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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Gestational age-specific birthweight of twins in vital records.

Analysis of singleton preterm birth from vital statistics data is hampered by inaccurate gestational age dating. This is most notably evidence by the large fraction of implausibly high birthweights for gestational age given in birth records. Using natality statistics for New England, 1977-88, birthweight distributions were plotted for representative preterm gestations. Confounding by improbable birthweights was observed to be considerably less among preterm twin births than among preterm singleton births.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2006

Hispanic concentration and the conditional influence of collective efficacy on adolescent childbearing.

OBJECTIVE: To determine how Hispanic residential concentration moderates the relationship between neighborhood collective efficacy and teenage birth rates. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of census tract level survey data and birth records. SETTING: Sixty-five Los Angeles (California) County census tracts in 2000 and 2001. PARTICIPANTS: Measures of neighborhood collective efficacy from 2600 adults from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Study (LAFANS) survey were linked with demographic information from the US 2000 Census and Los Angeles County birth records for 10- through 19-year-old mothers. MAIN EXPOSURES: Collective efficacy and Hispanic residential concentration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Married and unmarried teenage birth rates. RESULTS: In census tracts with less than a 50% Hispanic population, a 1-SD increase in collective efficacy was associated with a 5.07 births per 1000 decrease in the unmarried teenage birth rate (P<.05). In census tracts with a 50% or greater Hispanic population, a 1-SD increase in collective efficacy was not statistically related to unmarried rates, but it was associated with a 3.43 increase in the married teenage birth rate (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Collective efficacy may help reduce adolescent childbearing in some, but not all, neighborhoods. An interaction between collective efficacy and Hispanic population concentration suggests cultural variation may play a role in how collective efficacy influences adolescent fertility. Possible explanations for the positive relationship between collective efficacy and married birth rates found in segregated Hispanic neighborhoods include profertility orientations and availability of childrearing networks for young parents. To help harness social capital to improve public health outcome, we suggest future studies examine the role of community cultural variation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predicting needs for special education resources for mental retardation from birth defects records.

Planning of service delivery systems for children with special health care needs would be enhanced by knowledge of numbers of cases anticipated in defined geographic areas. A method is described for predicting numbers of children who will likely have mental retardation sufficient to require special education services, based on the birth prevalence of birth defects and clinicians' estimates of the likelihood of mental retardation associated with each specific birth defect. This method is applied to the 1980-82 birth cohort of a 28-county area of south and central Arkansas, and it is compared with special education enrollment data for children ages 6 to 8 in academic year 1988-89. According to this estimate, children with birth defects may account for 32 to 56 percent of the cases of mental retardation among 6- to 8-year-olds reported by the public schools.

Arkansas↗
PubMed2002

The Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry.

The Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry (MATR) is a population-based registry of twin pairs ascertained from birth records and school system records of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The MATR was formed in 1997 with the merging of the Virginia and North Carolina Twin Registries, and it expanded to include South Carolina when access to twin birth records in that state was granted in 1998. Registered twins ("participants") number more than 51,000, with approximately 46,000 of these individuals representing complete pairs. Roughly two-thirds of MATR participants are over age 18, with a mean age of approximately 35 years. These participants have primarily been drawn from the more than 170,000 identical and fraternal twin pairs born in the three states between 1913 and 2000. Twins and their family members have participated in numerous research projects, ranging from general health surveys to studies on specific health topics such as cardiovascular disease; depression and anxiety; seizures; behavioral development; pregnancy complications; conduct disorder; drug use, abuse, and dependence; cleft lip/palate; obesity; and chronic fatigue syndrome. The MATR has established a privacy policy and strict standard operating procedures to protect the confidentiality of participant data. The MATR considers a limited number of qualified requests per year from investigators interested in recruiting MATR participants into their research studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Intrauterine environment and breast cancer risk in women: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: The established risk factors for female breast cancer, including nulliparity, age at first birth, age at menarche, and age at menopause, do not adequately explain the occurrence pattern of this cancer. Therefore, additional factors need to be considered to advance our understanding of the causes of breast cancer. Evidence obtained from animals and humans indicates that the perinatal period may be particularly important. Our earlier studies, based on a subsample of the present investigation, suggested that factors thought to be positively associated with estrogen levels during pregnancy are positively associated with breast cancer risk. However, the associated confidence intervals (CIs) were generally wide, indicating considerable variability in the data. PURPOSE: We studied a large number of incident breast cancer case patients and evaluated several perinatal variables in relation to breast cancer risk. These variables included some not previously studied, such as gestational age and neonatal jaundice. We also investigated twin membership as a predictor variable and death from breast cancer, in addition to occurrence of breast cancer, as an alternative outcome variable. METHODS: Birth records for all deliveries at five different hospitals in Sweden during the period from 1874 through 1961 were used to define a large cohort of women. Incident case patients with breast cancer in this cohort were ascertained through the National Cancer Registry or the Uppsala Regional Cancer Registry from 1958 through 1994. In a case-control study nested in the cohort, we abstracted data from birth records on 1068 women with incident breast cancer and on 2727 control subjects individually matched to the case patients on date of birth. We modeled the data through conditional logistic regression. All P values were derived from two-sided statistical tests. RESULTS: We found a markedly reduced risk for breast cancer in women whose mothers had pregnancy toxemia (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.22-0.79) and an excess risk on women who had neonatal jaundice (OR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.27-3.67) or who were born before 33 weeks of gestation (OR = 3.96; 95% CI = 1.45-10.81). Compared with the risk for breast cancer in the singleton, the risk for breast cancer in dizygotic twins was increased, although this increase was not statistically significant (OR = 1.72; 95% CI = 0.92-3.20). There was no evidence in these data for a statistically significant or substantial association of breast cancer risk with birth size indicators (i.e., weight and length at birth and placental weight). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Because pregnancy toxemia is associated with low levels of estrogens and neonatal jaundice, severe prematurity, and dizygotic twins with high levels of estrogens, our findings suggest that estrogens and other hormonal factors, known to influence breast cancer risk in the adult, may also play a critical role during the intrauterine period.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

Fetal and neonatal deaths and congenital anomalies associated with open dumpsites in Alaska Native villages.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if women living in Alaska Native villages with open dumpsites ranked as higher hazard have higher rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes than women living in villages with sites that have lower hazard rankings. Adverse pregnancy outcomes examined included fetal and neonatal death and congenital anomalies. STUDY DESIGN: A population-based retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Birth records from 1997-2001 were used to identify the 10,360 eligible infants born to mothers who resided in 197 Alaska Native villages with dumpsite rankings. Exposure variables were derived from hazard rankings of dumpsites. Covariates were obtained from both birth certificate information and village-specific characteristics. RESULTS: Neither crude, nor adjusted estimates detected a statistically significant difference in rates between exposure levels, although adjusted estimates were positive in all congenital anomaly categories, except gastrointestinal defects. Infants born to mothers residing in villages with high hazard dumpsite contents were more likely (RR=4.27; 95% CI: 1.76, 10.36) to have anomalies classified as other defects. Other hazard factors were not significant predictors for any of the adverse outcomes examined. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to evaluate fetal and neonatal deaths and congenital anomalies associated with open dumpsites in Alaska Native villages. Problems with the study include a population-based exposure measurement, small sample size, and biases related to birth record information. Future studies should include more comprehensive registries of congenital anomalies.

