SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ANTISEPTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Hygienic hand antiseptics: should they not have activity and label claims against viruses?

Enteric and respiratory viruses are among the most frequent causes of human infections, and hands play an important role in the spread of these and many other viral diseases. Regular and proper hand hygiene by caregivers and food handlers in particular is essential to decontaminate hands and potentially interrupt such spread. What would be considered a proper decontamination of hands? Handwashing with regular soap and water is often considered sufficient, but what of hygienic handwash and handrub antiseptic products? Are they more effective? The evidence suggests that some clearly are. Activity against bacteria may not reflect the ability of hygienic hand antiseptics to deal with viruses, especially those that are nonenveloped. In spite of the acknowledged importance of hands as vehicles for viruses, there is a lack of suitable regulatory mechanism for handwash or handrub products to make claims of efficacy against viruses. This is in contrast with the ability of general-purpose disinfectants to make antiviral claims, although transmission of viruses from surfaces other than those of reusable medical devices may play only a minor role in virus transmission. This review discusses the (1). recent information on the relative importance of viruses as human pathogens, particularly those causing enteric and respiratory infections; (2). the survival of relevant viruses on human hands in comparison with common gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria; (3). the potential of hands to transfer or receive such contamination on casual contact; (4). role of hands in the spread of viruses; (5). the potential of hygienic measures to eliminate viruses from contaminated hands; (6). relative merits of available protocols to assess the activity of hygienic hand antiseptics against viruses; and (7). factors considered crucial in any tests to assess the activity of hygienic hand antiseptics against viruses. In addition, this review proposes surrogate viruses in such testing and discusses issues for additional consideration by researchers, manufacturers, end-users, and regulators.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed2003

Adverse reactions associated with an alcohol-based hand antiseptic among nurses in a neonatal intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol-based hand antiseptics are strongly recommended in the 2002 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's hand-hygiene guideline. In a study comparing 2 hand-hygiene regimes, an alcohol-based (61% ethyl) antiseptic and a detergent containing 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 2 neonatal intensive care units, we noted adverse reactions associated with the alcohol-based antiseptic. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted of the skin condition of 58 nurses using an alcohol-based product from March 2001 to January 2002. Adverse reactions to the alcohol-based product were noted and the Fisher exact test was used to determine factors associated with these reactions. Nurses with reactions to the alcohol product who were available to follow-up were patch tested to the product. RESULTS: Of 58 (1.1/100 nursing mo) nurses, 7 were evaluated by occupational health services for dermatologic symptoms that varied from mild to severe after use of the alcohol product, but 4 of 7 have resumed use. Nurses who had adverse reactions develop had been employed on the study unit and in the nursing profession for significantly less time than those with no reactions (P =.037 and P =.002, respectively), and were significantly more likely to report a history of itchy, sore skin (P =.047). A positive patch-test result was noted in 3 of 4 nurses with a previous reaction to the product. CONCLUSION: This case series will alert users in the United States and elsewhere to the nature of reactions to alcohol products and how these reactions differ from reactions to traditional hand antiseptic products.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Disinfection of needleless catheter connectors and access ports with alcohol may not prevent microbial entry: the promise of a novel antiseptic-barrier cap.

