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PubMed1987

Antenatal booking and perinatal mortality in Scotland 1972-1982.

Data from Scottish maternity hospital discharge returns (SMR2) were analysed to determine the relationship between gestational age at antenatal booking and perinatal mortality during 1972-82, controlling for maternal age, parity, socioeconomic and marital status. Maternal youth, multiparity and unmarried status were independently associated with both a high perinatal mortality and a low proportion of maternities booked before 17 weeks gestation. However, among primiparae and mothers aged 30 years or more relatively high perinatal mortality rates were associated with high proportions booking early for antenatal care. Socioeconomic status amongst married women, independent of age and parity, influenced perinatal mortality but had little effect on booking behaviour. Between 1972-75 and 1980-82, there was a general increase in the proportion of maternities booked before 17 weeks gestation, but no significant difference was found between the standardized perinatal mortality rates for pregnancies booked before and after 17 weeks gestation. More detailed analysis for different gestational ages at booking during 1980-82 revealed no trend of increasing risk with later booking. Despite technological advances, antenatal care during the first half of pregnancy is unlikely to have made a substantial contribution to the fall in perinatal mortality over this period.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Booking patients for hospital admissions: evaluation of a pilot programme for day cases.

PROBLEM: NHS patients requiring elective surgery usually have to wait before being treated and are usually told when a date becomes available. DESIGN: 18 month pilot programme to enable day case patients to book date of hospital admission at time of decision to operate. BACKGROUND AND SETTING: 24 pilot sites in England with relatively short waiting times and some experience of booking appointments. KEY MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT: Proportion of patients with booked or "to come in" date during and after pilot programme, proportion not attending for admission, and proportion waiting > or = 6 months. Comparison of pilot sites with non-pilot sites. STRATEGIES FOR CHANGE: National Patients' Access Team established to help pilot sites enable patients to book admission dates. Provision of 9.9m pounds sterling to pilot sites to employ project managers, purchase equipment, buy extra time from clinical and other staff, and invest in information and communications technology. EFFECTS OF CHANGE: Proportion of patients with booked or "to come in" date increased from 51.1% to 72.7% between end of March 1999 and end of March 2000, and then fell to 66.2% by end of March 2001. Over the same periods, the proportion of patients waiting > or = 6 months fell from 10.9% to 10.5% and then increased to 11.9%. The proportion of patients failing to attend fell from 5.7% to 3.1% between the first quarter of 1999 and the first quarter of 2000, and then increased to 4.0% in the first quarter of 2001. Pilot sites varied widely in performance during and after the pilot phase. Pilot sites had higher proportions of patients with booked or "to come in" date than non-pilot sites at end of each period. LESSONS LEARNT: Increasing the proportion of patients who book their date of hospital admission is possible, but there are difficulties in sustaining this. Several factors facilitated or hindered the implementation of booking, and the roll out of the programme across the NHS is seeking to incorporate these factors.

Day Care, Medical↗
PubMed2002

Violent comic books and judgments of relational aggression.

This study investigated the effects of reading extremely violent versus mildly violent comic books on the interpretation of relational provocation situations. One hundred and seventeen introductory psychology students read either an extremely violent comic book or a mildly violent comic book. After reading the comic books, participants read five hypothetical stories in which a child, caused a relationally aggressive event to occur to another child, but the intent of the provocateur was ambiguous. After each story, participants were asked a series of questions about the provocateur's intent; potential retaliation toward the provocateur; and the provocateur's emotional state. Responses were coded in terms of amount of negative and violent content. Results indicated that participants reading the extremely violent comic books ascribed more hostile intent to the provocateur, suggested more retaliation toward the provocateur, and attributed a more negative emotional state to the provocateur than participants reading the mildly violent comic book. These data suggest that social information processing of relationally aggressive situations is influenced by violent comic books, even if the comic books do not contain themes of relational aggression.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of the Paediatric Standard Treatment Book by clinic and health centre staff.