Alaska↗
PubMed2005

Monthly variation in preeclampsia prevalence: Washington State, 1987-2001.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the extent of monthly variation in preeclampsia prevalence among primiparous women in Washington State who delivered from 1987 through 2001. METHODS: We identified all primiparae who gave birth to a singleton live infant during the study period using state birth records linked to hospital inpatient discharge data. We obtained a random sample and excluded women with pre-existing hypertension, renal disease, or diabetes mellitus or missing information on estimated date of conception (EDC) (n = 79 298). We defined preeclampsia (n = 6680) according to maternal birth hospitalization diagnosis codes and birth records. We calculated adjusted prevalence odds ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of preeclampsia in each month of conception, relative to the month of lowest prevalence. RESULTS: The prevalence of preeclampsia among primiparae was lowest among those conceiving in January (7.7%) and peaked among February, April, and July conceptions (8.9%). After adjustment, prevalence was significantly higher among women conceiving in February and April through August (PRs versus January: 1.14-1.19). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of preeclampsia among primiparous women in Washington peaks among those conceiving in spring and summer. Exposures with similar monthly fluctuations may contribute to the etiology of preeclampsia.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Maternal reproductive history: a registry based comparison of previous pregnancy data derived from maternal recall and data obtained during the actual pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the quality of data on previous pregnancies, based on maternal recall, to that of actual data in previous birth records, and to quantify to which extent recall based data bias results in epidemiologic studies on adverse reproductive outcomes. METHODS: Through linkage between agricultural censuses and the Medical Birth Registry, we identified 87,113 Norwegian female farmers with 174,764 single births in 1967-1991, including 533 late abortions (16-27 weeks). Data were linked into sibship records. In routine birth records, mothers provide information at each birth on previous fetal loss. Thus, we had information both based on recall and on the actual record. RESULTS: Among all mothers with a loss documented in previous records, 73.5% had a recall of previous loss (sensitivity), while 74.3% of all mothers reporting a previous loss also had a loss in previous sibship records (positive predictive value). Late abortion after a previous loss according to the sibship record was more frequent than after a previous loss based on maternal recall (18.3 vs. 10.8 per 1,000). There was a particular lack of recall for previous losses of short gestational age or when the current birth was a late abortion; both conditions tended to deflate the association between a previous and a current adverse outcome. Grain farming was associated with late abortion in mothers with previous loss in sibship records (odds ratio, 2.6) but not among mothers without previous loss (odds ratio, 1.0). When information on previous loss was based on maternal recall the odds ratios were 1.4 and 1.3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Consecutive sibship records give more valid information than data derived from maternal recall.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of school-based health clinics in St. Paul on school-wide birthrates.

School-based clinics in St. Paul have provided comprehensive health services, including reproductive health care, for almost two decades. This study examines the effects of those clinics on the birthrates in their respective schools, using a newly developed methodology with numerous advantages over previous methods for estimating student birthrates. Confidentially matching the names of female students from school records with the names of mothers on birth records at the Department of Health provided birthrates for each of the St. Paul public high schools with clinics for each year between 1971 and 1986. The results show that birthrates fluctuated dramatically from one year to the next, but school-wide birthrates were not significantly lower in the years immediately following the opening of a clinic than in the years preceding it.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1999

A woman's own birth weight and gestational age predict her later risk of developing preeclampsia, a precursor of chronic disease.

Preeclampsia is a major complication of pregnancy and a predictor of future chronic disease. We investigated the hypothesis that a woman's own weight and gestational age as a newborn influence her risk of developing preeclampsia later in life. This case-control study used linked computerized birth registry data from the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. The study subjects were women ages 12-20 who were born in Colorado after 1974, each of whom delivered a live infant in Colorado between 1990 and 1995. Cases were subjects with a report of eclampsia and/or preeclampsia on the 1990-1995 birth records (N = 345). Controls were randomly selected from subjects with uncomplicated pregnancies who were frequency matched to cases by year of delivery (N = 3,995). Records from each subject's pregnancy (1990-1995) were then linked to those from her own birth (1975-1983). Birth weight and gestational age, as recorded on the subject's birth records, were independently associated with the risk of developing preeclampsia after adjustment for age, parity, race/ethnicity, and other risk factors. The risk of preeclampsia decreased with increasing gestational age in a dose-dependent fashion; relative to mothers born post-term, adjusted odds ratios for preeclampsia ranged from 3.62 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.27-10.28] for mothers born at less than 34 weeks gestational age to 1.45 (95% CI = 0.85-2.45) for those born at term. Relative to women who were born at 8.5 lb or more, those born in the lowest weight category (under 4.5 lb) appeared at greatest risk for preeclampsia (odds ratio = 5.16; 95% CI = 1.24-21.51), although no directional trend was apparent. These findings suggest that women born small or premature may be at increased risk of developing preeclampsia as teenagers or young adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Impact of maternal age on birth outcomes: a population-based study of primiparous Brazilian women in the city of São Paulo.

