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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Ultrastructure of gamma-motoneurons after temporary or permanent interruption of peripheral target contact.

The paradigm of nerve crush, vs. nerve transection and ligation, was used to examine the effects of temporary or permanent interruption of peripheral target contact on the ultrastructure of cat thoracic gamma-motoneurons. The normal, highly ordered ultrastructure of Nissl bodies was lost 8 days after axotomy. Nissl bodies remained disorganised up to 305 days after nerve transection and ligation. In contrast, normal ultrastructural orderliness was restored for many of the Nissl bodies of gamma-motoneurons 64 days following nerve crush. A decrease in the area of the Golgi apparatus was found 64 days following both nerve crush and nerve transection with ligation. Other organelles were unaltered.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Chiropractic's tension with the germ theory of disease.

After briefly reviewing the development of the germ theory of disease, the author delineates the opposition that the germ theory met from many practitioners, especially chiropractors. This paper explores the evolution of chiropractic's position regarding the germ theory of disease and its dominance in medicine's approach to prophylactic therapy by surveying the chiropractic literature. If the number of monograph and journal publications is indicative of the degree of chiropractic sentiment against the germ theory, the opposition to the theory was heaviest in the 1940's, trailing off to only the occasional monograph or journal article in the 1970's and beyond. Although the development of penicillin and the Salk vaccine may be tied to the demise of most published chiropractic opposition to the germ theory of disease, the basic differences between medicine's approach and chiropractic's approach to disease still remain. Although the differences may be ones of degree, the approaches taken as to whether disease is caused and cured from within the body or from outside the body remains a very real philosophical distinction between the two methods of health care.

Bacteriology↗
PubMed2000

RNA polymerase II in Cajal bodies of amphibian oocytes.

Cajal bodies (coiled bodies) are nuclear organelles that contain a variety of components required for transcription and processing of RNA. Cajal bodies in amphibian oocytes are stained by mAb H14, which recognizes the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II when the heptapeptide repeat is phosphorylated on serine-5. Oocytes were treated with the transcription inhibitor 5, 6-dichloro-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB), which prevents phosphorylation of the CTD. Cajal bodies from oocytes that had been treated for 2-3 h with DRB no longer stained with mAb H14, but staining reappeared when the inhibitor was washed out. Epitope-tagged transcripts of two small subunits of polymerase II, RPB6 and RPB9, were injected into the cytoplasm of Xenopus and Triturus oocytes. Newly translated RPB6 and RPB9 were specifically targeted to Cajal bodies within 4 h, and Cajal bodies remained the site of highest concentration of tagged protein during the next 2 days. These data suggest that polymerase subunits pass through the Cajal bodies with a transit time no greater than a few hours. We discuss the possibility that Cajal bodies are sites of assembly or modification of the transcription machinery of the nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A C. elegans Hox gene switches on, off, on and off again to regulate proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis.

Hox genes establish body pattern throughout the animal kingdom, but the role these genes play at the cellular level to modify and shape parts of the body remains a mystery. We find that the C. elegans Antennapedia homolog, mab-5, sequentially programs many independent events within individual cell lineages. In one body region, mab-5 first switches ON in a lineage to stimulate proliferation, then OFF to specify epidermal structures, then ON in just one branch of the lineage to promote neuroblast formation, and finally OFF to permit proper sense organ morphology. In a neighboring lineage, continuous mab-5 expression leads to a different pattern of development. Thus, this Hox gene achieves much of its power to diversify the anteroposterior axis through fine spatiotemporal differences in expression coupled with a changing pattern of cellular response.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

Neurofilament phosphorylation in neuronal perikarya following axotomy: a study of rat spinal cord with ventral and dorsal root transection.

Rat spinal cord was stained by indirect immunofluorescence with 11 neurofilament monoclonal antibodies that recognize phosphorylated epitopes. All monoclonals were axon-specific in this location. The large motoneurons containing bundles of neurofilaments did not stain and the pattern remained unchanged after transection of the sciatic nerve in the thigh. With nine monoclonals, stained motoneurons were observed in the ventral horns 3 days, 5 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks after transection of the ventral roots close to the spinal cord. The abnormal motoneurons were typically scattered among normal (i.e., nonstained) cells. Even in animals showing the most severe reaction, the whole motoneuron population at the site of rhizotomy was not affected, stained and nonstained perikarya often coexisting side by side. Stained motoneurons were no longer observed 3 weeks after ventral root transection. Changes in neuronal immunoreactivity were also observed after dorsal root transection. However, a different population was affected, i.e., middle-sized neurons in dorsal horns and at the base of ventral horns. With two monoclonals (A9 and D21), cell bodies remained negative following all operations. It is concluded that axotomy in proximity of the cell body may induce certain neurofilament phosphorylation events in motor neuron perikarya, whereas other phosphorylation events remain confined to the axons under these experimental conditions. The absence of changes after transection of the sciatic nerve in the thigh suggests that neurofilament phosphorylation is a reaction to cell injury rather than a cellular event related to nerve regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Lipid mobilization and metabolism after thermal trauma.