BACKGROUND: Needleless valve connectors for vascular catheters are widely used throughout the United States because they reduce the risk of biohazardous injuries from needlesticks and exposure to bloodborne pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. Patients with long-term central venous catheters are at significant risk of acquiring catheter-related bloodstream infections caused by microbes that gain access through the connection between the administration set and the catheter or an injection port. Most healthcare practitioners wipe the membranous septum of the needleless connector or the injection port with 70% alcohol before accessing it. We report a simulation study of the efficacy of conventional alcohol disinfection before access, compared with that of a novel antiseptic-barrier cap that, when threaded onto a needleless luer-activated valved connector, allows a chlorhexidine-impregnated sponge to come into continuous contact with the membranous surface; after removal of the cap, there is no need to disinfect the surface with alcohol before accessing it. METHODS: One hundred five commercial, needleless luer-activated valved connectors, each accessible by a blunt male-connector luer-lock attachment, were purchased from 3 manufacturers and were tested. The membranous septum of each test device was first heavily contaminated with approximately 10(5) colony-forming units of Enterococcus faecalis and then was allowed to dry for 24 hours. Fifteen of the contaminated devices were not disinfected (positive controls), 30 were conventionally disinfected with a commercial 70% alcohol pledget, and 60 had the antiseptic cap threaded onto the connector and then removed after 10 minutes. The test connectors were then accessed with a sterile syringe containing nutrient broth media, which was injected, captured on the downstream side of the intraluminal fluid pathway, and cultured quantitatively. RESULTS: All 15 control connectors (100%) showed massive transmission of microorganisms across the membranous septum (4,500-10,000 colony-forming units). Of the 30 connectors accessed after conventional disinfection with 70% alcohol, 20 (67%) showed transmission of microorganisms (442-25,000 colony-forming units). In contrast, of the 60 connectors cultured after application of the novel antiseptic cap, only 1 (1.6%) showed any transmission of microorganisms (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study show that, if the membranous septum of a needleless luer-activated connector is heavily contaminated, conventional disinfection with 70% alcohol does not reliably prevent entry of microorganisms. In contrast, the antiseptic-barrier cap provided a high level of protection, even in the presence of very heavy contamination. This novel technology deserves to be studied in a clinical trial.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed2003

Analysis on distribution and genomic diversity of high-level antiseptic resistance genes qacA and qacB in human clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus.

High-level antiseptic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by multidrug efflux pumps encoded by qacA and qacB genes. We investigated distribution and genomic diversity of these antiseptic resistance genes in a total of 522 clinical strains of S. aureus isolated recently in a Japanese hospital. The qacA/B gene was detected in 32.6% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 7.5% of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), whereas the low-level resistance gene smr, which was examined simultaneously, was detected at lower frequencies in both MRSA (3.3%) and MSSA (5.9%). Epidemiologic typing of S. aureus isolates suggested that higher prevalence of qacA/B in MRSA may be due to spread of a single predominant MRSA strain carrying qacA/B in the hospital. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis indicated higher prevalence of the qacB-type gene (59.3%) than the qacA-type gene (40.7%) among the qacA/B genes detected. Nucleotide sequencing analysis revealed the presence of two genetic variants in qacA (V1 and V2) and four variants in qacB (V1-V4) that differ from the qacA prototype in pSK1 by 1-5 nucleotides and 7-9 nucleotides, respectively. Although most strains with qacA-V1, qacA-V2, qacB-V3, and qacB-V4 showed high-level resistance to ethidium bromide (EB)(MIC > 100 microg/ml), all of the S. aureus isolates carrying qacB-V1 and qacB-V2 showed lower MICs of EB and some monovalent cationic antiseptic substances. By analysis of the genomic organization of the qacA/B downstream region, divergent forms of this region rearranged with an insertion of IS256 or IS257 were found primarily for qacB. The downstream region of qacA-V1 was suggested to be an evolutionary origin for other divergent forms. These findings indicated that both qacA and qacB are prevalent in recent clinical isolates, especially in MRSA, and these genes consist of variable genetic variants that may be responsible for different resistance levels against antiseptic substances.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed1996

Retention of antibacterial activity and bacterial colonization of antiseptic-bonded central venous catheters.

We determined how long antiseptic impregnation with silver sulphadiazine and chlorhexidine (SCC) on polyurethane central venous double- or triple-lumen catheters is retained in vivo. A total of 116 antiseptic catheters were tested for antibacterial activity in an in-vitro bioassay after various periods of iv catheterization. Segments from the subcutaneous (sc) and intravenous (iv) portions of the catheters were cultured. The results of test antiseptic catheters were compared with those from 117 noncoated control (c) catheters. Retention of antibacterial activity followed an exponential curve and lasted for up to 520 h after catheter insertion. Significant differences (P = 0.0001) between SSC and C catheters were noticed with regard to the quantitative level of bacterial colonization (SSC-sc 87 +/- 34 vs C-sc 584 +/- 122; SSC-iv 52 +/- 17 vs C-iv 286 +/- 57; all values are given as mean cfu +/- S.E.M.), and the frequency of bacterial colonization (SSC-sc 20.7% vs C-sc 38.5%, P = 0.0047; SSC-iv 18.1% vs C-iv 30.8%, P = 0.0361). There was no significant difference between the incidence of catheter-related bacteraemia in the test (n = 0) and control groups (n = 3) (P = 0.2573). Further prospective studies are required to delineate the role of antiseptic catheters in preventing catheter-related infections.

