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PubMed2002

Integrating local environmental management and federal/state interests through governance: the case of the Garden Island Environmental Advisory Committee.

The apparently unresolvable differences between managing national defense and local conservation, public recreation, and scientific research can be overcome through an advisory committee, with a strong and dedicated entity to drive the processes of governance and change. The case of the Garden Island Environmental Advisory Committee shows how the organizational and political difficulties of integrating state interests and federal concerns were met. Garden Island, off the coast of Perth, the capital of the State of Western Australia, is a base for the Royal Australian Navy which is administered by the federal Department of Defence. Examples are given of the committee's approach to integrated environmental management and the implementation of the Navy's environmental policy.

Australia↗
PubMed1991

The Indonesian Drug Advisory Committee and the drug approval process.

The Indonesian Food and Drug Agency began to evaluate drug applications in the early 1970s through an Advisory Committee. This was in response to the perestroika-like policy applied to our drug industry; nowadays there are more than 300 drug companies formulating some 13,5600 drug products. During 1977-1988, 603 drugs were evaluated by the Advisory Committee; 66% were single drugs and 34% were fixed dose combinations. Nine-hundred and twenty-five sessions were needed to arrive at decisions. Most of the applications (88.5%) were reviewed in one or two sessions but 8 drugs took 6-12 sessions. The time needed for assessment may vary from 1 to 3 months (61%), but some have needed almost a year and a half. There were 60% acceptances for single drugs and 35% for fixed combinations.

Developing Countries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments. Reflections on a Presidential Commission.

Like the National Commission and the President's Commission, the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments was formed to carry out specific ethical tasks. Yet the committee also had an "openness" mission, a charge to investigate allegations that the U.S. government secretly exposed Americans to environmental releases of radiation. Eighteen months later- and after sixteen public meetings, more than 200 interviews, and the review of about 400,000 documents-the committee delivered a 925-page report to the president.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1985

The role of the Prevention Advisory Committee in Michigan.

The role of a prevention advisory committee in maintaining Michigan's prevention effort is examined. Accomplishments in the areas of program development, communication, policy formulation, and advocacy are described and structural aspects contributing to the success of the committee are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Use of anthrax vaccine in response to terrorism: supplemental recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.

In December 2000, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) released its recommendations for using anthrax vaccine in the United States. Because of recent terrorist attacks involving the intentional exposure of U.S. civilians to Bacillus anthracis spores and concerns that the current anthrax vaccine supply is limited, ACIP developed supplemental recommendations on using anthrax vaccine in response to terrorism. These recommendations supplement the previous ACIP statement in three areas: use of anthrax vaccine for pre-exposure vaccination in the U.S. civilian population, the prevention of anthrax by postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), and recommendations for additional research related to using antimicrobial agents and anthrax vaccine for preventing anthrax

Anthrax↗
PubMed1991

Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis: recommendations for vaccine use and other preventive measures. Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory committee (ACIP).

This revision of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) statement on diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis updates the statement issued in 1985, and incorporates the 1987 supplementary statement, which addressed two issues: a) the risks and benefits of pertussis vaccine for infants and children with family histories of convulsions; and b) antipyretic use in conjunction with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine absorbed (DTP) vaccination among children with personal or family histories of convulsions (1,2). This document presents new recommendations for epidemiologic investigation and management of contacts of diphtheria patients. The updated recommendations include a review of the epidemiology of the three diseases and descriptions of the available immunobiologic preparations with appropriate vaccination schedules. Also included are a) new information on and reassessment of the possible relation between receipt of DTP and the occurrence of serious acute neurologic illness and permanent brain damage, b) revisions in the recommendations on precautions for and contraindications to pertussis vaccine use, and c) revisions on recommendations for chemoprophylaxis for household and other close contacts of pertussis patients. The Committee has reviewed and taken into consideration the recent report by the Institute of Medicine entitled, "Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines" in making these recommendations.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Comprehensive Cancer Centre Amsterdam Barrett Advisory Committee: first results.

