Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Body Fluids”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Cholesterol esterase activity in body fluids.

Antistreptolysin O activity (greater than or equal to 200 Todd units/ml) was found in 20% of 25 ascitic fluids, 20% of 55 pleural fluids and 37-5% of 56 joint fluids. These levels are not due to antibody but to the cholesterol moiety of altered beta-lipoproteins. The activity is precipitable with 10% dextran sulphate. Incubation of mixtures of fluids with titres less than 200 and normal human serum generated eight-fold or greater rises in antistreptolysin titres. This results from the activity of cholesterol esterase in the fluid acting on the beta-lipoprotein of the serum and activity was noted in 90% of ascitic fluids, 59% of pleural fluids and 54% of joint fluids. However, mixtures showing no such rise probably also contain esterase, the failure to demonstrate antistreptolysin activity being due to equilibration of ester derived cholesterol with sub-fractions of high density and very low density lipoproteins.

Antistreptolysin↗
PubMed1989

Pharmacokinetics and body fluid and endometrial concentrations of ormetoprim-sulfadimethoxine in mares.

Six healthy adult mares were each given an oral loading dose of ormetoprim(OMP)-sulfadimethoxine (SDM) at a dosage of 9.2 mg of OMP/kg and 45.8 mg of SDM/kg, followed by four maintenance doses of 4.6 mg of OMP/kg and 22.9 mg of SDM/kg, at 24 h intervals. Ormetoprim and SDM concentrations were measured in serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and endometrium. The highest mean serum OMP concentration was 0.92 micrograms/mL 0.5 h after the first dose; the highest mean SDM concentration was 80.9 micrograms/mL 8 h after the first dose. The highest mean synovial fluid concentrations were 0.14 microgram of OMP/mL and 28.5 micrograms of SDM/mL 12 h after the first dose. The highest mean peritoneal fluid concentrations were 0.19 micrograms of OMP/mL 6 h after the first dose and 25.5 micrograms of SDM/mL 8 h after the fifth dose. The highest mean endometrial concentrations were 0.56 micrograms of OMP/g and 28.5 micrograms of SDM/g 4 h after the fifth dose. The mean cerebrospinal fluid concentrations were 0.08 micrograms of OMP/mL and 2.1 micrograms of SDM/mL 5 h after the fifth dose. Mean trough urine drug concentrations were greater than or equal to 0.4 micrograms of OMP/mL and greater than or equal to 172 micrograms of SDM/mL. Two of the mares were each given a single intravenous (IV) injection of OMP and SDM at a dosage of 9.2 mg of OMP/kg and 45.8 mg of SDM/kg. Excitation and muscle fasciculations were observed in both mares after IV administration and all scheduled blood samples could be collected from only one of the two mares.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Use of immunologic tumor markers in body fluid analysis.

Sensitive and specific tumor markers will increase the accuracy of present cytologic techniques and will teach us more about the biology and pathogenesis of tumors. Immunoenzyme studies may also be useful in quality control and may accelerate the development of automated screening techniques for cytology.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Examination of body fluids.

In dogs, the pericardial sac contains about 0.3 ml, and the pleural and peritoneal cavities 0-15 ml of clear, straw-colored fluid of pH 7.4, specific gravity 1.016, protein content less than 3.0 g/dl and cell count less than 3000/microliter. Fat can be cleared from chylous fluid with NaOH and ether. Inflammation is indicated by a cell count greater than 3000/microliter. Amylase levels in peritoneal fluid are elevated in necrotizing pancreatitis. The percentage of polymorphonuclear WBC exceeds 50% in bacterial inflammations. Normal joints contain less than 1 ml highly viscid, clear or straw-colored synovial fluid with less than 1000 nucleated cells/microliter. Synovial fluid becomes flocculent and less viscid in septic and occasionally in immune-mediated arthritis, often with cell counts greater than 75,000/microliter, with 75-90% polymorphonuclear WBC. Cerebrospinal fluid is normally acellular, clear and colorless but may be red, yellow or brown with intracranial hematomas. Viral or aseptic meningitis is characterized by mononuclear cell counts of less than 500/microliter. In acute bacterial meningitis, nucleated cell counts are greater than 1000/microliter, with most being polymorphonuclear WBC. Gram staining of cerebrospinal fluid is not useful.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

CD4 and CD8 antigen coexpression: a flow cytometric study of peripheral blood, bone marrow, body fluid, and solid lymphoreticular specimens.

