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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Absent latissimus dorsi muscle and anhidrotic axilla in Poland's syndrome. Case report.

The case of an 18-year-old female with absence of the right breast, sternocostal part of the major pectoral muscle and total absence of the minor pectoral muscle and the latissimus dorsi muscle, is presented. She also had decreased sweating capacity and absence of terminal hairs in the central part of her right axilla. Histological examination of skin specimens from this area of the axilla demonstrated hypoplasia of the apocrine sweat glands, but normal eccrine sweat glands, indicating an apocrine dependent axillary sweating function. The breast was constructed using a direct subcutaneous prosthesis implant, giving a final result that was good in regard to shape and softness. This provides grounds for reconsidering the use of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap in breast constructions in Poland's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Imaging findings of Castleman's disease localized in the axilla: a case report.

Castleman's disease is a rare benign lymphoproliferative disorder of uncertain origin which most commonly involves the mediastinum but rarely affects the axilla. We report a case of localized Castleman's disease involving the axillary lymph node. Mammography revealed a well-defined, homogeneously dense ovoid mass, 3 cm in size, in the left axilla, while gray-scale ultrasonography (US) demonstrated a well-defined, uniformly hypoechoic ovoid mass with good through transmission. Peripheral hypervascularity was observed at power Dopper US, and early rapid homogeneous enhancement at contrast-enhanced dynamic CT.

Axilla↗
PubMed2003

[A case of undifferentiated bladder carcinoma with axilla lymph node metastasis successfully treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin].

A 68-year-old man diagnosed with undifferentiated bladder carcinoma underwent radical cystectomy in another hospital. His clinical staging was T3bN2M0. Four months after the operation, he had right axilla lymph node swelling and pain. He was referred to our hospital, and diagnosed with axilla lymph node metastasis of bladder carcinoma based on test results. Four cycles of GEM and CDDP chemotherapy were performed. After the chemotherapy, the metastatic focus disappeared completely from the CT scan, and the case was considered to be CR. It is suggested that this combination therapy may be useful for bladder carcinoma in advanced or metastatic stages.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Bilateral absence of the quadrangular space of the axilla].

In the 1988 student course on gross anatomy dissection of cadavers at Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, two cases of the absence of the quadrangular space of the axilla were found bilaterally in a 92-year-old female who had died of heart failure. The cases were investigated anatomically. The tendons of insertion of the latissimus dorsi and the teres major muscles and the tendon of origin of the long head of the triceps brachii muscle were united, forming a conjoint tendon that attached to the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and the lower part of the anatomical neck of the humerus adhering to the articular capsule of the shoulder joint. The subscapularis muscle was normal except that a muscular bundle arose from the conjoint tendon and inserted to the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the crest continuing down from the tubercle. A part of the conjoint tendon was covered by the insertion of the subscapularis muscle, and there was no space between the conjoint tendon and the insertion of the subscapularis muscle. The teres major muscle was poorly developed, but the area of origin was rather wide and arose from both the dorsal and costal surfaces of the scapula. The anatomical features of the latissimus dorsi and the long head of the triceps brachii muscles were normal except for the insertion of the former and the origin of the latter. The triangular space of the axilla was found to be surrounded by the conjoint tendon, teres major muscle, and the lateral border of the scapula covered by the subscapularis and the teres minor muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Unusual variations of the vasculonervous elements of the human axilla. Report of three cases.

Three cases of multiple anomalies involving the vessels and nerves of the axilla are reported. The main common characteristic between them was the unilateral existence of a superficial brachial artery. The other arterial variations encountered were mostly represented by an assembling of some of the usual branches of the axillary artery in a common trunk which we called thoracdorso-subscapular trunk. In two cases, this trunk gave rise to the posterior circumflex humeral artery. Several nervous anomalies accompanied these atypical vascular patterns. The medial fasciculus of the brachial plexus was absent in one subject and an aberrant course of the brachial artery through the median loop was then observed. The two other cadavers showed variations in the distribution of the intermediate trunk and lateral fasciculus of the plexus. Embryologically, the persistence of various segmental arteries in the axilla seems to be responsible for the described anomalies. Otherwise, the present study indicates that the segmental origin of the axillary artery and its pattern of branching may determine the arrangement of the brachial plexus during the fetal development.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Gram negative infection of the axilla].

Report on a 58-year-old woman with eczema-like lesions in both axillae. The lesions had been treated as a mycotic infection, but no fungi grew in the cultures. There was massive growth of pseudomonas aeruginosa, and some few colonies of B-streptococci were found. The lesions disappeared two weeks after treatment with gentamycin and water dressings. The disease is reported as "gram-negative infection of the axillae" because its clinical and anamnestic features are similar to those of the so-called "gram negative infection of the feet".

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of dissection of the axilla in modified radical mastectomy.

