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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Dorsomedial cutaneous nerve syndrome: treatment with nerve transection and burial into bone.

Damage to the dorsomedial cutaneous nerve of the foot, which innervates the medial hallux, may occur with crush injury or iatrogenically with bunion surgery. Severe neuritic pain after bunion surgery may alert the surgeon that this small nerve has been damaged. The term "dorsomedial cutaneous nerve syndrome" is suggested for this condition, and nine patients with such forefoot presentations, all of which were unresponsive to nonoperative interventions, are described. The nerve had been either transected or bound in scar tissue; in these nine cases, the nerve was then resected and buried in the proximal aspect of the first metatarsal or the medial cuneiform. Most patients underwent an additional procedure (other than the nerve procedure), such as revision bunionectomy or arthrodesis, but all felt they could clearly delineate nerve pain from bone or joint pain. All patients experienced marked relief of their symptoms, usually within days after the surgery, and were satisfied with the results. The verbal analog pain score, on a scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain requiring amputation), improved from a preoperative level of 8.6 to a postoperative level of 2.0. Resection and burial of this nerve appears to be a useful treatment for neuritis unresponsive to nonoperative measures.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Buried ion-exchanged glass waveguides: burial-depth dependence on waveguide width.

A detailed theoretical and experimental study of the depth dependence of buried ion-exchanged waveguides on waveguide width is reported. Modeling, which includes the effect of nonhomogeneous time-dependent electric field distribution, agrees well with our experiments showing that burial depth increases linearly with waveguide width. These results may be used in the proper design of integrated optical circuits that need waveguides of different widths at different sections, such as arrayed waveguide gratings.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Possible contaminant origins of the red cosmetics decorating ancient burial sites in Japan.

Marker elements were estimated from the red cosmetics collected from different ancient burials and mine ruins in three separate districts of Japan. Element levels were displayed in reference to the relative amount to sulfur (RA/S), by which the cosmetics were divided into five types: I--a low Hg/S with a low Fe/S; II--both moderate Hg/S and Fe/S; III--a moderate Hg/S with a high Fe/S; III 2--a high Hg/S with a moderate Fe/S; IV--a high Hg/S with a high Fe/S. The cosmetics can be further characterized by referring to other contaminants such as Zn, Cu, and Mn. These combined analyses with contaminant metals were capable of characterizing the origins of the cosmetics; it is useful to compare them to each other. The cosmetics were identified as being due to several groups of contaminants from ancient mines in Japan, and also with this system analysis of the markers it is possible to identify them from neighboring countries.

Archaeology↗
PubMed2000

Molecular sex identification of stillborn and neonate individuals ("Traufkinder") from the burial site Aegerten.

The study reconstructs the sex ratio of 121 stillborn and neonate individuals from the early modern burial site Aegerten, Switzerland. The immature individuals, who were not baptised before death, were buried along the walls of the church. To perform a molecular sex identification, bone samples from the infants were collected from different skeletal elements. Ancient DNA (aDNA) was isolated by a combination of automated phenol/chloroform extraction and precipitation with silica powder. A combination of manuell Chelex extraction and purification kit was also used to perform an extraction. Finally, the aDNA extracts were amplified with a primer system that amplifies a part of the amelogenin gene located on the human sex chromosomes. The morphometrical sex determination of the children suggests a large disproportion of female individuals (about 60%). This finding was compared to PCR-based amplification results. In contrast, the results of the molecular sex identification were a high proportion of male individuals. Looking at these results, it should be noted that the high mortality of male individuals during the last months of pregnancy and during the first month after birth is in accordance with the natural sequence of death also found in recent populations.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Ancient DNA-typing approaches for the determination of kinship in a disturbed collective burial site.

Several DNA-typing approaches are applied for identification and kinship analysis. Autosomal Short Tandem Repeat (STR) typing produces the genetic fingerprint that is unique to an individual. Y-chromosomal STR typing identifies individuals of the same paternal lineage, and sequence analysis of the hypervariable region of the mitochondrion can identify maternally related individuals. The combined approach of these DNA-typing methods allows the determination of kinship even in complex collective burial situations. In a bronze age collective site, the typing methods were tested for applicability to ancient DNA. For each approach, results were obtained, leading to the conclusion that the determination of kinship is achievable.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed2002

[Identification of fragmented bodies of the killed from group burials].

The article deals with the peculiarities of person identification of the great number of unidentified bodies subjected to considerable destruction and fragmentation and of the remains from the group burial places. The main principles of organization and conduction of objects' identification are formulated; the basic algorithm of these investigations is expounded. The authors substantiate the necessity of creation of specialized computer complex intended for identification of the fragmented bodies in the cases of their mass delivery.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed1998

[A fluorescence photometry study on the suberinite in the shallow burial peat].

A detailed study of the suberinite in the shallow burial peat from Zhenan basin, western Yunnan, has been carried out. The study has revealed that the suberinite is the most unstable maceral among all the stable macerals. It may be oxidized and/or decomposed, resulting in changes in the structure and, especially optical feature. The fluorescence light of the suberinite that has not been oxidized and decomposed is green with I546 ranging from 1.5 to 2.0; and the fluorescence spectrum has one peak: lambda(max) ranging from 480 to 510nm; Q500/650 ranging from 0.12 to 0.26; semi-wave width averaging 150nm. Nevertheless, those suberinites that are oxidized and/or decomposed give off yellow or yellowish brown fluorescent light and the I546 reduces to less than 1, even to 0.05 lambda(max) increases from 580 to 610nm; Q500/560 from 2.75 to 3.31. With illuminating time going by, the fluorescence feature of the suberinite could be changed, mainly in the fluorescence intensity and fluorescence spectrum. The suberinite that has been not oxidized and/or decomposed changes negetively in fluorescence intensity and its fluorescence spectrum moves towards red light wavelength. Nevertheless those suberinites that have been oxidized and/or decomposed change positively in fluorescence intensity and the fluorescent spectrum moves towards blue light wavelength.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2005

Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in an exhumed decomposed brain after twenty months of burial in a deep grave.