OBJECTIVE: CD4 and CD8 antigen coexpression occurs not only on blastic T-cell malignancies, but also on a small subset of mature lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of this population of cells and to identify features that can be used to differentiate them from T lymphoblasts. DESIGN: All specimens submitted to the clinical flow cytometry laboratory from August 1, 1994, through July 31, 1995, were analyzed for CD4 and CD8 coexpression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Percentage of lymphocytes coexpressing the CD4 and CD8 antigens. RESULTS: Four percent (22/526) of all specimens contained a population of CD4/CD8 coexpressing cells. Five cases represented CD4 and CD8 antigen expression on neoplastic cells. In 17 cases, the CD4/CD8 coexpressing cells appeared to represent a population of mature lymphocytes with a normal phenotype. The immature cells of T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma represented a dominant uniform population of cells demonstrating strong staining with both the CD4 and CD8 antigens. Cases containing a mature population of CD4/CD8 coexpressing cells were characterized by fewer coexpressing cells and variable expression of CD8. There were cases where distinction of this population of mature CD4/CD8 coexpressing lymphoid cells from a blastic malignancy was not possible using immunophenotyping alone. CONCLUSION: Correlation of clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic data is recommended to prevent the misdiagnosis of subtle involvement by a blastic T-cell malignancy.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1986

Total body fluid volume determination based on urea kinetics in hemofiltration as an index of basal body weight in uremic patients.

Assuming that urea is distributed uniformly within the total body water, urea-space or total body fluid volume was determined in six uremic patients based on urea kinetics in hemofiltration. The total body fluid volume before hemofiltration was 36.0 +/- 3.6 L (61.8 +/- 2.6% BW) and after hemofiltration 32.5 +/- 3.4 L (59.3 +/- 2.8% BW), suggesting that the total body fluid volume was nearly normalized by hemofiltration. It is concluded that urea-space, easily measurable based on urea kinetics during hemofiltration, is useful in evaluating the fluid balance in patients undergoing artificial kidney therapy.

Blood↗
PubMed1992

Occurrence of tetrodotoxin-binding high molecular weight substances in the body fluid of shore crab (Hemigrapsus sanguineus).

The shore crab (Hemigrapsus sanguineus) is highly resistant to tetrodotoxin (TTX) although it contains no detectable amount of TTX (less than 5 MU/g, where 1 MU is defined as the amount of TTX killing a 20 g mouse in 30 min). Its body fluid was examined for neutralizing effects against the lethal activity of TTX. When the mixture of the body fluid and TTX was injected i.p. into mice, the lethal activity of TTX was significantly reduced; 1 ml of the body fluid was evaluated to neutralize 3.6-4.0 MU of TTX. Higher neutralizing activity (7.2-12.5 MU/ml of the body fluid) was exhibited by i.v. administration of the body fluid into mice before or after i.p. challenge of TTX. The lethal effect of paralytic shellfish poisons was not counteracted by the body fluid. Analysis by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B revealed that the body fluid contained TTX-binding high mol. wt substances (> 2,000,000) responsible for the neutralizing activity of the body fluid against TTX, which accounts for the high resistibility of the crab to TTX. When the crude toxin extracted from the liver of puffer (Takifugu niphobles) was mixed with the body fluid and chromatographed on Sepharose 6B, almost pure TTX was obtained from the fractions containing the TTX-binding high mol. wt substances, suggesting that the TTX-binding high mol. wt substances could be useful in purification of TTX from biological samples.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Interaction between hydroxyapatite and proteins by liquid chromatography using simulated body fluids as eluents.

