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PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of methyluracil on the sensitivity of animals to cardiac glycosides and on the coronary blood flow].

Tests conducted with rabbits, cats and mice showed methyluracil to lower the sensitivity to strophanthin in rabbits with myocardial infarction and in intact mice and its intravenous introduction reducing the toxicity of Adonis L. in cats. Oral administration of methyluracil for one week did not prevent in critical tests a strophanthin-induced arrhythmia in intact rabbits and in those with myocardial infarction. Intravenous administration of methyluracil caused an increase of the coronary circulation rate.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Toxicity and pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (Deuteromycotina, Hyphomycetes) and fipronil to the fringe-toed lizard Acanthodactylus dumerili (Squamata: Lacertidae).

Reptiles in arid and semiarid zones are frequently exposed to insecticides sprayed to control locusts and grasshoppers. We evaluated the toxicity and pathogenicity of new biological and chemical control agents to the fringe-toed lizard Acanthodactylus dumerili in Mauritania, West Africa. A mycoinsecticide based on spores of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (isolate IMI 330189, Green Muscle) was tested at high challenge concentrations, using three exposure routes. Thirty-minute inhalation exposure to 3.9 x 10(8) viable conidia/L had no adverse effect. Locomotor activity, feeding activity, food consumption, body weight, and liver-to-body weight ratio were similar among treatments. Gross necropsy revealed no pulmonary lesions, hyphal mats, clumps of spores, or other abnormalities associated with fungal infections. Oral exposure to an oil-miscible flowable concentrate administered at approximately 10(7) viable conidia/g body weight had no effect on locomotor activity, food consumption, and body weight of survivors. However, two of the treated lizards died within one week of exposure. Feeding activity (sexes pooled) and relative liver mass of female survivors were significantly reduced. This was also observed in lizards treated with deactivated (nonviable) conidia, indicating an inherent toxicity of the formulation. Limited necropsy examination at four weeks posttreatment revealed that one lizard treated with viable spores had developed a pulmonary mycetoma that contained a clump of viable spores and fungal mycelium. The toxicity of mycotoxins was tested by feeding mycosed nymphs of desert locust Schistocerca gregaria to lizards. An average consumption of 231 mg (females) or 260 mg (males) nymphs/g body weight showed no adverse effect for any of the endpoints. No risk due to the pathogen is anticipated at recommended field application rates. The second agent tested was fipronil (Adonis), a phenylpyrazole insecticide. A single dose of 30 microg fipronil/g body weight was administered via contaminated prey or stomach instillation. The percentage of dead or moribund lizards at four weeks posttreatment was 62.5% in animals fed contaminated prey and 42.0% in gavaged animals. In both tests, survivors showed significantly reduced feeding activity, food consumption, body weight, and organ-to-body-weight ratios (liver and/or fat body). The high toxicity of fipronil to lizards was not previously known, suggesting that follow-up studies (e.g., subacute dietary tests) are needed to provide adequate data for risk assessment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on antioxidative activity of some C-glycosylflavones.

Ten flavonoid C-glycosyl derivatives: orientin (1), isoorientin (2), vitexin (3), isovitexin (4), isovitexin 7,2"-di-O-glucoside (5), isovitexin 7-O-galactoside-2"-O-glucoside (6), two different 6,8-di-C-hexosylapigenins (7, 8), and two different 6-C-hexosyl-8-C-pentosylapigenins (9, 10) have been either produced from flavonoid fractions from Adonis vernalis L. (1, 2) and Crataegus species (3, 4), or isolated from Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (5-10) to study their antioxidative properties. These were found only for two compounds: orientin (1) and isoorientin (2).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Detection of poisoning by plant-origin cardiac glycoside with the Abbott TDx analyzer.