The study assessed the self-reported frequency and quality of use of the Paediatric Standard Treatment Book by staff in urban clinics and rural health centres. 61 of the 88 nursing officers and 44 of the 89 community health workers in 9 urban and 4 rural health settings completed written questionnaires on their use of the Standard Treatment Book. The survey participants were also assessed on the management of three case scenarios of common clinical conditions. Whilst 69% of the participants reported daily use of the book, only 51% indicated that they always followed the guidelines. Performance in the case scenarios was poor. Although 87% made a correct diagnosis in the most straightforward case, only 38% indicated complete treatment and only 36% indicated complete and correct advice. In two more complex scenarios less than 30% of the participants made correct diagnoses and less than 10% indicated complete treatment and advice. 75% of the study group wanted inservice training on the use of the book; the majority of these said that doctors should give this training. 79% thought that the book could be improved. Many of the participants felt that more topics and more flow charts should be included. Whilst nursing officers and community health workers regard the Standard Treatment Book (STB) as important, many do not make optimal use of it. Knowledge of appropriate advice to give parents regarding their child's illness was particularly poor. Given the low scores of health workers on case scenarios involving children with more than one presenting problem, the use of the STB appears to be essential for management of most severely ill children presenting to health facilities in Papua New Guinea. Doctors, especially paediatricians, have an important role to play in stressing the importance of the book, in teaching health workers to use it correctly and in emphasizing an integrated approach to the management of sick children. The study incorporated an assessment of health facility infrastructure and equipment. All facilities needed maintenance work, and more than half had significant deficiencies in equipment and drug availability. Medical staff supervision and support of primary health staff is important and should include increasing and improving the use of the Standard Treatment Book. Such support should also aim to improve the working environment and health facility resources. This would substantially improve the service provided.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[The book of questions: remarks on a cultural itinerary].

The Book of Questions derives from the Problemata, a treatise wrongly included in the Corpus Aristotelicum and ended in the V-VI century A.C.; the authors examine two version (XVI century) of the Book, entitled Liber de Homine and printed under the auspices of Gerolamo Manfredi, physician of the University of Bononia. The two versions have been found in the Town Library of Ancona: one was printed in Ancona (1512) and the other in Venice (1588). The first book consists of 326 questions about foods, beverages, sleep and waking, physical exercise, environment and soul impulses and 242 questions about anatomy and physiology: the aim is divulgative and not scientific. The book printed in Venice suffered the expulsion of 110 questions, so to reduce the size of the manual (which now is a pocket book); of these questions 18 concerned sexual arguments, 82 concerned astrology and 10 minor arguments. Between the two editions there was the Council of Trento and the difference between the two Books may be due to the different aim (general divulgative book and pocket book, respectivelly) and to the influence of role of the two cities and of the political time. Ancona was a small town without restrictions of freedom of thought, Venice was an important center, more controlled for the possible influence outside and related at that time to the Christianity policy.

History, 16th Century↗
PubMed2006

Online medical books: their availability and an assessment of how health sciences libraries provide access on their public Websites.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the number and topical range of available online medical books and to assess how health sciences libraries were providing access to these resources on their public Websites. METHOD: The collection-based evaluative technique of list checking was used to assess the number and topical range of online medical books of the six largest publishers. Publisher inventory lists were downloaded over a two-day period (May 16-17, 2004). Titles were counted and compared with the 2003 Brandon/Hill list. A sample of health sciences libraries was subsequently derived by consulting the 2004 "Top Medical Schools-Research" in U.S. News & World Report. Bibliographic and bibliothecal access methods were evaluated based on an inspection of the publicly available Websites of the sample libraries. RESULTS: Of 318 currently published online medical books, 151 (47%) were Brandon/Hill titles covering 42 of 59 Brandon/Hill topics (71%). These 151 titles represented 22% (N = 672) of the Brandon/Hill list, which further broke down as 52 minimal core, 41 initial purchase, and 58 other recommended Brandon/Hill titles. These numbers represented 50%, 28%, and 12%, respectively, of all Brandon/Hill titles corresponding to those categories. In terms of bibliographic access, 20 of 21 of sampled libraries created catalog records for their online medical books, 1 of which also provided analytical access at the chapter level, and none provided access at the chapter section level. Of the 21 libraries, 19 had library Website search engines that provided title-level access and 4 provided access at the chapter level and none that at the chapter section level. For bibliothecal access, 19 of 21 libraries provided title-level access to medical books, 8 of which provided classified and alphabetic arrangements, 1 provided a classified arrangement only, and 10 provided an alphabetic arrangement only. No library provided a bibliothecal arrangement for medical book chapters or chapter sections. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the number and topical range of online medical books is reaching a point where collection-level consideration is warranted to facilitate efficient use and to prevent the problem of split files. However, the results also show that few efforts are underway on the publicly available Websites of the surveyed health sciences libraries to provide the analytical access necessary to meet the structural needs of clinical information seekers.