Bacteremia↗

PubMed1991

Antiseptic effectiveness with fibroblast preservation.

The efficacy of topical antiseptic therapy for wounds and skin ulcers has been shown to be at the expense of fibroblast and leukocyte function and, in general, wound healing. Specifically, continued fibroblast function after exposure to antiseptics has been correlated to the concentration of the antiseptic. At concentrations that preserve fibroblast function, 0.005% sodium hypochlorite, 0.001% providone-iodine, 0.0025% acetic acid, and 0.003% hydrogen peroxide were tested for their effectiveness against various clinical isolates. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Group D enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacteroides fragilis were exposed to the antiseptics and plated in a standard microbiological fashion. The cultures showed that sodium hypochlorite inhibited the growth of all the bacteria (p less than 0.001), whereas povidone-iodine reduced the colonies of S. aureus and acetic acid inhibited P. aeruginosa. Our study suggests that 0.005% sodium hypochlorite can be used as a debriding and topical antibacterial agent for wounds and skin ulcers without inhibiting fibroblast activity essential to normal wound repair.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed2000

Evaluation of an antiseptic triple-lumen catheter in an intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a decrease in catheter-related bloodstream infection rate in patients with antiseptic triple-lumen catheters in an intensive care unit. DATA SOURCES: Retrospective review of surveillance records, patient medical records, laboratory and microbiological reports, and antibiotic administration records. STUDY SELECTION: Patients admitted to the intensive care unit with triple-lumen catheters. DATA EXTRACTION: A subset of one entry per patient was extracted from 2 yrs of primary bloodstream infection surveillance data. Data collection included risk factors, laboratory and microbiological data, and insertion sites and dates of all intravascular catheters present during triple-lumen catheterization. DATA SYNTHESIS: The catheter-related bloodstream infection rate was 5.4 and 11.3 per 1000 catheter days in antiseptic and nonantiseptic triple-lumen catheter groups, respectively (p = .06). By multivariate analysis using a Cox Proportional Hazards Model, the antiseptic triple-lumen catheters were associated with a significant reduction in catheter-related bloodstream infection (p = .03). Model expansion to include intrajugular site was significant by a likelihood ratio test [2(log likelihood diff) = 4.26 P<.05 chi2(1)] CONCLUSIONS: The use of antiseptic triple-lumen catheters may substantially reduce catheter-related bloodstream infections in an intensive care population and may be subsequently associated with a decrease in length of stay.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Safety and efficacy of an improved antiseptic catheter impregnated intraluminally with chlorhexidine.

The safety and efficacy of a second-generation improved antiseptic catheter impregnated with silver sulfadiazine and increased levels of chlorhexidine on its outer surface and chlorhexidine alone on its luminal surfaces was compared in vitro and in vivo to standard antiseptic catheters impregnated with these antimicrobials on their outer surfaces only. In rat and pig intravenous models, the improved antiseptic catheter was significantly more effective in resisting both outer surface and luminal colonization compared with the standard antiseptic or control catheters. There was no evidence of tissue toxicity in any group.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Determination of the antibacterial efficacy of several antiseptics tested on skin by an 'ex-vivo' test.

