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Results for “Autogenic Training”

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PubMed1996

Two cases of panic disorder treated with autogenic training and in vivo exposure without medication.

The aim of this study was to use autogenic training in combination with in vivo exposure in the behavioral treatment of panic disorder without medication. Two cases of panic disorder with agoraphobic avoidance were presented. Case 1 was a 33 year old married female who exhibited mild panic symptoms, and case 2 was a 23 year old single male who had severe panic symptoms. Both subjects were successfully treated with the combination of these two techniques. Treatment effects were maintained for 9 years as a follow up in case 1, and for 4 years in case 2.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experienced changes of various behaviors through autogenic training].

Changes in certain physiological and psychological areas of 152 adult participants of several courses in Autogenic Training were examined. Before and after the 6-week courses the participants completed the Freiburger-Personality-Inventory (79 Form A, 73 Form B). Each of the 103 Items of the psychosomatic complex within the FPI was examined regarding the different nominal frequencies in both tests. Of the 20 of the Items changed most signified an improvement of the basic reaction.

Autogenic Training↗
PubMed1987

Cerebral blood flow in autogenic training and hypnosis.

In 12 healthy volunteers with at least an experience of six months in autogenic training (AT), the cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured at rest, in AT and in hypnosis (H). The results were correlated with individual test profiles. The cortical flow pattern at rest of our AT trained volunteers did not show the hyperfrontality which is described in the literature. This may be interpreted as an effect of better and habitualized relaxation in long trained AT practitioners. This flow pattern corresponds to the low grades of neuroticism and aggressivity found in the tests. Furthermore an activation in central cortical areas and a deactivation in regions which are associated with acoustic and autonomous functions occur. Possible explanations for these phenomena as well as for the relatively low perfusion of the left hemisphere at rest and activation in AT are discussed. The global rise of CBF in H may be an activation effect caused by resistance against the hypnotizer: the deeper the trance, the smaller the CBF increase in the motor cortical area needed for maintaining catalepsy of the right arm and in temporal cortical fields processing acoustic inputs.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Psychophysiological correlates of relaxation induced by standard autogenic training.

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to determine the psychophysiological changes induced in subjects by standard autogenic training (AT). Physiological measurements were taken under strict experimental conditions. METHODS: Thirty-one healthy students were divided randomly into two groups: the AT group and the control group. In the first session, the physiological variables were measured for all students before and after all were asked to relax in their own way. The AT group were then taught AT for 3 months, after which time the measurements were repeated. In the second session, the AT group practised the standard AT exercise, while the control group repeated their own form of simple relaxation. Electrocardiogram, plethysmogram (PTG) and blood pressure (BP) were measured while the students carried out a breathing rate of 15 cycles/min. The R-R intervals and BP were analysed by an autoregressive model for spectral analysis, and the data were compared by repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The AT group had a significant increase in the mean R-R interval and a significant decrease in the baseline deflection of the PTG in the second session. There were no significant changes in sympathetic activity except for the change in the PTG, although low frequency amplitude of systolic BP decreased slightly. CONCLUSIONS: AT was found to induce significant changes that were independent of respiration in healthy students, although paced breathing might have operated as a mental stress. The increase in mean R-R interval and the decrease in baseline deflection of the PTG were the most robust correlates of AT.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A longitudinal study of some physiological parameters and autogenic training.

Physiological parameters were studied over 4.5 months in normal high-school girls. One group frequently practised autogenic training (AT) whereas the other (control) did not. After 4.5 months the physiology of the AT, but not the control group had changed to some extent. The mean increase in finger skin temperature in the final session was significantly greater in the AT group than in the control group, especially in subjects who experienced hand warmth during AT. No significant differenced between groups were apparent for finger blood flow, but within the AT group the girls who experienced hand warmth showed a significantly greater blood flow than those who did not experience hand warmth. The electroencephalogram (EEG) of the AT group showed significantly more 'slow' (delta and theta) and less fast (alpha and beta) activity than at the beginning of the project. Microvibration (MV) of the thumb did not differ significantly in any comparisons. Both in the AT and control group means there were no significant differences between the periods before, during and after AT although significant changes did occur in some individuals of the AT group in the final session. In particular, in 3 of 14 AT subjects respiration rate decreases markedly even though weekly training had not included any breathing exercies. The results suggest that the effects of AT are predominantly long-term, resulting in gradual physiological changes that are maintained to some extent between practice periods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Visceral responses to opposite types of autogenic-training imagery.

The purpose of this experiment was to test whether suggestions of imagery of the type used in autogenic training have specific effects on autonomic responses. In order to control for the effort involved in imagery and to determine the specificity of the effect, opposite types of imagery were used: (a) hands warm and heavy, and (b) hands cool and light. Nine subjects were trained for six daily sessions. Within each day 16 stimulus presentations were made, equally balanced between the two types of imagery. Heart rate, respiration rate, and EEG in the alpha frequency were recorded throughout all sessions. The 'cool' instruction reliably increased heart rate and respiration above pre-stimulus baselines; the 'warm' instruction resulted in statistically insignificant changes in the opposite direction. Large, consistent individual differences in autonomic response were found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[A procedure for assessment "relaxed state" with reference to basic exercises in autogenic training].

The starting point of the present article was the fact that there is practically never a baseline-testing of "relaxability" before a relaxation training starts. This article presents such a procedure, which has been adapted from the "Autogenic Training". The procedure is suitable for application to groups, and consists of an instruction text for 11 exercises and a questionnaire. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were checked with data of an accidental sample (n = 106) of an orthopedic rehabilitation clinic. In order to check for the stability over time, the procedure was repeated after an interval of two to three weeks. Cronbach's coefficient alpha was .96 and .97 for the first and second testing, respectively. The corrected item-total-correlation varied between .56 and .87 for both testings. The retest-reliability of the score was .75. Factor-analysis yielded two factors for each testing, respectively. For one factor, items mainly referring to the heaviness- and warmthexercises had highest loadings. Items referring to the gerenal relaxation predominantly belonged to the other factor. Consequently, all the analyses point to the stability of the results over time.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Archetypic and mythological images detectable in respiratory autogenic training relaxation].

The author, after having described the procedure to thor, after having described the procedure to study the phenomena during the Respiratory Autogenic Training, points out the dynamycs which intervene among affective state, the fase of partial objects and coscience state. Therfore the A. analyses the function of the archetype and the relationship between implicit and explicit meaning.

Autogenic Training↗
PubMed2000

Autogenic training for stress and anxiety: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate all controlled trials of autogenic training (AT) as a means of reducing stress and anxiety levels in human subjects. METHOD: A search for all published and unpublished controlled trials was carried out in the four major databases, specifically CISCOM, Medline, PsychLit and CINAHL. RESULTS: Eight such trials were located, all of which are included here. The majority of trials were methodologically flawed. A range of outcome measures were used, with Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory being the most popular. Deviations from the accepted technique of AT were conspicuous and trials using the classical AT were in the minority. Seven trials reported positive effects of AT in reducing stress. One study showed no such benefit. Since one trial had used AT in combination with another technique, visual imagery, no conclusion can be drawn about the effect of AT in this case. CONCLUSION: No firm conclusions could be drawn from this systematic review. AT, properly applied, remains to be tested in controlled trials that are appropriately planned and executed.

Anxiety↗