Access to Information↗
PubMed2002

Writing a book proposal: using a question approach.

Most of the work of writing a book comes in the preparation of the book proposal. The process helps you carefully think through answers to several tough questions. Resources like Larsen's (1997) book, How to Write a Book Proposal, can also be a helpful guideline as you write your proposal. By the time you finish the proposal, you will be very excited about the content and prospects for the book. This is good, because when you get that acceptance, you will have to maintain your enthusiasm for the year or so you spend writing the manuscript. During the year you are writing, you will probably let some activities of daily living (ADLs) slide. After you submit the manuscript, it could take months to get your life back in order. You will start to wonder how you ever found time to write a book. You may even swear you will never write another one. Then one day, the muses will give you an idea for another book proposal.

Books↗
PubMed2005

Dusting off another shelf: further comments on classic gynecologic pathology books of yesteryear.

Selected outstanding books from the older literature on gynecologic pathology are reviewed with emphasis on drawing attention to the abundant helpful information and often outstanding illustrations that are worthy of review by present-day pathologists. This represents a follow up to a previous similar essay that appeared in Volume 19:67-84, 2000. The first three books cover general gynecological pathology: Gynecological Pathology by Carl Abel; Gynecological and Obstetrical Pathology by Robert T. Frank; and Haines and Taylor's Gynaecological Pathology by Magnus Haines and Claud W. Taylor. Each of them emphasizes the time-honored problem of mimicry of malignancy by diverse benign lesions or even aspects of normal histology. Awareness of the clinical background and cooperation between the clinician and pathologist are emphasized. The other three books considered are all devoted largely or exclusively to the ovary: Ovarian Tumors by Hans Selye, Ovarian Neoplasms, Morphology, and Classification by Karel Motlik, and Special Tumors of Ovary and Testis and Related Extragonadal Lesions by Gunnar Teilum. The book of Selye has a truly remarkable encyclopedic coverage of the older literature, the references being so comprehensive that they are presented in a separate volume. A number of aspects of the histopathology of ovarian tumors that have been emphasized in recent years are noted in Selye's book. Dr. Motlik's book presents a very high quality consideration of the differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors. Teilum's book contains a masterful account of the histopathology of germ cell tumors emphasizing a neoplasm with which his name will always be associated, the yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor). Numerous beautiful and refreshingly large illustrations are provided, and Dr. Teilum's interest in comparative pathology is evident in the pages, his linking of the famous Schiller-Duval bodies with the endodermal sinuses of the rat placenta, being the most notable example.

Gynecology↗
PubMed1967

Analysis of recorded biomedical book and journal use in the Yale Medical Library. I. Date and subject relations.

Analysis of book and journal circulation is based on cancelled charge slips collected over a one-year period in the Yale Medical Library. About two-fifths of material circulated were monographs. Books and journals in seven subject fields provided over half of the circulation. Approximately two-thirds of both books and journals used had been published during the most recent nine years. A subject-by-subject examination of the ratio of books to journals circulating revealed that, in subjects where proportionally more journals than books were taken out of the Library, books were of more recent imprint dates than were journals, contrary to the overall pattern. Date distribution of books and journals by subject was also studied. Results are illustrated with graphs and tables.

Books↗
PubMed2006

Collective expectations--individual action implementing electronic booking systems in Norwegian health care.

