myosin light chain gene (MLC1f/3f) are linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. Transgene expression in these mice is specific to skeletal muscle and graded along the rostrocaudal axis: adult muscles derived from successively more caudal somites express successively higher levels of CAT. To investigate the cellular basis of these patterns of expression, we developed and used a histochemical stain that allows detection of CAT in individual cells. Our main results are as follows: (a) Within muscles, CAT is detected only in muscle fibers and not in associated connective tissue, blood vessels, or nerves. Thus, the tissue specificity of transgene expression observed by biochemical assay reflects a cell-type specificity demonstrable histochemically. (b) Within individual muscles, CAT levels vary with fiber type. Like the endogenous MLC1f/3f gene, the transgene is expressed at higher levels in fast-twitch (type II) than in slow-twitch (type I) muscle fibers. In addition, CAT levels vary among type II fiber subtypes, in the order IIB greater than IIX greater than IIA. (c) Among muscles that are similar in fiber type composition, the average level of CAT per fiber varies with rostrocaudal position. This position-dependent variation in CAT level is apparent even when fibers of a single type are compared. From these results, we conclude that fiber type and position affect CAT expression independently. We therefore infer the existence of separate fiber type-specific and positionally graded transcriptional regulators that act together to determine levels of transgene expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Failure to isolate Helicobacter pylori from stray cats indicates that H. pylori in cats may be an anthroponosis--an animal infection with a human pathogen.

The recent isolation of Helicobacter pylori from cats obtained from a commercial supplier has potentially important public health implications. The present study investigated whether H. pylori infection was common in stray cats. Twenty-five cats were examined for the presence of H. pylori by histological examination, culture and two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Histologically, the gastric biopsy specimens from all cats showed large spiral organisms typical of H. felis and not H. pylori. Samples from 23 cats yielded bacterial growth and two had no growth. Colonies grossly similar to H. pylori were tested for catalase, oxidase, urease and Gram's stain reactions. None was H. pylori. All samples tested as positive by the Helicobacter 16S rRNA genus-specific PCR assay and only six cats and a mouse stomach infected with H. heilmannii gave positive results with the adhesin subunit A (hpaA)-specific PCR assay, which is consistent with either H. pylori or H. heilmannii. The helicobacters identified in these samples by PCR were not cultivable and hence were probably H. heilmannii. H. pylori infection is uncommon in stray cats and owning pet cats should not be a threat to public health in relation to H. pylori infection.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of skin test reactivity to environmental allergens in healthy cats and cats with atopic dermatitis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate skin test reactivity to environmental allergens in healthy cats and in cats with atopic dermatitis (AD). ANIMAL: 10 healthy cats and 10 cats with AD. PROCEDURE: 10 allergens in serial dilutions were injected ID on the lateral aspect of the thorax of sedated cats. Histamine (0.01% solution) and buffer solutions were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Immediately after the last injection, 10% fluorescein solution was administered IV. Skin test results were evaluated with ultraviolet light after 15 to 30 minutes and at 4 and 6 hours by 2 independent observers. In the control group, skin tests were repeated after 6 weeks. Skin test reactivity and the nature of the immunoglobulin involved were investigated by use of the Prausnitz-Küstner test with untreated and heat-treated cat sera. RESULTS: Intertest and interobserver agreement were high when measurement of the diameter of the fluorescent wheal was used to evaluate skin test responses, compared with assessment of its intensity. In both groups of cats, immediate skin test reactivity was observed as an IgE-mediated reaction, as an IgG-mediated reaction, and as a result of nonspecific mast cell degranulation. There was no correlation between allergen concentration and the type of reaction observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Skin test reactivity in cats should be evaluated after IV administration of 10% fluorescein solution by means of a Prausnitz-Küstner test to differentiate among IgE-mediated, IgG-mediated, and nonspecific reactions.

Allergens↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of glucose concentrations in blood samples obtained with a marginal ear vein nick technique versus from a peripheral vein in healthy cats and cats with diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To compare blood glucose (BG) concentrations measured with a portable blood glucose meter in blood samples obtained with a marginal ear vein (MEV) nick technique, from a peripheral venous catheter, and by direct venipuncture in healthy cats and cats with diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 1 0 healthy cats and 11 cats with diabetes mellitus. Procedure-On day 1, blood samples were collected every hour for 10 hours by the MEV nick technique and from a peripheral venous catheter. On day 2, blood samples were collected every hour for 10 hours by the MEV nick technique and by direct venipuncture of the medial saphenous vein. RESULTS: For all cats, mean BG concentration for samples collected by the MEV nick technique was not significantly different from mean concentration for samples obtained from the peripheral venous catheter. For healthy cats, mean BG concentration for samples collected by the MEV nick technique was not significantly different from mean concentration for samples obtained by direct venipuncture. For cats with diabetes mellitus, mean BG concentration for samples collected by the MEV nick technique was significantly different from mean concentration for samples obtained by direct venipuncture; however, for the range of concentrations examined, this difference was not clinically important. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that for the range of concentrations examined, the MEV nick technique is a reasonable alternative to venous blood collection for serial measurement of BG concentrations in cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after administration of iodine contrast medium with the Renalyzer PRX90 in healthy cats and cats with kidney diseases].