Fifty consecutive unselected patients with infiltrating carcinoma of the breast underwent radical mastectomy in two consecutive stages. The initial operation was a modified radical mastectomy, with preservation of the pectoral muscles, and the second stage, a procedure to transform the initial operation into a standard radical mastectomy. An analysis of the location and the number of the lymph nodes recovered in the two stage operation shows that a so-called modified radical mastectomy is inadequate to ensure the clearing of the axilla. Lymph nodes were recovered at the second stage of the operation in 36 patients, and seven of these patients had metastasis. Modified radical mastectomy was effective in erradicating the lymph nodes of the lower part of the axilla but inadequate for lymph nodes at levels II and III and, especially, the interpectoral lymph nodes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The primary role of the Erb's point--axilla segment in median and ulnar motor nerve conduction determinations in alcoholic neuropathy.

Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) was explored in the Erb's point-axilla (N-A) nerve segment of median and ulnar nerves, bilaterally, in 10 patients with a history of prolonged heavy drinking but in whom no other predisposing factors to peripheral neuropathy were found. For comparison, MNCV was determined also in the axilla-elbow (A-E), elbow-wrist (E-W) nerve segments, as well as the motor terminal latency (MTL) of the same nerves. A total of 140 nerve segments were tested tested but only 133 results were obtained. Abnormal MNCV or MTL was found in 36 or 27% of all tested nerve segments. From the latter, 38.9% were in the N-A nerve segments. Of N-A nerve segments tested, reduction in MNCV was found in 46.7%. Our results are statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The muscular arch of the axilla revisited: its possible role in the thoracic outlet and shoulder instability syndromes.

SUMMARY. The thoracic outlet syndrome and shoulder instability provoke well known and partly similar sensations, often described by the patient as "my arm feels deadellipsisI have no strength in my armellipsisI feel pins and needles in my armellipsis". In axillary surgery, there are sometimes reports of a fibromuscular band or string crossing the axilla. In the dissection room these bands are well known. Their reported incidence being about 10% at post mortem. Generally they are variations of the latissimus dorsi or the pectoralis major muscles, the most common form being known as the axillary arch or the arch of Langer. Simulations of abduction in combination with external rotation on dissected cadaveric material suggest a possible neurovascular compression at the transition from the axilla to the upper end of the brachial neurovascular bundle. Dissection confirms that the band is innervated by branches from the ansa pectoralis with a blood supply from the lateral thoracic artery. Following a case study, where the axillary arch negatively influenced the patients occupational skills, an extensive echographic study of 1321 subjects (1179 male, 142 female) was undertaken. A total of 188 arches was detected in 112 subjects (8.50%), mostly occurring bilaterally (incidence 5.80%). The incidence of the arch of Langer suggests that it should be considered in the differential diagnoses of thoracic outlet and shoulder instability syndromes. Copyright 1996 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Results of suture of the radial, median, and ulnar nerves after missile injury below the axilla.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional outcome and return to work after suture of upper extremity nerves after low-velocity missile injury. METHODS: Forty-one patients had suture of the radial, median, and/or ulnar nerves between the wrist and axilla, 3 to 17 weeks after low-velocity missile injury. Postoperative functional outcome was good if no supplemental techniques (permanent splints, tendon or muscle transfer, fusion) were required, fair if supplemental techniques were required to restore a functional hand, and poor if the hand was severely deformed. The follow-up period was 14 to 38 months. RESULTS: Supplemental techniques followed the suture of 11% of radial, 45% of median, 72% of ulnar, and 100% of combined median and ulnar nerve injury. After suture +/- supplemental techniques, patients returned to work in 100% of radial, 55% of median, 57% of ulnar, and 0% of combined median and ulnar nerve injuries. CONCLUSION: Nerve suture between the wrist and axilla and supplemental techniques achieve functional recovery in the majority of patients after missile injury with good expectations for return to work, except in combined median and ulnar nerve injuries.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1998

The design principles of axilla deodorant fragrances.

There are a number of ways that deodorant products control malodor: a) by suppressing sweat, b) by inhibiting bacterial activity, and c) by covering malodor. The paper focuses on the Givaudan Roure methodology used to develop fragrances that effectively cover malodor. Several steps are involved in the development of a successful deodorant fragrance. First, we test for substantivity of the deodorant fragrance material in the axilla, using odor value technology. Second, using an in vitro test with reconstituted axilla odor, we determine the effectiveness of the substantive fragrance material with carefully screened panelists. Third, using a multichannel olfactive blender, the perfumer creates a fragrance heart with effective deodorant fragrance materials that cover malodor in the vapor phase. Finally, the hedonically pleasing heart is used to create the final fragrance, which is then optimized using our in vitro test method.

Deodorants↗
PubMed2006

Lymphadenovarix in the axilla--an unusual presentation of filariasis.

Clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis depend on the area of lymphatic involvement and the duration of infection. A 21 year old man, resident in a filariasis endemic region, presented with multiple matted lymph nodes with cystic areas forming a large mass in his left axilla. An ultrasound scan of the axilla using a 7.5 MHz transducer revealed grossly dilated lymphatics but no filarial dance sign. Fine needle (21 G) aspiration cytology (FNAC) from the dilated lymphatics and solid areas in the lymph node mass revealed multiple microfilariae in a background of reactive lymphoid cells. Peripheral blood smears revealed microfilaremia with significant eosinophilia. Diagnosis of left axillary Bancroftian lymphadenovarix was made. On the administration of oral diethylcarbamazine, the diameter of the lymphatic vessels in the lymphadenovarix reduced considerably in size and microfilaremia disappeared. We report this case because axillary lymphadenovarix is a rare presentation of filariasis. This case is also unique since microfilariae were demonstrated in the fluid aspirated from the dilated lymphatics of the lymphadenovarix in the absence of live adult worms.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Patient preference for dissection of sentinel nodes outside level I-II of the axilla.