There are many skin antiseptics commercially available. Although their antibacterial activity has often been well studied, their potential effectiveness on skin remains poorly documented. To date, in-vivo protocols designed for the testing of the antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptics cannot use, for ethical reasons, pathogenic bacteria or new formulations whose toxicity in human subjects is unknown. An 'ex-vivo' test was recently developed to overcome these problems. Freshly excised human skin from abdominal or breast reduction was placed in a diffusion cell containing a maintenance medium in the recipient compartment. A bacterial inoculum was then applied to the stratum corneum and, after a drying step, antiseptic formulations were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Several micro-organisms were investigated: - Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis, vancomycin-resistant Ent. faecium (VRE), S. epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli--with several biocides--para-chloro-meta-xylenol (PCMX, active compound of Dettol), povidone iodine, triclosan (in isopropanol) and chlorhexidine. Results from the ex-vivo test were compared with results obtained in suspension and glass-carrier tests. The bactericidal activity of the biocides depended upon the test performed and results were generally significantly different from one method to the other. All biocides tested in the suspension test achieved >4 log10 reduction in viable bacterial concentrations, apart from povidone iodine tested against Ent. faecalis and VRE. The antibacterial activity of biocides tested in the glass-carrier test was significantly lower than in the suspension test, with the exception of triclosan in isopropanol, which was as effective in both suspension and glass-carrier test. In the ex-vivo test, triclosan in isopropanol achieved a log10 reduction in viable bacterial concentration of 1.105-1.771 (with the exception of P. aeruginosa with 0.758 log10 reduction). PCMX, povidone iodine and chlorhexidine achieved log10 reductions in viable bacterial concentration of 0.303-0.901. Chlorhexidine tested against P. aeruginosa produced a 1.94 log10 reduction in concentration. These results confirm previous observations about the need for testing the antimicrobial activity of antiseptics on skin surface to determine their in-situ efficacy and encourage further the use of the ex-vivo protocol.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed2005

Skin antiseptics and the risk of operating theatre fires.

BACKGROUND: Following press reports of patients catching fire or receiving chemical burns in the operating theatre, a review was conducted on the flammability of skin antiseptics. The purpose of the paper was to clarify confusion regarding povidine-iodine (Betadine), which had been reported as being flammable, and also to determine the use of alcohol-based solutions in the Hunter Area Health Service. A risk assessment was conducted and risk reduction strategies outlined. METHODS: Risk assessment was made following a literature review and an audit of 10 operating theatres in the Hunter Area Health Service. RESULTS: Risk for operating room fires from alcohol-based skin antiseptics was confirmed. Antiseptics in aqueous solutions only smoulder. The Hunter Health survey indicated that although alcohol-based solutions were not used in operating theatres, they were used in anaesthetic bays for insertion of epidural and central line catheters. Strategies to reduce the risk of fire include discontinuation of use of alcohol-based skin antiseptics in operating theatres; using fire retardant surgical drapes; installing over-current protection devices on electrical equipment; minimizing flammable conditions by avoiding nitrous oxide and using the lowest required concentration of inspired oxygen; use of non-flammable cuffed endotracheal tubes; education and training of operating theatre personnel in fire hazards. CONCLUSIONS: Operating theatre fires continue to be a major risk for patient safety. In order to reduce this risk, the strategies outlined here should be followed.

Alcohols↗

PubMed2004

In vitro new dialysis protocol to assay the antiseptic properties of a quaternary ammonium compound polymerized with denture acrylic resin.

AIMS: To develop an in vitro protocol in order to assess the antiseptic properties of a quaternary ammonium compound polymerized with acrylic denture resin base, using experimental resin discs and dialysis membranes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Experimental acrylic resin discs were polymerized with Poly 202063A, an ammonium compound (2-50%). Antiseptic properties were assayed against two reference strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) and a laboratory strain (Candida albicans), using three different conditions (test A, B and C). In test A, according to classical protocols the resin discs were first soaked in large volumes of microbial inoculum (45 ml). An original dialysis protocol was then designed to recreate the small biofilm volume on the prosthetic surface. In test B, discs and bacterial inoculum (600 microl) were introduced in a dialysis bag and dialysed against a sterile buffer. A bactericidal effect was observed against E. coli and Staph. aureus (<0.1% viable cells in initial bacterial suspension). A dose-dependent fungistatic effect was observed against C. albicans. Finally, in test C discs and sterile buffer (600 microl) were introduced in a dialysis bag and dialysed against microbial inoculum. Reduced activity was found outside the dialysis bag, demonstrating that free ammonium was able to diffuse through the dialysis membrane, displaying antiseptic properties. CONCLUSIONS: The present protocol demonstrated that a quaternary ammonium compound remains efficient after heat polymerization with an acrylic denture base resin, both in immediate and distant microbial environments. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Such removable prosthetic devices with intrinsic antiseptic properties would contribute to improve the long-term management of denture stomatitis.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMed1995