We draw on an ongoing study of an electronic booking project at the University Hospital North Norway where general practitioners are given the opportunity to book appointments at the hospital for their patients. Electronic booking offers well-defined and standardised services as well as standardised procedures for preparing the patient for the appointment at the hospital. We examine how the standards inscribed in the booking system shape medical work and how they bring to the surface a social dilemma between collective and individual interests in how the key actors reflect on the consequences of the system. We combine two social theories, namely Actor Network Theory and the theory of collective action. As a conclusion, we argue that simple and well-defined cases of patients' problems and willingness among the general practitioners to undertake work traditionally conducted at the hospital are conditions for making electronic booking successful. However, when the patients' problems are unclear the booking system needs to be combined with traditional referrals. We also point to how the general practitioners' attitude towards the system is time-dependent. Their initial positive attitude towards the potential public goods produced by booking transforms into putting more weight on the individual interests.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed1995

Learning radiology from interactive videodiscs: bar-code book versus computer-assisted instruction.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We compared an interactive videodisc with bar-code book with an interactive videodisc with computer-assisted instruction for learning radiology to determine whether there would be differences in instructional effectiveness, instruction time, or subjective preference. METHODS: Two different videodisc modules were created. Each was presented in two formats with identical content: bar-code book and computer-assisted instruction. In a controlled crossover experimental design, 48 fourth-year medical students were assigned one bar-code book module and one computer module. Pre- and posttests were administered. RESULTS: Mean scores improved from pretest to posttest after students used the modules in either format (p < .01). There were no significant differences between students who used the bar-code book and those who used the computer in pretest scores, posttest scores, gains in score from pretest to posttest, or instruction time for either module. Subjectively, 74% of the students preferred computer-assisted instruction, 20% preferred bar-code book, and 7% preferred neither. CONCLUSION: Although bar-code book and computer versions of an interactive videodisc can be educationally equivalent, most students preferred the computer. When videodisc is being integrated into the curriculum, the choice between bar-code book and computer-assisted instruction can be made on the basis of noneducational factors such as cost and availability.

CD-I↗
PubMed2005

Comparing yoga, exercise, and a self-care book for chronic low back pain: a randomized, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Chronic low back pain is a common problem that has only modestly effective treatment options. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether yoga is more effective than conventional therapeutic exercise or a self-care book for patients with chronic low back pain. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: A nonprofit, integrated health care system. PATIENTS: 101 adults with chronic low back pain. INTERVENTION: 12-week sessions of yoga or conventional therapeutic exercise classes or a self-care book. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes were back-related functional status (modified 24-point Roland Disability Scale) and "bothersomeness" of pain (11-point numerical scale). The primary time point was 12 weeks. Clinically significant change was considered to be 2.5 points on the functional status scale and 1.5 points on the bothersomeness scale. Secondary outcomes were days of restricted activity, general health status, and medication use. RESULTS: After adjustment for baseline values, back-related function in the yoga group was superior to the book and exercise groups at 12 weeks (yoga vs. book: mean difference, -3.4 [95% CI, -5.1 to - 1.6] [P < 0.001]; yoga vs. exercise: mean difference, -1.8 [CI, -3.5 to - 0.1] [P = 0.034]). No significant differences in symptom bothersomeness were found between any 2 groups at 12 weeks; at 26 weeks, the yoga group was superior to the book group with respect to this measure (mean difference, -2.2 [CI, -3.2 to - 1.2]; P < 0.001). At 26 weeks, back-related function in the yoga group was superior to the book group (mean difference, -3.6 [CI, -5.4 to - 1.8]; P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS: Participants in this study were followed for only 26 weeks after randomization. Only 1 instructor delivered each intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Yoga was more effective than a self-care book for improving function and reducing chronic low back pain, and the benefits persisted for at least several months.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Students and overdue books in a medical library.