Lipid mobilization following thermal injury was studied in 25 patients with burns of between 35 and 95% TBSA for 30 to 50 days postinjury. The concentration of free fatty acids and glycerol in the plasma was elevated. The concentration of plasma triglycerides was elevated, while the concentration of ketone bodies remained normal. Thus it is suggested that the free fatty acids are primarily being re-esterified to triglycerides rather than being utilized for ketone body production. During the first 10 days postinjury, the plasma carnitine level was slightly decreased, while the concentration of carnitine in liver and muscle was elevated. The level of carnitine in burn wound fluid was similar to that in plasma. Therefore, the early decrease in plasma carnitine appeared to result from wound losses, as well as the sustained increased uptake by liver and muscle throughout the burn course.

Burns↗
PubMed1975

Distribution of neoblasts and mitoses during the asexual reproduction of the planarian Dugesia tigrina (Girard).

The neoblast distribution in the prepharyngeal portion of the body remains unchanged during the asexual reproduction of planaria. During the first few days after fission, the number of neoblasts decreases in the portion of the body immediately adjoining the site of daughter zooid detachment and considerably increases in the regenerative bud. Starting with the fourth day after division, there is an increase in the number of neoblasts in the region of future fission, which can be regarded as one preparatory mechanism for the next fission. The mitosis distribution pattern is just the reverse: the regions of the body with the highest neoblast density are characterized by a low mitotic index or no dividing cells at all. The neoblast and mitosis distributions in the daughter zooid during its asexual reproduction cycle duplicate those observed in the maternal zooid.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Arterial vascularization of the amygdaloid body in man].

The arterial supply of the amygdaloid body was studied on 20 brains of adult individuals of both sexes. The middle cerebral and anterior choroidal artery were selectively injected with a mixture of India ink and 5% gelatin solution. By injecting the middle cerebral artery, we filled the blood vessels of the putamen, the lateral part of globus pallidus, the internal capsule, claustrum, insular cortex and the cortex of the convex side of the hemisphere, whereas the blood vessels of the amygdaloid body remained unfilled by the mixture. By injecting the anterior choroidal artery, the blood vessels of the medial part of globus pallidus and of the amygdaloid body were filled, except in one case, when the blood vessels were filled only in it's posterior part. Based on the results obtained, a conclusion may be drawn that the branches of the anterior choroidal artery play the main role in the amygdaloid body arterial supply.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1980

[Changes in form and structure of vertebrae as a manifestation of mechanical loading (author's transl)].

In 240 autopsy cases of both sexes, aged between 19 and 88 years and with no evidence of clinically manifest bone disease, the structure of the spongy bone and the external form of the 3rd and 5th lumbar vertebrae were investigated quantitatively and morphometrically on the basis of high-contrast X-ray images of 100 mu-thick polished bone sections, using the Leitz texture analysis system. The structure of the spongy bone was analysed on the basis of the parameters volumetric density, surface density and specific surface in horizontal "fifths", the form being determined by measuring the greatest and smallest heights and widths. In the individual "fifths", the structural parameters manifest a "stepped" distribution, the highest values being in the outer, the lowest values in the middle "fifths". With increasing age, this distribution pattern flattens to differing degrees so that, in old age, only the outer"fifths"differ from the middle and inner"fifths". The form parameters of the vertebrae reveal an age-independent constant heigh and an age-dependent increase in maximum width. The vertebral bodies are subjected mainly to compressive forces and represent a compound construction of spongy bone and fluid-filled medullary cells. The inhomogeneity of the vertebral structure is the constructional equivalent of the intravertebrally regionally differing mechanical forces. Also the structure of the residual spongy bone resulting from the age-dependent remodelling process, is oriented to these mechanical forces. Despite the considerable intravertebral remodelling of structure, the form of the vertebral bodies remains largely constant. The increase in maximum width is based on an increase in the tensile forces acting upon the outer edges of the vertebral bodies consequent upon degenerative intervertebral disc changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The role of the kidney in the removal of ketone bodies under different acid-base status of the rat.