[Effects of antiseptics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

Various antiseptics, commonly used in hospital, were tested against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at high concentrations (approximately 10(9) CFU/ml) and in short time exposures. The antiseptic solutions of 0.05% alkyldiaminoethylglycine hydrochloride, 0.05% benzalkonium chloride, 0.2% povidone-iodine gargle and 0.03% dominophen bromide produced 1,000 to 1/100,000 reduction after a 30 sec exposure. 7.5 % povidone-iodine scrub and 0.2% benzalkonium chloride in 83% ethanol were most effective, reducing MRSA under detection limits. (less than 10 CFU/ml) 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate was less effective, producing no evident reduction even after 1 min of exposure. Though 0.2% povidone solution reduced MRSA under detection limits at 37, 24 hrs incubation, colonies of several strains were detected after 48 hrs extended incubation. This suggests the existence of strains resistant to the antiseptic solution of povidone-iodine. We recommend that the disinfection for these strains should be repeated short time disinfection, because repeated short time exposure (15 sec 2 times) of antiseptics was more effective than one long time exposure (30 sec once).

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed2002

Survey on the actual status of use of antiseptics in our hospital.

Prevention of nosocomial infections is an important task for any medical institution. Although it is important to administer antibiotics prophylactically during the perioperative period, the proper use of antiseptics should have top priority. We carried out a survey to show the actual status of antiseptic use in our hospital in order to determine their proper use. The survey was carried out considering two aspects: the expense situation on the basis of the order slips and the status of use in each department and ward. It was conducted by questionnaire, and the pharmacist of each department asked questions to the nursing staff there. It was found that disinfectants and antiseptics are used almost correctly in our hospital. However, some improper uses were also found. In the future, on the basis of the findings of this study by questionnaire, we would like to give instructions from the standpoint of the pharmacist in the proper use of disinfectants and antiseptics and in the control of nosocomial infections.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed1990

Comparative study of antiseptic toxicity on basal keratinocytes, transformed human keratinocytes and fibroblasts.

The cytotoxic effects of a range of antiseptic agents were examined on cultured human fibroblasts and basal keratinocytes and compared to those on a transformed keratinocyte line (SVK 14 cells). Cells were exposed to chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite for 15 min and cell viability was assessed 24 h later with a colorimetric assay which utilizes the tetrazolium salt 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). At concentrations recommended for wound cleansing all agents produced 100% killing of all cell types. The results show that fibroblasts and keratinocytes, cells which are fundamental to the wound healing process are equally sensitive to the effects of the antiseptic agents tested, and are highly susceptible to the effects of free-chlorine containing agents. These observations are of particular importance to the use of cultured keratinocytes (culture grafts) to enhance wound healing; the application of antiseptics to such wounds is contraindicated. All three cell types tested showed similar susceptibilities to the agents tested. These findings suggest that the transformed cell line, which has the advantage of immortality and ready availability, can replace fibroblasts and keratinocytes in studies designed to investigate the adverse effects of antiseptic agents in vitro. Comparison of the ED50 concentration for each agent on all cell types to the standard use concentration produced a ranking order of toxicity which showed chlorhexidine to be the least toxic agent and sodium hypochlorite the most.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cell Line, Transformed↗

PubMed1998

Antiseptics: a forgotten weapon in the control of antibiotic resistant bacteria in hospital and community settings?

