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PubMed1997

Caloric restriction reduces fiber loss and mitochondrial abnormalities in aged rat muscle.

The influence of caloric restriction (CR) initiated at 17 months of age was investigated on selected age-associated measures in skeletal muscle. Tissue from young (3-4 months) ad libitum-fed, old (30-32 months) restricted (35% and 50% CR, designated CR35 and CR50, respectively), and old ad libitum-fed rats (29 months) was studied. CR preserved fiber number and fiber type composition in the vastus lateralis muscle of the CR50 rats. In the old rats from all groups, individual fibers were found with either no detectable cytochrome c oxidase activity (COX-), hyperreactivity for succinate dehydrogenase activity (SDH++; also known as ragged red fibers [RRF]), or both COX- and SDH++. Muscle from the CR50 rats contained significantly fewer COX- and SDH++ fibers than did the muscle from CR35 rats. CR50 rats also had significantly lower numbers of mtDNA deletion products in two (adductor longus and soleus) of the four muscles examined compared to CR35 rats. These data indicate that CR begun in late middle age can retard age-associated fiber loss and fiber type changes, as well as increases in the number of skeletal muscle fibers showing mitochondrial enzyme abnormalities. CR also decreased the accumulation of mtDNA deletions.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changing face of pain: evolution of pain research in psychosomatic medicine.

OBJECTIVE: This article provides an overview of how psychosomatic research on pain has evolved over the past 60 years as exemplified by studies published in Psychosomatic Medicine. METHODS: Each issue of Psychosomatic Medicine from 1939 to 1999 was reviewed to identify papers that dealt with pain, painful medical conditions, or pain management. A total of 150 papers were identified and grouped into seven categories: 1) case studies; 2) studies of personality traits and other individual differences; 3) psychophysiological studies of pain; 4) studies using pain induction techniques; 5) studies examining the relation of relation of race, ethnicity, and culture to pain; 6) studies of pain unique to women; and 7) studies examining treatments for pain. RESULTS: A substantial number of studies on pain and painful conditions were published in the Journal in the 1940s and 1950s, and that number has almost doubled in the most recent full decade of the Journal. Within the pain area, however, the topics of interest to psychosomatic researchers have been, and continue to be, quite diverse. Although publications on certain methods or topics (eg, psychodynamic case studies, physiological correlates of pain) have decreased over time, publications on other topics (eg, personality traits and individual differences) have remained relatively constant, and publications on still other topics (eg, studies using pain induction techniques; studies of race, ethnicity, and culture; women's pain; and treatment studies) have flourished recently. CONCLUSIONS: Considered overall, the results of our review suggest that the face of pain research published in PM has changed considerably in the past 60 years. Given the ongoing commitment of psychosomatic researchers to this area, we expect this evolution to continue in the years to come.

Female↗