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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Biotyping of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus using the API 2ONE system.

The API 2ONE system for the identification of non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli enables the discrimination of a possible 209 different biotypes of Acinetobacter spp. and consequently has potential for use as an Acinetobacter spp. typing system. A total of 122 separate strains of Acinetobacter spp. isolated in Nottingham hospitals over a 4 year period from a wide variety of clinical specimens, divided into 31 different biotypes which were stable over a 1 year storage period. Two biotypes predominated, one of which was a multiply resistant strain of A. calcoaceticus variant anitratus. The API 2ONE system was found to be a rapid method for biotyping strains of Acinetobacter spp. and was helpful in monitoring cross-infection and spread of particular strains of Acinetobacter spp. in the hospital environment.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of the API 20E and Microbact 24E systems for the identification of Pseudomonas pseudomallei.

One-hundred isolates of Pseudomonas pseudomallei were used to evaluate the API 20E and Microbact 24E rapid identification systems. The API 20E system identified 50% of the isolates using the revised 1979 Manual only, and 63% when referral was made to the computer centre. A higher identification rate (69 and 87%, respectively) was achieved with a longer incubation period of 96 h. The Microbact 24E system identified 84% of the isolates as P. pseudomallei using the revised 1983 Manual, and 100% when referral was made to the computer centre. The Microbact 24E system would appear to be a reliable system for the identification of P. pseudomallei.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Comparative evaluation of Vitek gram-positive identification system and API Rapid Strep system for identification of Streptococcus species of bovine origin.

The Vitek Gram-positive identification system (GPI, Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, MO) and the API Rapid Strep system (Analytab Products, Plainview, NY) were evaluated for species identification of streptococci isolated from bovine mammary glands and compared to conventional biochemical methods. A total of 144 strains including Streptococcus uberis (60), S. dysgalactiae (32), S. agalactiae (15), S. bovis (15), Enterococcus faecium (10) and Ent. faecalis (12) were evaluated. All reference strains were identified correctly by both systems. Vitek GPI card system identified 94.4% of strains, including 95% of S. uberis, 93.8% of S. dygalactiae, 93.3% of S. agalactiae and S. bovis II, 90% of Ent. faecium and 100% of Ent. faecalis. Majority of strains were identified with a 90-99% level of confidence, with an average of 8 h needed for identification. The API Rapid Strep system identified 96.5% of strains correctly, including 95% of S. 96.9% of S. dysgalactiae, 93.3% of S. agalactiae, and 100% of S. bovis II, Ent. faecium, and Ent. faecalis. Majority of strains were identified with excellent level of identification. With the exception of S. uberis, most strains were identified at 4 h of incubation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of API SerImm Sure strips for screening and grouping Salmonella isolates.

Two new latex agglutination products in which the reagents are dried in macrocupules in plastic strips were evaluated. API SerImm Sure Salmonella Poly for screening and API SerImm Sure Salmonella for grouping (Analytab Products, Plainview, NY) were tested with 63 recent isolates and 72 stock strains of Salmonella groups A-E and 43 stock strains of Salmonella groups F-67. Of the homologous strains, the polyvalent reagent correctly identified 89%, and the grouping reagents 90%. The most commonly occurring serotypes of groups A-E were identified. The major problems were failure to identify Group B 1,4,12,27, and group D29,46 strains, and lack of macrocupules with normal serum-latex controls. The major advantage of the products is convenience, since the SerImm Sure packaging eliminated the need to dilute anti-sera and prepare slides.

Indicators and Reagents↗
PubMed2026

Feeding the disease: The impact of nutritional supplementation on Nosema (Vairimorpha) infection in honey bees (Apis mellifera).

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) experience variable colony losses across regions and years, with infectious diseases representing a key component of colony health challenges. Among the most prevalent pathogens are the microsporidian parasites Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, whose impacts on host survival and transmission vary widely depending on context. While nutritional supplementation is commonly used to support honey bee health, its effects on Nosema infection outcomes remain unclear. Here, we experimentally tested whether dietary enrichment alters survival and infection intensity following exposure to a mixed Nosema inoculum. Newly emerged worker bees were challenged with Nosema spores and maintained on either a basic sucrose diet or the same diet supplemented with a commercial pollen substitute. Dietary enrichment significantly increased both mortality risk and infection intensity in Nosema-infected bees, while having no detectable effect on survival in uninfected controls. These results indicate that supplementation can, counter intuitively, exacerbate nosemosis by promoting parasite replication rather than enhancing host resistance. Our findings highlight the importance of distinguishing nutritional effects on host tolerance versus resistance, and caution that interventions intended to improve bee nutrition may inadvertently increase pathogen production and transmission potential under certain conditions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathogenicity of Spiroplasma apis and other spiroplasmas for honey-bees in southwestern France.