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) column chromatography for proteins using simulated body fluids (SBFs) as eluents was investigated in order to mimic the flow environment of human body fluid on the HAp surface in vivo. Acidic plasma proteins such as albumin, gamma-globulin, and fibrinogen having carboxyl groups with a negative charge were suggested to adsorb at positively charged sites (Ca sites) on the HAp surface. These acidic plasma proteins were not even eluted at higher inorganic ion molarities of human body fluid. Whereas basic proteins such as papin, cytochrome c, and lysozyme were easily eluted at lower inorganic ion molarities of human body fluid due to existing Na(+), Ca(2 +), Mg(2 +) and (CH(2)OH)(3)CNH(4)(+) ions in the eluents. The elution behavior of proteins using SBF in the presence or absence of glucose did not change. From these considerations, bone matrix proteins as acidic and neutral proteins would be considered an advantageous condition in order to adsorb on HAp in vivo.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peptide mapping of proteins in human body fluids using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

Human body fluids have been rediscovered in the post-genomic era as great sources of biological markers and perhaps particularly as sources of potential protein biomarkers of disease. Analytical tools that allow rapid screening, low sample consumption, and accurate protein identification are of great importance in studies of complex biological samples and clinical diagnosis. Mass spectrometry is today one of the most important analytical tools with applications in a wide variety of fields. One of the fastest growing applications is in proteomics, or the study of protein expression in an organism. Mass spectrometry has been used to find post-translational modifications and to identify key functions of proteins in the human body. In this study, we review the use of human body fluids as sources for clinical markers and present new data that show the ability of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) to identify and characterize proteins in four human body fluids: plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, and urine. The body fluids were tryptically digested without any prior separation, purification, or selection, and the digest was introduced into a 9.4 T FTICR mass spectrometer by direct-infusion electrospray ionization (ESI). Even though these samples represent complex biological mixtures, the described method provides information that is comparable with traditional 2D-PAGE data. The sample consumption is extremely low, a few microliters, and the analysis time is only a few minutes. It is, however, evident that the separation of proteins and/or peptides must be included in the methodology, in order to detect low-abundance proteins and other proteins of biological relevance.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1993

Application of Leu M5 (CD 11c) antibody in the cytodiagnosis of body fluids: preliminary results.

Identification of metastatic malignant cells in body fluids and their distinction from reactive mesothelial cells is a common diagnostic problem. Application of the immunoalkaline phosphatase method using epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, vimentin, carcinoembryonic antigen, lysozyme, and leukocyte common antigen (CD 45) is routinely performed in our Hematology Laboratory in conjunction with morphological examination of body fluids. Recently, we found that anti-Leu M5 (CD 11c), a monoclonal antibody to human monocyte/macrophage, is frequently reactive to mesothelial cells. We then undertook a prospective study, adding anti-CD 11c to the above-listed antibody panel and applying to cytocentrifuge preparations of body fluid. The neoplastic cells in only 2 out of 34 cases (5.9%) with the diagnosis of metastatic carcinomas reacted positively for CD 11c. The neoplastic cells in four cases of malignant lymphoma were non-reactive for CD 11c. In addition, malignant cells on touch preparations of 25 carcinomas were also negative. Mesothelial cells in all 15 cases of reactive effusions and those mesothelial cells present in malignant effusions were positively stained with CD 11c, although the intensity of staining varied in different mesothelial cells of the same cases. We conclude that anti-CD 11c can be considered as a useful adjunct to the differential diagnosis of malignant effusions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Body fluid distribution in the maintenance of DOCA-salt hypertension in rats.