Cardiac glycoside poisoning caused by ingestion of plant material is common in tropical and sub-tropical areas. In evaluating the use of the Abbott TDx Digoxin II assay to detect such cases of poisoning, we found it a rapid and convenient method for confirming the ingestion of glycosides from the plants Nerium oleander, Thevetia peruviana, and Adonis microcarpa, and from the toad Bufo marinus. Here we report some clinical cases illustrating our experience with the use of this assay, and describe results of cross-reactivity studies with compounds structurally similar to digoxin. Because of the competitive nature of the immunoassay as well as the complexity of the mixture of cross-reacting cardiac glycosides present in the plant material, the measured apparent digoxin concentration is not linearly related to the cardiac glycoside concentration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Pseudo-(venocuran-)lupus--a minor episode in the history of medicine].

Pseudolupus is a syndrome characterized by recurrent fever arthralgia, myalgia, involvement of lung and heart, high sedimentation rate, leukocytosis and lymphopenia. The diagnosis is established by the presence of circulating antimitochondrial antibodies. In 1975 it was found that the disease was due to prolonged treatment with Venocuran, a drug against venous disorders composed of phenopyrazone (pyrazolone derivative), horse-chestnut extract, and Miroton (glycosides extracted from white squill [Urginea maritima], convallaria, oleander and adonis). The drug was then withdrawn. No new cases have come to our attention since then. 15 patients with severe pseudolupus known to us in 1975 have now been followed up. In 6 of the patients all symptoms disappeared within weeks or a few months after withdrawal of the drug. However, the other 9 patients had at least 1 and often 2--3 relapses in the following months to years. In some patients, symptoms remained as long as 4--5 years. Antimitochondrial antibodies persisted in 4 patients for more than 3 years and in 1 patient are still detectable now. The pathomechanism of pseudolupus has not been elucidated.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed2002

Density gradients of trans-synaptically labeled collicular neurons after injections of rabies virus in the lateral rectus muscle of the rhesus monkey.

We evaluated the two-dimensional distribution of superior colliculus (SC) neurons visualized after retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies virus injected into the lateral rectus muscle of rhesus monkeys to test whether the density of projection neurons might play a role in the spatiotemporal transformation and vector decomposition. If this were the case, the number of horizontal eye movement-related SC neurons should increase with their distance from the rostral pole of the SC and decrease with their distance from the representation of the horizontal meridian. Labeled neurons of the intermediate SC layers were counted inside a 1-mm-wide band that matched the horizontal meridian of the collicular motor map. Local areal densities were plotted against distance from the rostral SC pole. At 2.5 days after inoculation, there was no labeling in the SC. At 3 days, moderate labeling appeared on both sides, mostly in the intermediate layers. At 3.5 days, cell numbers substantially increased and the laminar distribution changed as cells appeared in the superficial SC layers. At 3 days, rostrocaudal density profiles were unimodal, with peaks at locations near 50 degrees (contralateral SC) and 25-30 degrees (ipsilateral SC) horizontal eccentricity. At 3.5 days, distributions were bimodal due to the appearance of a second high-density region near the rostral pole of the SC. The distribution of SC neurons influencing the abducens nucleus, thus, was nonuniform. Caudal sites contained more neurons, but the experimentally observed density gradients were shallower than the theoretically predicted ones that would be necessary to fully account for the spatiotemporal transformation. Similarly, we studied the distributions of cell densities in the intermediate SC layers along an isoamplitude line (representing saccades of equal amplitudes but different directions). Consistent with theoretical estimates of the density gradients required for vector decomposition, we found that the concentrations of labeled cells were highest in the vicinity of the horizontal meridian but their decrease toward the periphery of the motor map was steeper than predicted. We conclude that SC cell density gradients cannot fully account for the spatiotemporal transformation and vector decomposition in the absence of an additional mechanism such as the previously demonstrated (Grantyn et al., [1997] Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 23:1295; Moschovakis et al., [1998] J. Neurosci. 18:10219-10229) locus-dependent weighting of the strength of efferent projections to the saccade generators.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The significance of baseline tachycardia in the postterm fetus.

Two cases of uncomplicated fetal baseline tachycardia in postterm pregnancies that resulted in fetal death are reported. The tachycardia was the only sign of fetal distress in both cases. Although the condition is not usually considered and ominous sign of fetal outcome, the authors recommend immediate cesarian section in postterm cases of severe fetal baseline tachycardia occurring before or during labor.

Adult↗