BACKGROUND: Treatment and follow-up policy for Barrett's oesophagus are dependent on the grade of dysplasia. However, sampling error of random biopsy protocols and subjectivity of pathological grading may hamper endoscopic surveillance. METHODS: The Amsterdam Comprehensive Cancer Center Barrett Advisory Committee (BAC) is a regional multidisciplinary consultative working-group, offering revision of pathology, revision of pathology plus additional endoscopic diagnostics, or referral for treatment. RESULTS: Between July 1998 and July 1999 30 patients were referred to the B.A.C for advice; eighteen patients were referred because of suspicion of high grade dysplasia. Reassessment of biopsies, including additional quantitative pathology, with or without additional endoscopic diagnostics, led to adjustment of the grading of dysplasia in 15 patients (50%). A suspicion of low grade dysplasia was rejected in nine out of ten cases. Adjustment of the original diagnosis often influenced further therapy or follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: reassessment of conventional pathology, quantitative pathology, and additional diagnostic procedures might improve the accuracy of diagnosis and staging of malignant degeneration of Barrett's oesophagus, although experience is still limited. The complexity of the management of these patients demands a specialised multidisciplinary approach. A Barrett Advisory Committee can offer valuable contributions to the treatment of patients with Barrett's oesophagus.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2002

General recommendations on immunization. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP).

This report is a revision of General Recommendations on Immunization and updates the 1994 statement by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) (CDC. General recommendations on immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP]. MMWR 1994;43[No. RR-1]:1-38). The principal changes include expansion of the discussion of vaccination spacing and timing, recommendations for vaccinations administered by an incorrect route, information regarding needle-free injection technology, vaccination of children adopted from countries outside the United States, timing of live-virus vaccination and tuberculosis screening, expansion of the discussion and tables of contraindications and precautions regarding vaccinations, and addition of a directory of immunization resources. These recommendations are not comprehensive for each vaccine. The most recent ACIP recommendations for each specific vaccine should be consulted for additional details. This report, ACIP recommendations for each vaccine, and other information regarding immunization can be accessed at CDCs National Immunization Program website at http.//www.cdc.gov/nip (accessed October 11, 2001).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Advisory committees; establishment and termination--FDA. Final rule.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing the establishment by the Commissioner of Food and Drugs of the Medical Devices Advisory Committee and the termination of the existing devices panels. This document revises the agency's list of standing advisory committees to show these actions.

Equipment and Supplies↗
PubMed2000

Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

This report updates 1999 recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) on the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents (MMWR 1999;48[No. RR-4]: 1-29). These recommendations include five principal changes: a) the age for universal vaccination has been lowered to 50 years from 65 years; b) scheduling of large, organized vaccination campaigns after mid-October may be considered because the availability of vaccine in any location cannot be assured consistently in the early fall; c) 2000-2001 trivalent vaccine virus strains are A/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2)-like, A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1)-like, and B/Beijing/184/93-like strains; d) information on neuraminidase-inhibitor antiviral drugs has been added; and e) a list of other influenza-related infection control documents for special populations has been added. This report and other information on influenza can be accessed at the website for the Influenza Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC at .

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

Routine vaccination of children is an effective way to reduce hepatitis A incidence in the United States. Since licensure of hepatitis A vaccine during 1995-1996, the hepatitis A childhood immunization strategy has been implemented incrementally, starting with the recommendation of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in 1996 to vaccinate children living in communities with the highest disease rates and continuing in 1999 with ACIP's recommendations for vaccination of children living in states, counties, and communities with consistently elevated hepatitis A rates. These updated recommendations represent the final step in the childhood hepatitis A immunization strategy, routine hepatitis A vaccination of children nationwide. Implementation of these recommendations will reinforce existing vaccination programs, extend the benefits associated with hepatitis A vaccination to the rest of the country, and create the foundation for eventual consideration of elimination of indigenous hepatitis A virus transmission. This report updates ACIP's 1999 recommendations concerning the prevention of hepatitis A through immunization (CDC. Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP]. MMWR 1999:48[No. RR-12]:1-37) and includes 1) new data on the epidemiology of hepatitis A in the era of hepatitis A vaccination of children in selected U.S. areas, 2) results of analyses of the economics of nationwide routine vaccination of children, and 3) recommendations for the routine vaccination of children in the United States. Previous recommendations for vaccination of persons in groups at increased risk for hepatitis A or its adverse consequences and recommendations regarding the use of immune globulin for protection against hepatitis A are unchanged from the 1999 recommendations.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The role of scientific and expert advisory committees in food product research and approval.