Body fluid volumes and their relation to mean arterial pressure and plasma renin activity (PRA) were examined in heminephrectomized rats after 4 wk of treatment with deoxy-corticosterone acetate (DOCA) and placed on one of three levels of salt intake, either high (D-HS), normal (D-NS), or low (D-LS); sham-operated rats, which received heminephrectomy and no DOCA treatment, also received high (S-HS), normal (S-NS), or low (S-LS) intakes of salt. Body fluid volumes were measured as the distribution volumes of radioiodinated serum albumin, 35SO4, and tritiated water for plasma volume (PV), extracellular fluid volume (EFV), and total body water (TBW), respectively. Approximately the same degrees of hypertension occurred in the D-HS and D-NS rats, but the D-LS rats were normotensive. PV and EFV were increased only in the D-HS rats, with no prominent changes occurring in the D-NS rats. Intracellular fluid volume (ICF) was not changed in the D-NS rats when compared with the S-NS rats. The ratios of PV/EFV and EFV/TBW in the DOCA-treated groups on high or normal salt were not different from their controls. PRA was greatly suppressed in the D-HS and D-NS rats when compared with all other groups. In another group of D-HS rats, sodium was restricted for 2 wk; in this group the mean arterial pressure fell to control levels without significant changes in PV, but interstitial fluid volume was reduced to normal levels. These results demonstrated that 1) in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats there is expansion of body fluid volumes that are proportionally distributed among the PV, EFV, and ICF; 2) increases in body fluid volumes are not necessary for DOCA to maintain hypertension; 3) a certain minimal amount of dietary sodium is necessary for the development and maintenance of hypertension; and 4) following DOCA treatment the suppression of PRA is not due solely to expansion of body fluid volumes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Hypothalamic integration of body fluid regulation.

The progression of animal life from the paleozoic ocean to rivers and diverse econiches on the planet's surface, as well as the subsequent reinvasion of the ocean, involved many different stresses on ionic pattern, osmotic pressure, and volume of the extracellular fluid bathing body cells. The relatively constant ionic pattern of vertebrates reflects a genetic "set" of many regulatory mechanisms--particularly renal regulation. Renal regulation of ionic pattern when loss of fluid from the body is disproportionate relative to the extracellular fluid composition (e.g., gastric juice with vomiting and pancreatic secretion with diarrhea) makes manifest that a mechanism to produce a biologically relatively inactive extracellular anion HCO3- exists, whereas no comparable mechanism to produce a biologically inactive cation has evolved. Life in the ocean, which has three times the sodium concentration of extracellular fluid, involves quite different osmoregulatory stress to that in freshwater. Terrestrial life involves risk of desiccation and, in large areas of the planet, salt deficiency. Mechanisms integrated in the hypothalamus (the evolutionary ancient midbrain) control water retention and facilitate excretion of sodium, and also control the secretion of renin by the kidney. Over and above the multifactorial processes of excretion, hypothalamic sensors reacting to sodium concentration, as well as circumventricular organs sensors reacting to osmotic pressure and angiotensin II, subserve genesis of sodium hunger and thirst. These behaviors spectacularly augment the adaptive capacities of animals. Instinct (genotypic memory) and learning (phenotypic memory) are melded to give specific behavior apt to the metabolic status of the animal. The sensations, compelling emotions, and intentions generated by these vegetative systems focus the issue of the phylogenetic emergence of consciousness and whether primal awareness initially came from the interoreceptors and vegetative systems rather than the distance receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The colloid osmotic pressures of invertebrate body fluids.

Colloid osmotic pressures of the body fluids of twenty invertebrate species were measured directly. The results, which are generally lower than predicted values for the same species, pertain to several physiological questions: (1) they do not quantitatively explain the frequently observed hyperosmoticity of body fluids in species believed to be osmoconformers, indicating that the condition cannot be merely a consequence of a Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium; (2) the excess of hydrostatic over colloid osmotic pressure is very small. This result supports the hypothesis that the oxygen transport function of bloods with extracellular haemocyanins and haem proteins is limited by their colligative properties; (3) the pressure relationships and the absence of colloid osmotic activity in urine indicates that filtration contributes to urine formation in several species.

Animals↗