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PubMed2003

Abortion rate and contraceptive practices in immigrant and native women in Sweden.

AIM: The aim of this study was to analyse whether immigrant women request induced abortion more frequently than Swedish-born women and, if so, to study possible explanations, including contraceptive practices and attitudes. METHODS: All women who requested induced abortion during a period of one year were included in the study. The 1289 women, of whom 36% were born outside Sweden, were interviewed by a nurse-midwife who, using a structured protocol, gathered information on socioeconomic factors, reasons for abortion, experience of contraceptive methods, and family planning counselling. The proportion of women with non-Swedish origin in the study population was compared with the official demographic statistics of the corresponding area. RESULTS: The number of women born outside Sweden who requested induced abortion was larger than expected from their proportion in the population. The immigrant women originated from 77 countries and four continents, the largest subgroup, 11%, coming from Iran. Immigrant women had less experience of contraceptive use, more previous pregnancies and more induced abortions than women born in Sweden. In a multivariate analysis, immigrant status and educational level were found to be independent risk factors for repeat abortion. CONCLUSION: Immigrant status seems to be an independent risk factor for induced abortion. The immigrant women originated from a wide range of cultures. There is no reason to believe that the women in this heterogeneous group should have any cultural factor in common that could explain their higher proneness to seek induced abortion. The most probable cause is that immigrant status is associated more often with low education, weak social network, poverty, unemployment, and being outside common pathways to healthcare.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1976

Postpartum contraception: subsequent pregnancy, delivery, and abortion rates.

The first subsequent pregnancy rate in a group of women who accepted a variety of contraceptive methods after delivery and after therapeutic abortion is reviewed. Regardless of method chosen, 20 to 30% of postdelivery and 18 to 20% of postabortion patients were pregnant again after 1 year. In those patients who chose no method, 30 to 40% of postdelivery patients and 19 to 30% of postabortion patients were pregnant again 1 year later. When the postdelivery and postabortion patients were compared by outcome of this first subsequent pregnancy, there was no indication that subsequent therapeutic abortion was utilized to a greater extent by those who had had a prior therapeutic abortion than by those who had had a prior delivery.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1991

The fetal life table revisited: spontaneous abortion rates in three Kaiser Permanente cohorts.

A cohort of 9,055 singleton pregnancies was identified by conventional urine tests or physician examination at the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program in Northern California in 1981-1982. Using life table methods, we estimated the cumulative risk of spontaneous abortion or fetal death through the end of pregnancy as 13.0% of all pregnancies surviving 1 week or more past the time of the first missed menses. This value was lower than the estimates of 15.1% and 16.0%, respectively, from two previous fetal life table studies conducted at Kaiser Permanente in prior decades, but similar to estimates from recent, smaller studies of early pregnancy diagnosed by human chorionic gonadotropin. The major difference in survival between the three Kaiser Permanente cohorts was in the earliest gestational week of observation, week 5 from the last menstrual period, where the older data were sparse and potentially biased. High loss rates during this week accounted for one-fourth to one-third of the cumulative risk observed in the older studies. Although the older cohorts were larger, the 1981-1982 cohort included five times and three times as many pregnancies under observation during week 5 from the last menstrual period, yielding more stable estimates for this period. Because of improved reliability of early pregnancy testing and an emphasis on early prenatal care, the mean gestational age at entry to the 1981-1982 cohort was 10.4 weeks from the last menstrual period compared to 14.3 weeks and 13.7 weeks for the older studies. All three studies showed a peak for risk of spontaneous abortion around weeks 10-12 from the last menstrual period.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2001

Reduced reproduction with increased abortion rate in transgenic mice that overexpress 15-lipoxygenase.