In this study patients' and female doctors' opinions about harvesting sentinel nodes outside the axilla are evaluated and patients' ability to understand the concept of sentinel node biopsy is investigated. Information leaflets and questionnaires were mailed to 100 patients with breast cancer who had undergone sentinel node biopsy and to 300 female doctors. Seventy-three (73%) patients and 148 (49%) female doctors returned the questionnaire. Fifty-eight (79%) breast cancer patients and 71 (48%) female doctors wanted harvesting to be done in order to determine whether the nodes were involved. Sixty-six (90%) patients and 128 (86%) female doctors wanted the procedure if it changed the treatment. Sixty (82%) patients understood the outcome of the sentinel node procedure. Patients with breast cancer seem to value the information gained by harvesting sentinel nodes outside the axilla and want the procedure if there is even the slightest possibility that it might change the adjuvant treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Transclavicular approach to the neck, thoracic inlet, and axilla.

OBJECTIVE: To describe claviculotomy and claviculectomy for access to lesions of the lower part of the neck, with simultaneous reconstruction. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective review of 15 patients who underwent claviculotomy for access to the lower part of the neck. RESULTS: Eight patients underwent plate reconstruction, and one patient required subsequent removal. Three patients underwent total claviculectomy, and four patients underwent partial claviculectomy. Ten patients are alive and free of disease, three have died of disease, and two are alive with disease. All but two patients are satisfied with shoulder function, and one patient is dissatisfied with the cosmetic result. CONCLUSIONS: The claviculotomy and claviculectomy technique for tumors that transgress the neck, thoracic inlet, and axilla offers maximal exposure for excision, vascular control, and preservation of vital structures. Modern plating techniques have allowed clavicular reconstruction with improved cosmesis and preservation of shoulder stability.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Postirradiation sarcoma (malignant fibrous histiocytoma) of axilla.

A case is reported of a patient who developed a histologically unusual sarcoma in the axilla and chest wall 8 years after receiving radiation therapy (6500 rad) for carcinoma of the breast. This sarcoma showed light- and electron-microscopic features of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma, a tumor not documented among 24 previously reported cases of postirradiation sarcoma following the diagnosis of breast carcinoma. In addition, the literature is reviewed and discussed regarding postirradiation sarcoma in general following breast carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Identification of the precursor of (S)-3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol, the sulfury malodour of human axilla sweat.

A careful study of human axillary microflora led us to the identification of a new strain of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. The role in axillary malodour formation of this microorganism was compared to those of Corynebacterium xerosis and Staphylococcus epidermidis, upon incubation on sterile human eccrine and apocrine axilla sweat. St. haemolyticus was responsible for the strongest sulfury malodour and the generation of the volatile sulfur compound (VSC) (S)-3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (3). In this study, we investigated the nonvolatile precursors of VSCs. Human axillary sweat was collected, fractionated and analysed by HPLC/APCI-MS (High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography coupled to Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometry). The precursor of 3 was identified as [1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylbutyl]-L-cysteinylglycine (Cys-Gly-(S)-conjugate; 12). Because Cys-Gly-(S)-conjugates are key intermediates in the glutathione biodetoxification pathway, other derivatives of 12, specifically glutathione-(S)-conjugate 11 and Cys-(S)-conjugate 13, were prepared. Compounds 11 and 13 were not detected by HPLC/MS of sterile sweat. Synthetic homologues 11, 12, and 13 were incubated with C. xerosis, St. heamolyticus, and St. epidermidis. We observed efficient conversion of precursors 12 and 13 to form VSCs when incubated with St. haemolyticus, with a clear preference for 12. C. xerosis and St. epidermidis were less efficient in cleaving Cys-Gly-(S)-conjugate 12 to form the corresponding thiol 3. Incubation of glutathione-(S)-conjugate 11 never led to the formation of 3 under the experimental conditions employed.

Axilla↗
PubMed2006

Added value of ultrasound in screening the clinically negative axilla in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: For staging purposes in breast cancer it is current practice to perform a sentinel node biopsy in a clinically negative axilla, followed by an axillary lymph node dissection if metastases are found in the sentinel node. To limit the number of surgical procedures it is therefore of importance to try and identify as much patients as possible who have axillary metastases. Clinical staging of the axillary nodes in breast cancer is mainly based on palpation, but ultrasound has been shown to be of additional value in detecting pathological nodes. METHODS: In this paper, we report our results of screening 131 breast cancer patients without palpable axillary nodes through ultrasound. RESULTS: Out of the 53 patients with axillary node involvement, 18 were identified as such by our radiologist, resulting in a detection score of 34%. DISCUSSION: This high rate is probably reached because of the limited number of radiologists performing this procedure, thereby rapidly increasing their experience.

Axilla↗