At the University of Ilorin Medical Library, sixty-one randomly selected medical students with overdue books were surveyed using a questionnaire with a view to (1) finding out why they had not returned the library books in their possession, (2) determining their perceptions of eight given overdue measures, and (3) seeking suggestions on how else to reduce overdue books. Most of the overdue books were as a result of (1) the students not finishing with the books and (2) the students being forgetful. Providing for renewals was the most favored overdue measure, while the need for increased multiple copies and extended loan periods for students were also stressed. Thus, a notice urging readers to return or renew borrowed library books was mounted on the issue desk as a reminder to all readers borrowing books. The library is being automated, which will facilitate timely generation and sending of overdue notices. More copies of some titles were purchased, while a copy each of others was transferred to the reserve collection. The need for an extended loan period will require further investigation, while the judicious use of other overdue measures to complement providing for renewals is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Medical book reviewing.

The large number of medical books published complicates selection by medical librarians. Book reviews are a potentially useful aid to selection. How available medical book reviews are to medical librarians, as well as how timely and accessible they are, were studied. Book reviews appearing in 1981 in a select group of medical journals were studied, and questionnaires sent to book publishers and the book review editors of the journals in the study.

Book Reviews as Topic↗
PubMed2000

Creating books for the National electronic Library for Health: expected barriers and useful lessons.

The National electronic Library for Health (NeLH) is now taking shape, as the virtual branch libraries begin to accumulate 'books', among their resources. In the Primary Care branch (http://www.nelh-pc.nhs.uk), one of the first available books was the Statement of Fees and Allowances (otherwise known as the Red Book). While being held up as an example of what the NeLH can offer, this book and the story of its transformation from paper to Internet format is a powerful example of how much further the National Health Service (NHS) must go before it can claim to be fully exploiting the benefits of information technology (IT). This article refers to the author's experience in producing electronic books for primary care using WaX software, and an example of a process change from paper to screen that was managed within a university administrative office. The author suggests that to reap optimal benefits from IT, the NeLH and its collaborators must address the fundamental issues of people and the paper-based processes used by information providers. The NeLH must work with both NHS IT trainers and information providers in a three-way collaboration involving key people and processes, to achieve the efficient production of an updateable and user-friendly library of electronic books.

Books↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Editing a nursing practice book.

Publishing a nursing practice book can be an exciting challenge for the critical care nurse who identifies a gap in the literature. This article provides information on how to produce an edited book from the starting point to successful publication. Identifying a book idea, selecting chapter authors, finding a publisher, writing a prospectus, the editing process, production, and marketing the book are discussed. Examples drawn from the authors' experiences in editing a transplantation nursing book are provided, as well as comments from other book editors.

Books↗
PubMed2006

BRIEF REPORT: nutrition and weight loss information in a popular diet book: is it fact, fiction, or something in between?

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Diet books dominate the New York Times Advice Best Seller list and consumers cite such books as an important source of nutrition information. However, the scientific support for nutrition claims presented as fact (nutrition facts) in diet books is not known. DESIGN/MEASUREMENTS: We assessed the quality of nutrition facts in the best-selling South Beach Diet using support in peer-reviewed literature as a measure of quality. We performed structured literature searches on nutrition facts located in the books' text, and then assigned each fact to 1 of 4 categories (1) fact supported, (2) fact not supported, (3) fact both supported and not supported, and (4) no related papers. A panel of expert reviewers adjudicated the findings. RESULTS: Forty-two nutrition facts were included. Fourteen (33%) facts were supported, 7 (17%) were not supported, 18 (43%) were both supported and not supported, and 3 (7%) had no related papers, including the fact that the diet had been "scientifically studied and proven effective." CONCLUSIONS: Consumers obtain nutrition information from diet books. We found that over 67% of nutrition facts in a best-seller diet book may not be supported in the peer-reviewed literature. These findings have important implications for educating consumers about nutrition information sources.

Books↗
PubMed1995

Breastfeeding in children's books: reflecting and shaping our values.

Children's books reflect and reinforce our society's message that bottlefeeding is the normal way to feed human babies. Even books that include breastfeeding may unwittingly undermine their intended message of support. It is important for lactation consultants to be aware of and help to promote those books that show or describe breastfeeding in a positive light. No book is perfect, and no one book will fit all needs, but a number of helpful books that include breastfeeding are available today. We can help to bring them to the attention of parents and children and to encourage their use in libraries, schools, clinics, childbirth classes, and similar settings.

Attitude to Health↗