15-Lipoxygenase (15-LOX) is a lipid-oxidizing enzyme that is involved in cell cycle regulation. To evaluate the effect of 15-LOX on reproduction, we studied transgenic mice that overexpress 15-LOX. The transgene was introduced over the genetic background of the low density lipoprotein receptor deficient mice (LDL-R(-/-)) and reproduction was compared to LDL-R(-/-) mice. We found a lower pregnancy rate in the 15-LOX/LDL-R(-/-) mice as compared to the LDL-R(-/-) mice (62.74 vs. 79.1%, p < 0.01). Additionally, a remarkably higher number of resorptions per pregnancy was found in the 15-LOX/LDL-R(-/-) mice (16.7 vs. 3.27%, p < 0.001) and it was accompanied by a significantly higher activity of the 15-LOX enzyme in these resorptions as compared to other tissues. These findings may implicate a role for 15-LOX in the development of spontaneous abortions.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2003

Serological status and abortion rate in progeny obtained by natural service or embryo transfer from Neospora caninum-seropositive cows.

Bovine neosporosis is an important disease in dairy herds in Argentina. Embryo transfer (ET) technology offers the opportunity to minimize vertical transmission of neosporosis. The objective of this work was to compare the serological status and the incidence of abortion between heifers obtained via natural service and heifers obtained by ET from Neospora-infected cows. Progeny from eight Neospora-infected cows belonging to a commercial dairy farm where ET was routinely performed were studied. Between 1996 and 2001, 16 and 15 heifers were obtained by natural service and ET, respectively. Serostatus and reproductive performance were recorded in both progeny. Serostatus was determined by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). All heifers obtained by natural service were seropositive and six of 16 pregnancies ended in abortion. All heifers obtained by ET were seronegative and only two abortions of 15 pregnancies were recorded.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2006

Abortion rate and contraceptive practices in immigrant and Swedish adolescents.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To analyze if immigrant girls request early pregnancy termination more frequently than ethnic Swedish girls and, if so, study possible explanations, including contraceptive practices and attitudes. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: All women under 19 years of age who attended a large abortion clinic during one year were interviewed. Out of 126 adolescents, 36% were born outside Sweden. The immigrant girls (37 born abroad and 23 with at least one parent born abroad) were compared to 66 ethnic Swedish girls regarding contraceptive habits, reasons for abortion and social factors. RESULTS: The proportion of adolescents born abroad was larger than expected: 38 (29%) were born outside Sweden, compared to 18% in corresponding areas of Stockholm. The ethnic Swedish girls had fewer previous pregnancies than first and second generation immigrants and had more experience of contraceptive counselling. The most common reason for abortion in both groups was the wish to finish education. Ethnical Swedish girls claimed young age as reason for abortion more often than immigrants; economic reasons and reasons related to partner relationship were also common. CONCLUSION: First generation immigrant girls are over-represented among adolescents who seek termination of pregnancy. This can be explained by the fact that the immigrant girls had less experience of contraceptive use and contraceptive counselling than ethnical Swedish girls.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1999

Abortion rates reflect the optimization of parental investment strategies.

Parental investment decisions in human beings, including infanticide, have usually been considered in relation to the postnatal survival probabilities of their children. A number of factors which influence parental ability and willingness to invest in offspring have been identified from these studies. Here we argue that at least some of the same factors which influence investment decisions postpartum also affect the decision to terminate a current pregnancy through voluntary abortion. We show that both female age and marital status influence the probability of abortion, with the key variable being the likelihood of future marriage. Thus, abortion procedures extend a woman's ability to manage her reproduction into the prenatal period.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1988

[Early abortion rate in sterility patients: early pregnancy factor as a parameter].

To evaluate the diagnostic value of Early Pregnancy Factor (EPF) measurements in infertile patients, we performed a modified rosette inhibition test in 58 women after follicular stimulation and/or homologous artificial insemination (AIH). The patients were grouped according to the main diagnosis as cervical hostility, poor semen quality, and anovulation. While the overall fertilization rate in our patients was 39.6%, which is considerably lower than in comparable studies of fertile women, the pregnancy rates per EPF positive cycle in the various groups were 25.0%, 30.8%, and 50.5%, respectively. As the process of fertilization can be detected by EPF measurement within 48 h after ovulation, a distinction can be made between failure of fertilization and of implantation. Thus, a valuable diagnostic tool has become available for treatment of infertile patients.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