The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of maternal age at first birth on low birth weight, preterm birth and low Apgar scores at one minute and at five minutes among live births delivered to primiparous Brazilian women in the city of São Paulo. Analyses were based on 73,820 birth records from the 1998 birth cohort. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between maternal age and each outcome variable, controlling for the following risk factors: delivery mode, plurality, sex, maternal education, number of prior losses, prenatal care, race, parity and community development. Maternal ages below 20 and above 30 years were significantly associated with the risks of low birth weight and preterm birth, but no association was found between maternal ages and Apgar score, with the exception that ages 15-19 reduced the odds of a low one-minute score. Even though this result seems to be inconsistent, low birth weight, preterm birth and low Apgar scores measure different dimensions of newborn well-being, and the association of each measure with maternal age is expected to diverge.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Unusual sex ratio of births to carbon setter fathers.

In the years of 1980-1990, there were 139 birth records filed in Washington State on which father's occupation was designated as "carbon setter," a job title specific to aluminum reduction plants of the prebake type. Fifty-three (53) of these records specified sex of the birth as male, while 86 records specified sex of the infant as female. This gives a sex ratio of 0.381, which is a significant departure from the usual sex ratio at birth (proportion male = 0.512). Surveillance of sex ratio by paternal occupation is a simple method of monitoring for genotoxicity.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed2002

The occurrence of chronic disease and other conditions in a large population-based cohort of native Californian twins.

We describe the prevalence of chronic diseases and conditions in a large cohort of twins, which has been developed to facilitate studies of the role of genetics and environment in the development of disease. The California Twin Program (CTP) comprises twins born in California between 1908 and 1982. Birth records from all multiple births (256,616 in total) were linked (multiple times between 1990 and 2001) with the California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) roster of licensees to obtain address information. The linkages have revealed 161,109 matches and, because of less complete DMV records in some years, were less successful in older females than in all others. To date over 51,000 of these twins have completed a detailed 16-page mailed risk factor questionnaire. Based on estimates of numbers of individuals receiving a questionnaire, our crude response rates are as high as 63.6% (among females currently in their 50s), with an overall crude response rate of 37.9%. Similar to our previous report regarding the first 42,000 twins, the current group who have completed the questionnaire are representative of the population from which they were drawn (in terms of age, sex, race and residential distribution). Self-reported disease frequencies are provided, along with current estimates of future cancer incidence and mortality rates likely to be observed in the group. We outline our plans for cohort expansion, additional studies using the cohort, and future plans for inviting collaboration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Low birthweight in Thailand: 1982.

Birthweight is sensitive index of social and economic change. The objectives of this study are to establish baseline birthweight, per cent of low birthweight and to determine maternal characteristics on LBW among Thai mothers. The study was based on data from birth records which was collected in 1982. The total number of samples used was 28,952. The lowest mean birthweight occurred in the North and Northeastern regions. These two regions had a mean birthweight of less than 3,000 g. The incidence of LBW was highest in the North at 12.8 per cent. The per cent of birthweight showed the highest with maternal age less than 20 years or parity equal to zero. Unskilled workers showed the highest per cent of LBW in the Northeast, North and the East and housewives in the West and South and farmers in the North.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Completeness of infant death registration for very low birthweight infants: Washington State 1978-79.

Washington State hospitals were queried about the fate of 507 infants born in 1978-79 for whom no linked death certificate existed. Only ten previously unregistered deaths were discovered, raising mortality for this group by 2.5 per cent. In addition, 13 previously unmatched death records were linked to birth records, providing more accurate calculation of birthweight-specific mortality rates. Washington State infant death registration is more complete that that found in either Georgia or North Carolina.

Birth Certificates↗
PubMed1989

The prediction of intrauterine growth retardation in remote area aboriginal women using serial fundal-symphysial height measurements.

A well recognised, simple and effective method of charting uterine growth by measuring the fundal-symphysial height serially was used in 3 tribal Aboriginal communities in East Arnhemland. A total of 34 women were followed with serial measurements using a nomogram derived from Quaranta et al. There were 7 births with recorded birth-weights of 2,500g or less (range 2,130g-2,500g). Six of these had serial fundal height measurements consistently at or below the 10th percentile. These 6 babies were also found to be small for gestational age. There were 13 births with recorded birth-weights between 2,500g-3,000g. Four of these babies had serial fundal height measurements at or below the 10th percentile and 3 of the 4 were small for gestational age. It is suggested that fundal-symphysial height measurements may be useful in the detection of intrauterine growth retardation, particularly in remote areas where there is a shortage of experienced medical personnel. It can be used by trained Health Workers and provides an objective record of antenatal progress.

Adult↗