In the present study, the measurement of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the cat with the aid of an iodine contrast medium clearance with the renalyzer PRX90 is introduced. Investigations on the accuracy of measurement showed that even repeated measurement of plasma samples after two days of storage at room temperature yielded reproducible clearance results. Also, partial dilution of the plasma sample (2 ml with 1 ml Aqua bidest.) to reduce the volume of blood withdrawn still produced reliable results. Further dilution of the plasma volume (1 ml with 2 ml Aqua bidest.) however did not allow for accurate measurements. A total of 59 cats of different age and sex were included in the study. 31 cats had healthy kidneys with urea and creatinine values within the reference range, unchanged urine findings and physiologic urine protein patterns (SDS-PAGE). These cats served as reference group. The GFR reference value ascertained for these animals was 2.1 ml/min/kg BW (mean = 3.45 ml/min/kg with s = +/- 1.0 ml/min/kg). 28 cats had elevated values of urea and creatinine in the blood, as well as partially changed urine findings. For further diagnosis of renal disease, separation of urine proteins was done with the SDS-PAGE in the PhastSystem, which in all cases yielded a pathologic urine protein pattern. In 11 cases the renal disease could be further confirmed by histological investigation. GFR in these patients was clearly lowered compared with healthy cats, with measured values between 0 and 1.8 ml/min/kg. It can be concluded that the renalyzer allows reliable determination of the GFR also in the cat. To what extent measurement of the GFR is also helpful to diagnose nephropathies in the stage of compensation needs to be further investigated. In cats with high grade uremia and a GFR below 1 ml/min however, an exact calculation is not possible, since the accuracy of measurement within this range is inadequate. Thus, in severe disease no correct assessment is possible, and no statement concerning prognosis can be made.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Monoclonal antibody Cat-301 identifies Y-cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat.

In mammalian visual pathways, information is carried in parallel channels from the retina through the visual thalamus to visual cortex. The cat's visual pathway comprises at least three major channels that begin with the X, Y, and W ganglion cells in the retina. In the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus, neurons in the X, Y, and W channels receive input from their retinal counterparts and can be discriminated from one another on the basis of their anatomical and physiological properties. The search for molecular properties that might correlate with anatomically or physiologically defined classes of neuron has been a major area of research in recent years. Monoclonal antibody Cat-301 recognizes a neuronal surface-associated proteoglycan in many areas of the mammalian central nervous system. In the cat LGN Cat-301 immunoreactivity is restricted to a subset of neurons. We show here that the distribution, size, morphology, and cortical projection pattern of Cat-301-positive LGN neurons match those previously described for Y-cells. Taken together with our previous studies of the development of immunoreactivity and the sensitivity of Cat-301 staining to visual deprivation, these studies suggest that Cat-301 specifically recognizes Y-cells in the cat LGN. These results indicate that neurons within a physiologically and anatomically defined cell class share a molecular property. They further suggest that differences in molecular traits may reflect, and possibly subserve, differences in anatomical and physiological characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Purification and partial characterization of cat pancreatic and urinary kallikreins--comparison with other cat tissue kallikreins and related proteases.

Kallikreins have been purified from cat pancreas and urine by methods similar to those described previously for cat colon and submandibular gland kallikreins. The pancreatic kallikrein (M.W. 41,200, pI 4.75) was similar to the urinary kallikrein (M.W. 34,300 pI 4.35-4.70) in pH optimum, substrate specificity and inhibition profile. Both enzymes were potent kininogenases and immunologically similar. These enzymes closely resembled the kallikreins from cat colon and submandibular glands. A trypsin (M.W. 18,800) was isolated from cat pancreas and shown to be distinct from the group of kallikreins in all parameters tested. We attempted purification of cat renal kallikrein, but were unable to isolate any such enzyme. The major acidic esterase of cat kidney cortex (M.W. 59,000, pI 4.91) was purified and was distinct from both the cat tissue kallikreins and trypsin. The origin of cat urinary kallikrein remains unclear, but in the light of our findings, it may result from renal filtration of blood-borne tissue kallikreins rather than from intrarenal synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Monoclonal antibody Cat-301 selectively identifies a subset of nuclei in the cat's somatosensory thalamus.

Recently it has been demonstrated that the monoclonal antibody Cat-301 is capable of identifying functionally related neurons in the mammalian visual thalamus. We have examined the possibility that this antibody might display a similar capacity in nonvisual thalamic areas. We demonstrate that in the cat's somatosensory thalamus the distribution of Cat-301-positive cells and neuropil is restricted to a subset of nuclei. These include the ventroposterior medial, ventroposterior lateral, and ventroposterior inferior nuclei. Staining with Cat-301 provides a clear visualisation of the entire somatotopic map within these nuclei. The somatosensory sector of the thalamic reticular nucleus and the perireticular nucleus, which may have a somatosensory sector, are also Cat-301-positive. In contrast, cells that do not express the Cat-301 antigen are located in the ventroposterior oralis nucleus, the ventroposterior shell region, the medial and lateral divisions of the posterior nuclear group, and the inner small cell region adjacent to the thalamic reticular nucleus. In comparison with previous physiological studies, cells that express the Cat-301 antigen most likely represent subpopulations in only a few of the somatic submodality-specific groups. These include cells in the small-field and Pacinian cutaneous-responsive groups, excluding cells in the wide-field cutaneous-, muscle-, joint-, and noxious-responsive groups. Taken together these findings indicate that monoclonal antibody Cat-301 is capable of selectively identifying neurons with distinct functional properties in the mammalian somatosensory thalamus.

Animals↗