Scientific and expert advisory committees responsible for food products often have the advantage of being relatively unhindered by rigid regulations and the simultaneous disadvantage of having few guidelines to clarify their role in directing the research and approval process. Committees can thus miss opportunities to function in a proactive advisory capacity, and to assist in predetermining what research and documentation are necessary for regulatory approval of a particular food product. This paper examines the ways scientific and expert committees for nutritional products can contribute to formulation of procedures for effective hypothesis and study design development, preparation of well-structured, complete dossiers for product approval, and transparent interactions with petitioners.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2002

[Tuberculosis control in Kobe City--analyses of advisory contents and disqualified cases by integrated tuberculosis advisory committee].

The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in Kobe City has been higher in comparison with that of Japan, thereby Kobe City ought to enforce anti-tuberculosis activities. Nine Wards public health departments of Kobe City used to convene their own tuberculosis advisory committees until April 1998, when a centralized committee was established to examine all TB patients. The new committee was authorized to issue clinical advice to registered physicians whenever necessary in order to improve treatment standard of TB. The author analyzed the contents of issued documents and observed any change in statistics before and after establishment of the committee. During the past 3 years, the new committee had sent 2,221 advisory documents to physicians, which occupied 35% of all 6,305 applied cases. Main suggestions included proper choice of anti-tuberculosis agents, adequate duration of treatment and reference to the results of laboratory examinations. In addition, 140 cases were rejected for medical expenses subsidy by TB Law to avoid unnecessary long-term treatment. Main reasons of rejection were long-term treatment despite negative bacilli too more than one year, continuous single INH administration following the completion of the standard treatment and unnecessary treatment for the cases with inactive findings on chest X-ray. Since the establishment of the integrated committee, the statistics of TB has demonstrated a significant decrease in the incidence and the prevalence of TB with its annual reduction of 5.6, and 11.5 per 100,000 respectively. The proportion of bacteriologically confirmed cases among newly registered patients has increased, and the diagnostic accuracy was improved due to the decrease in the unknown bacteriology case. The proportion of the case treated by INH alone fall down rapidly and it is lower than that of the whole country. These data demonstrate that the integrated tuberculosis advisory committee contributes to standardize anti-tubercular treatment through dissemination of proper guidance on TB diagnosis and treatment to all medical facilities in the city.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed2001

Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

This report updates the 2000 recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) on the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents (MMWR 2000;49[No. RR-3]:1-38). The 2001 recommendations include new or updated information regarding a) the cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination; b) the influenza vaccine supply; c) neuraminidase-inhibitor antiviral drugs; d) the 2001-2002 trivalent vaccine virus strains, which are A/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2)-like, A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1)-like, and B/Sichuan/379/99-like strains; and e) extension of the optimal time period for vaccination through November. A link to this report and other information regarding influenza can be accessed at the website for the Influenza Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC at .

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

This report updates the 2001 recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents (MMWR 2001;50 [No. RR-4]:1-44). The 2002 recommendations include new or updated information regarding 1) the timing of influenza vaccination by risk group; 2) influenza vaccine for children aged 6-23 months; 3) the 2002-2003 trivalent vaccine virus strains: A/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2)-like, A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1)-like, and B/Hong Kong/330/2001-like strains; and 4) availability of certain influenza vaccine doses with reduced thimerosal content. A link to this report and other information related to influenza can be accessed at the website for the Influenza Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/flu/fluvirus.htm.

Acetamides↗