The haemolymph of honey-bees affected by a May disease-like disorder in southwestern France contained numerous spiroplasmas. Further characterization of the organisms and pathogenicity assays showed that the causal agent of the disease was a spiroplasma belonging to group IV. The name Spiroplasma apis was given to the reference strain B31 (ATCC 33834), one of the numerous similar isolates cultured from May-disease-affected bees. Spiroplasma isolates related to S. apis could be grown from the surface of flowers collected within the area visited by bees from the diseased hives. Several other strains belonging to group IV spiroplasmas were also isolated from the surface of flowers growing in southwestern France. In the same area, we also isolated, from pools of apparently healthy honey-bees and from the surface of a tulip tree flower, spiroplasma strains belonging to group I-2. One of these strains was shown to be pathogenic when introduced into adult bees by injection or food ingestion.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of the API 20C for identification of yeasts.

The API 20C reactions were compared with the results of conventional methods for identifying yeasts using 45 strains. There was a 98% (44/45) correlation between the two methods in the identification of the yeasts. Individual fermentation tests ranged from 89 to 100% correlation, with an average agreement of 96.7%. The assimilation tests ranged from 85 to 100% correlation, with an overall agreement of 97.3%. The two methods had 91% agreement for cycloheximide resistance. The results of this limited study indicate that the API 20C may prove to be an acceptable substitute for conventional carbohydrate fermentation and assimilation tests.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1983

Clinical comparison of the enterotube II and API 20E systems for bacterial identification.

The Enterotube II and API 20E were compared for their ability to identify clinical isolates of bacteria. They were found to have similar overall rates of correct identification. The Enterotube II possessed a lower requirement for extra tests in order to complete the identification, while the API system had fewer major errors. Both systems were found to be reliable and suitable for use in a clinical laboratory.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1985

Identification of Bacillus anthracis by API tests.

API and morphological tests were examined for their ability to distinguish between 37 Bacillus anthracis strains (virulent and avirulent) and 194 strains of closely related Bacillus species (B. cereus, B. mycoides and B. thuringiensis). In addition, 34 strains of B. anthracis and four of B. cereus were tested by several other methods that included capsule formation, ability to grow on a selective medium, and sensitivity to phage. It was found that virulent strains of B. anthracis were easily separated from the closely related Bacillus species by most of the test methods; but separation of slightly virulent and avirulent strains of B. anthracis from the closely related species could be done only by API and phage-sensitivity tests.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of the API Coryne test system for identification of Actinomyces pyogenes.

The present study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of the API Coryne test system for identification of Actinomyces pyogenes. The test system correctly identified 36 of 42 A. pyogenes and 4 of 5 comparatively studied Arcanobacterium haemolyticum-cultures. The biochemical profiles of the remaining 6 A. pyogenes- and 1 A. haemolyticum-cultures were not included in the analytical profile index. None of the cultures were misidentified. According to the API database (ATB Plus V 1.5.4.) the unidentified cultures could be correctly identified as A. pyogenes and A. haemolyticum respectively. A greater repertoire of A. pyogenes specific biochemical profiles incorporated into the analytical profile index would improve the applicability of this test system for veterinary diagnostics.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of rapid NFT and API 20E with conventional methods for identification of gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli from pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

The accuracy of the Rapid NFT and the API 20E identification systems was evaluated by comparing them with conventional biochemical methods for the identification of gram-negative, nonfermentative bacilli. The organisms were recovered from preserved, nonsterile pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. A total of 123 test isolates that are commonly encountered in these products were used. By using the criteria of accurate and reliable identification without employing additional tests, Rapid NFT was found to be more accurate after 48 h of incubation than API 20E for characterizing isolates to the species level. Therefore, close agreement between NFT and conventional methods for identification of industrial gram-negative isolates provides evidence that the Rapid NFT system is an improved and rapid method for identifying these organisms to the species level with minimal use of supplementary tests.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of the Mast ID and API 50CH systems for identification of Listeria spp.

A multipoint inoculation technique (Mast ID) for the identification and species determination of Listeria monocytogenes (sensu strictu) and six other species of the genus Listeria was evaluated. This was compared with the commercially available API 50CH system. Both methods successfully identified all 123 strains tested. The Mast ID system is inexpensive and utilizing a multipoint inoculation technique permits the screening of up to 21 isolates per 9-cm petri dish. The API 50CH system was more expensive and time consuming and is therefore suitable only for the examination of smaller numbers of strains.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1979

API and Minitek systems in identification of clinical isolates of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli and Clostridium species.