Arterial blood concentrations of ketone bodies, pyruvate, lactate, citrate, and oxoglutarate were measured in normal and in nephrectomized rats. The rate of removal from the circulation of an infused acetoacetate load has been studied in both groups of animals. Blood oxoglutarate and ketone bodies remained unchanged in nephrectomized rats. Blood citrate level rose rapidly. In rats with normal blood pH the contribution of the kidneys to the removal of ketone bodies is 28%, whereas in metabolic alkalosis, it is less than 2%. In nephrectomized rats with normal blood pH and in rats with metabolic alkalosis the ratio between beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate is very high in comparison with rats having metabolic acidosis. These data suggest that in metabolic alkalosis the kidneys are not able to utilize ketone bodies.

Acetoacetates↗
PubMed2000

Retrieval of an IV catheter fragment from the pulmonary artery 11 years after embolization.

The use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is occasionally complicated by intravascular fracture and central embolization of the catheter fragment. We present a patient in whom a PICC fragment was retrieved from the pulmonary artery 11 years after embolization following its incidental detection. Despite a history of IV drug abuse and mitral regurgitation, this patient remained asymptomatic and without complications. The catheter fragment was retrieved since the patient was believed to be at risk for endocarditis. This may be the longest duration reported of an embolized catheter fragment that was successfully removed. As the natural history of asymptomatic-retained central venous foreign bodies remains unclear, the decision to remove them should be individualized. In selected cases, these foreign bodies may be retrieved without complications even several years after embolization.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

An unusual occupational accident: fall into a sewage plant tank with lethal outcome.

Occupational accidents, often presenting with lethal outcomes, are a rarely reported issue in forensic literature. However, these incidents are part of medicolegal casework with special regard to reconstruction, liabilities and insurance law-related issues, respectively. We report on a lethal occupational accident in a metropolitan sewage plant. When performing routine controls, a technician fell into an overflow sewer and was immediately pulled into a 30 cm diameter drain. Rescue efforts were initiated immediately, but had to be terminated due to gas warning. Rescue teams continued the search, however, the body remained undiscoverable. Forty-eight hours later, the cadaver was found in an adjacent digester tank, from where it was finally rescued. It was concluded, that the body had been transported between the overflow sewer and the digester tank through a 120 m pipeline with several 90 degrees bendings and branch connections with a minimum diameter of 25 cm at the discharge valve. On medicolegal examination, the cadaver showed marked signs of advanced decomposition caused by anaerobic microorganisms in the 37 degrees C biomass environment. Moreover, as a consequence of the passage of the pipeline system, signs of massive trauma (several comminuted and compound fractures) were disclosed at autopsy. To us, this is the first report on a lethal occupational accident in a sewage plant; our observations demonstrate the rapid progress of putrefaction in a warm anaerobic bacterial environment and the massive trauma sustained.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2000

[Nasal foreign bodies in 299 cases].

Although nasal foreign bodies very commonplace in daily clinical practice, their simplicity in pathology and diagnosis is so unique that case reports based upon a large number have been rather scarce. We report 299 verified cases of nasal foreign bodies seen during the past 13 years from January 1986 to December 1998, at our institute, together with clinical and statistical analysis. The total number of first visits during the surveyed period was 55,312 and nasal foreign bodies comprised 0.54%. Of these 217 subjects (72.6%) appeared in emergencies. Man comprised 172 (58%) and woman 127 (42%), with the right side comprising 166 cases (57%), the left side 123 (42%) and bilateral 3 cases (1%). In monthly distribution, cases are more often seen in November and December and less often seen in January, with the monthly average being 25. In age distribution, the majority were seen in those under 10 years old, excluding 6 cases. The average age was 4.0 and the range 1 month to 81 years. In the majority of cases, foreign bodies remained only a short time (with in 24 hour) but in 15 cases stayed rather a long time (over 24 hour). In specificity, the majority of foreign bodies were toys, with plastic bullets used with air guns most frequent, in 46 cases (15.3%), followed by beads in 36 cases (12.0%). Other foreign bodies seen comparatively often were pieces of tissue paper, buttons, and plastic toys components.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

An unusual injury to the mediastinum--case report.

A six-year-old boy sustained an accidental penetrating missile injury to his chest. Imaging studies revealed a metallic foreign body lodged between the pulmonary infundibulum and the right atrium of the heart. No cardiovascular compromise was produced. Surgical exploration was not required. The foreign body remained stable and non-migratory over a 16-month follow-up period.