After 20 months of interment in a deep grave, the decomposed body of the 81-year old testator of a will was exhumed to sustain the burden of proof that he lacked testamentary capacity when the will was rewritten two days prior to his death. The brain was mushy and pulverized with complete disappearance of the brainstem, cerebellum and subcortical ganglia. Small foci of relatively intact dorsal frontal neocortex were identified. Sections from these foci were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, bielchowsky silver stain and immunostains for beta amyloid peptide (betaA4), tau and alpha-synuclein. Despite severe autolysis and decomposition, the bielchowsky stain and the betaA4 immunostains showed preserved frequent neuritic amyloid plaques with very few residual neurofibrillary tangles. Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy was present. At the present time this case represents the first documented and reported case of direct tissue diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease pathology in a decomposed brain following long term burial in a deep grave.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed2006

Comparative analysis of plant finds from Early Roman graves in Ilok (Cuccium) and Sćitarjevo (Andautonia), Croatia--a contribution to understanding burial rites in southern Pannonia.

A comparative archaeobotanical analysis of the plant remains from the Early Roman incineration graves in Ilok and Sćitarjevo shows the existence of a complex burial ritual, but at the same time enables a better understanding of the agriculture and trade of the 1st/early 2nd century AD in southern Pannonia. Most of the cereals found (Hordeum vulgare, Panicum miliaceum, Triticum monococcum, T. dicoccon, T. aestivum i T. cf. spelta), the legumes (Lens culinaris, Vicia ervilia) and the fruit contributions (Cucumis melo/sativus, Malus/Pyrus sp., the Prunus avium group, P. domestica, Vitis vinifera) were probably grown in the vicinity of the investigated localities, but they might at the same time have been trade goods. Trade was undoubtedly well developed at that period, as shown by the remains of the fig (Ficus carica) and olive (Olea europaea), typically Mediterranean crops, in the finds. All the species of cereals, except millet (Panicum miliaceum) in Sćitarjevo, and of bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) found in the Ilok grave were carbonised and were probably placed on the funeral pyre with the departed. The lentil (Lens culinaris) and the other fruit remains were non-carbonised and mineralised, which means that they were placed in the grave in fresh, dried or cooked form as food for the deceased (belief in an immortal soul), as remains of the funerary feast, or as a sacrifice to the goods.

Croatia↗
PubMed1996

[Psychological and psychiatric services provided to soldiers in the burial operation (Zaire, July-August 1994)].

In July 1994, a small contingent of the French army had the physically and psychologically difficult task of burying 40,000 cadavers in Goma (Zaire). This was the only way to eradicate a cholera epidemic which decimated 1,200,000 Rwanda refugees fleeing from the war. The mission of the military psychiatrist posted in Goma consisted of promoting mental health actions and providing psychological support for the soldiers most "exposed" to the burial operations. He was unable to avoid a dozen sanitary evacuations (out of 200 soldiers), some of which were abusive, but discreetly helped the small proportion (25%) of soldiers determined to complete their mission despite the development of symptoms of anxiety, depression and personality disorders. The others assumed their task with no apparent difficulties. The solidarity of the military group (especially in the form of small units) and the hierarchical structure of the army enabled each member of the contingent to complete this dreadful task.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Molecular sex determination in skeletal remains of premature and newborn infants of the Aegerten, Switzerland, burial field].

The morphological and morphometrical analyses of skeletal remains usually give reliable access to the gender of mature individuals while the analyses of skeletal remains of immature individuals allocate only 70-90% of the individuals. However, the use of modern techniques like the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) enables a sex identification also if fragmentary material or skeletal remains of children are investigated. The present study reconstructs the sex ratio of about 120 stillborn and neonate individuals of the burial place Aegerten, Switzerland. The morphometrical sex determination of the children suggests a large excess (about 60%) of female individuals. This finding was compared to the molecular sex identification. In order to perform a molecular sex identification aDNA was extracted from bone samples of the stillborn and neonate individuals. A standard phenol/chloroform extraction and a purification with a silica powder were carried out. Finally, the aDNA samples were amplified with a primer system for the amelogenin gene, that is located on the human sex chromosomes.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1998

Siberian population of the New Stone Age: mtDNA haplotype diversity in the ancient population from the Ust'-Ida I burial ground, dated 4020-3210 BC by 14C.

On the basis of analysis of mtDNA from skeletal remains, dated by 14C 4020-3210 BC, from the Ust'-Ida I Neolithic burial ground in Cis-Baikal area of Siberia, we obtained genetic characteristics of the ancient Mongoloid population. Using the 7 restriction enzymes for the analysis of site's polymorphism in 16,106-16,545 region of mtDNA, we studied the structure of the most frequent DNA haplotypes, and estimated the intrapopulational nucleotide diversity of the Neolithic population. Comparison of the Neolithic and modern indigeneous populations from Siberia, Mongolia and Ural showed, that the ancient Siberian population is one of the ancestors of the modern population of Siberia. From genetic distance, in the assumption of constant nucleotide substitution rate, we estimated the divergence time between the Neolithic and the modern Siberian population. This divergence time (5572 years ago) is conformed to the age of skeletal remains (5542-5652 years). With use of the 14C dates of the skeletal remains, nucleotide substitution rate in mtDNA was estimated as 1% sequence divergence for 8938-9115 years.

Asian People↗