A comparison of the API and Minitek methods of biochemical testing was made on a variety of anaerobic bacteria. Although API and Minitek results were not compared to more standardized or conventional procedures of identification, multiple repeat testing of the two systems was done on routine clinical isolates and known organisms to determine (i) whether the reactions were reliably consistent, (ii) the ease of reading the two systems with respect to the frequency of questionable results, and (iii) the percentage of routine clinical isolates for which each system yielded an identification. The Minitek system gave a much lower incidence of difficult to interpret reactions. The two systems were comparable in terms of reproducibility and capability of yielding an identification of the anaerobic gram-negative bacilli and Clostridium species, but were unsatisfactory for routine use on most of the other anaerobic bacteria isolated.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of the API 20E and Corning N/F systems for identification of nonfermentative gram-negative rods.

A total of 231 strains of nonfermenting gram-negative rods were tested on the API 20E system, the Corning N/F system, and conventional media. When the results of identification to species were compared, the API system agreed with the conventional system on 69% of the isolates, and the Corning system agreed with the conventional system on 79% of the isolates. Both kit systems were deficient in identifying Pseudomonas cepacia and the more unusual isolates.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of the MicroScan Urinary Combo Panel and API 20E system for identification of glucose-nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical veterinary materials.

Many isolates of glucose-nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (NFB) cultured from clinical veterinary specimens are not identified because of the large number of identification tests required. We evaluated two commercial identification systems to determine if they could accurately identify NFB isolated from animals. Of 182 strains of NFB, the MicroScan Urinary Combo Panel (MicroScan, Inc., Campbell, Calif.) correctly identified 72%, and the API 20E system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) correctly identified 74%. Of the 118 strains of the three most common species of NFB isolated from animals, the MicroScan Urinary Combo Panel identified 86% correctly, and the API 20E system identified 92% correctly. The use of either of these systems could improve the accuracy of identification of NFB from clinical veterinary materials.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1983

Species identification and biotyping of staphylococci by the API staph-ident system.

The API Staph-Ident system, a commercially available biochemical and chromogenic substrate micromethod, was evaluated as a means for identifying the species and determining the biotypes of human strains of staphylococci routinely encountered in a clinical microbiology laboratory. The species identity of 152 of 188 (80.9%) unique clinical isolates of staphylococci was correctly predicted by this method after 5 h of incubation according to the recommendations of the manufacturer. When results were determined after 24 h of incubation, the overall accuracy of this procedure was 90.4%. The API Staph-Ident system was not an adequate procedure for assessing strain biotypes since the patterns of biochemical reactivity observed with 53 of 54 (98.2%) unique isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were identical. Similarly, 58 of 62 (93.6%) different strains of S. epidermidis yielded the same biochemical profile.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1983

Rapid identification of group D streptococci with the API 20S system.

The API 20S system (Analytab Products) was evaluated as a means of identifying 209 isolates of Lancefield group D streptococci to the species level. Results were compared with those from a conventional tube biochemical identification system and from serological grouping. Use of the latest 20S computerized data base allowed species identification of 97% (203 of 209) of test isolates after a 4-h incubation period and 99% (208 of 209) of test isolates if supplemental overnight biochemical tests were used to clarify the identity of five Streptococcus bovis-variant isolates. The API 20S system appears to be a convenient and accurate method for rapid, same-day species identification of group D streptococci.

Enterococcus faecalis↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of the updated MS-2 Bacterial Identification system in comparison with the API 20E system.

The recently updated MS-2 Bacterial Identification system software (Abbott Laboratories, Diagnostic Division, Irving, Tex.) was compared with the original MS-2 Bacterial Identification software and the API 20E, using 968 strains of Enterobacteriaceae. The updated MS-2 software correctly identified 94.4% of the isolates tested. API 20E and the original MS-2 software correctly identified 91 and 85.3% of the strains, respectively. MS-2 responses were considered to be equivocal (needing additional tests for verification) if the percent likelihood values were less than 80%. The percentage of equivocal responses was reduced from 6.5% with the original software to 2.2% with the updated software, and the percentage of incorrect identifications was reduced from 8.2 to 3.4% with the original and updated software, respectively. Organisms belonging to 25 taxonomic groups were tested. Direct comparison of the two MS-2 programs showed that the updated MS-2 software increased the identification accuracy of Salmonella spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Providencia stuartii, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. A decrease in accuracy was seen with Citrobacter freundii, Hafnia alvei, Enterobacter agglomerans, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis when the updated software was used. The remaining 12 taxonomic groups were not affected by the software changes. The updated MS-2 software appears to significantly improve the identification accuracy of the MS-2 Bacterial Identification system.

Autoanalysis↗