Child↗
PubMed2002

14-3-3 proteins in Lewy bodies in Parkinson disease and diffuse Lewy body disease brains.

Several components of Lewy bodies have been identified, but the precise mechanism responsible for the formation of Lewy bodies remains undetermined. The 14-3-3 protein family is involved in numerous signal transduction pathways and interacts with alpha-synuclein, which is a major constituent of Lewy bodies. To elucidate the role of 14-3-3 proteins in neuro-degenerative disorders associated with Lewy bodies, we performed immunohistochemical studies on 14-3-3 in brains from 5 elderly control subjects and from 10 patients with Parkinson disease (PD) or diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD). In the normal controls, 14-3-3-like immunoreactivity was mainly observed in the neuronal somata and processes in various cortical and subcortical regions. In the PD and DLBD cases, a similar immunostaining pattern was found and immunoreactivity was generally spared in the surviving neurons from the severely affected regions. In addition, both classical and cortical Lewy bodies were intensely immunolabeled and some dystrophic neurites were also immunoreactive for 14-3-3. Our results suggest that 14-3-3 proteins may be associated with Lewy body formation and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD and DLBD.

14-3-3 Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tissue-PO2 (PGO2) in the carotid body of the cat and tidal volume (V) during normovolaemic haemodilution.

During normovolaemic haemodilution with Macrodex (R), the basic respiratory activity is unchanged, while the ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia generally decrease. The PGO2 in the cat carotid body remains constant down to an Hk of 10% to 15% and then decreases. This confirms the suggestion of Acker and Lübbers (1976) that increased plasma flow through the carotid body does not influence the oxygen supply to this organ, despite variations of both oxygen transport capacity and haemoglobin concentration. The fine structure of the carotid body is partly destroyed by haemodilution with Macrodex (R) and this could account for the impaired chemoreception.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Membrane-bound sorbitol 6-phosphatase in fat body cells controls the dynamics of sorbitol 6-phosphate, a major hemolymph sugar in the silkworm.

Sorbitol 6-phosphate (S6P) is one of two major sugars (another is trehalose) in the larval hemolymph of Bombyx mori, and its amount dramatically decreases concomitantly with the onset of prepupal period. In the last (fifth) instar larvae, the amount of S6P is approximately 30 micromol/larva at its maximum and decreases to less than 1 micromol at the wandering stage. Incubation of fat bodies of wandering larvae with S6P generates sorbitol in the medium, while S6P in the medium decreases, indicating that fat body possesses sorbitol 6-phosphatase (S6Pase) activity. S6Pase activity in the fat body remains low during the feeding period, abruptly increases at the wandering and decreases to a low level after gut purge. 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) increases S6Pase activity in the fat body of feeding larvae, and the activation is dose-dependent. Cell fractionation studies show that S6Pase is mainly associated with the membrane and the optimal pH for membrane-bound S6Pase is 5.5, which is different from that for soluble acid phosphatase (pH 4). Present findings indicate that the S6Pase responsible for a decrease in hemolymph S6P is membrane-bound, and its activity is controlled by a rise of hemolymph ecdysteroid titer at the onset of the wandering stage.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Hormonal control of body-color polymorphism in Locusta migratoria: interaction between

The effects of injection of [His(7)]-corazonin and juvenile hormone (JH) III on the body color in L. migratoria were investigated using albino and normal (pigmented) nymphs. Most albino nymphs turned green in the fourth instar if injected with JH III during the last 2 days of the previous instar. When albino third instar nymphs injected with 10 pmol of [His(7)]-corazonin on different days were treated with 100 µg of JH III on day 3.5, they developed various body colors in the following nymphal instar: those injected with [His(7)]-corazonin during the first 2 days developed very dark green or black color, whereas some of those injected after this period turned green and their legs and ventral side of the body were variously pigmented, the coloration being similar to green solitary individuals often found in the field. Field-collected brown solitary nymphs injected with 1 nmol of [His(7)]-corazonin and kept individually, turned reddish without any black spots in the following nymphal instar when the ecdysis occurred within 1 day after injection. Injection of [His(7)]-corazonin 2 days before the following ecdysis induced black patterns on an orange background color, the coloration characteristic of gregarious forms. Similar injections into field-collected green solitary nymphs also induced black patterns but the rest of their body remained green. These results may indicate that the temporal changes in the hemolymph titers of [His(7)]-corazonin and JH play an important role in the control of body-color polymorphism in this locust.

Journal Article↗