The aim of this study was to ascertain the activity of a selection of widely-used antiseptic/disinfectant agents against antibiotic resistant bacteria and strains isolated from patients infected with clinically significant species. Four antiseptic agents (Dettol, Dettol Hospital Concentrate, Savlon and Betadine) were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus hirae, Vancomicin Resistant Enterococcus sp (VRE), Escherichia coli and E. coli 0157. The antiseptics were applied at recommended use dilutions and at a half and a quarter of those concentrations in a standard suspension test (EST). Organic material was added to mimic the presence of blood, protein and other such contaminants to be found in the clinical situation. All antiseptics tested were effective against both the antibiotic sensitive and antibiotic resistant strains of S. aureus and E. hirae as well as normal and clinical strains of E. coli at recommended concentrations. All but Betadine were also effective against the antibiotic resistant bacteria at a half and a quarter of normal concentration. The iodine containing antiseptic, however, failed the test against MRSA at a half normal concentration and showed virtually no activity against MRSA at a quarter normal concentration.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed2001

Comparative efficacy of an antiseptic mouthrinse and an antiplaque/antigingivitis dentifrice. A six-month clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of an essential oil-containing antiseptic mouthrinse (Listerine Antiseptic, Pfizer) and an antiplaque/antigingivitis dentifrice (Colgate Total, Colgate-Palmolive) has been demonstrated in numerous double-blind clinical studies. This study was conducted to determine their comparative efficacy. METHODS: Three hundred sixteen subjects with mild-to-moderate gingival inflammation and plaque received a dental prophylaxis and began their randomly assigned brushing and rinsing regimen in an unsupervised setting. Subjects brushed for one minute and rinsed with 20 milliliters for 30 seconds twice daily for six months. The three groups were L (control toothpaste/Listerine rinse), T (Colgate Total toothpaste/control rinse) and P (control toothpaste/control rinse). RESULTS: Subjects in the L and T groups demonstrated statistically significantly lower (P < .001) Modified Gingival Index, or MGI; Bleeding Index, or BI; and Plaque Index, or PI, at both three and six months than subjects in the P group. The magnitude of reduction for the L group was 22.9 percent, 70 percent and 56.1 percent, respectively, and for the T group, 20.8 percent, 58 percent and 22.1 percent, respectively. Subjects in the L group were not different from subjects in the T group in regard to visual signs of gingivitis (MGI), but were more effective (P < .001) than subjects in the T group in experiencing reduced BI and PI. No product-related adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: Although the Listerine Antiseptic and Colgate Total antiplaque/antigingivitis products produced similar, clinically significant reductions in gingivitis (as measured by MGI and BI), Listerine, when used in conjunction with a fluoride dentifrice and usual oral hygiene, provided a greater benefit in reducing plaque. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: When considering an antiplaque/antigingivitis product to recommend to patients, clinicians should consider Listerine Antiseptic, in conjunction with usual oral hygiene, if more rigorous plaque control is desired.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

The effect of an antiseptic mouthrinse on implant maintenance: plaque and peri-implant gingival tissues.

The purpose of this controlled double-blind, parallel, randomized clinical study was to determine the effect of antiseptic mouthrinse on parameters important to dental implant maintenance. Plaque, peri-implant gingivitis, gingival bleeding, probing depth, and attachment level were assessed over a 3-month test period. Twenty healthy adult patients each of whom had at least two dental implants, a modified gingival index > 1.5, and a modified Quigley-Hein plaque index score > 1.7 were enrolled into the study. After a thorough oral prophylaxis, patients were randomly assigned to either the antiseptic mouthrinse or a 5% hydroalcohol placebo mouthrinse group and instructed to rinse twice daily for 30 seconds with 20 ml of their assigned mouthrinse as an adjunct to their usual oral hygiene procedures. The baseline examination included plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index, probing depth measurement, and attachment level measurements. The plaque and gingival indices were rescored at 1, 2, and 3 months. Probing depths, attachment levels, and bleeding index were determined again at 3 months only. At the end of 3 months, the antiseptic mouthrinse group had statistically significant reductions in plaque index, gingival index, and bleeding index compared to the placebo group. There were no significant differences between groups in probing depth or attachment level. The results of this clinical study indicate that twice daily use of an antiseptic mouthrinse may provide benefits in the maintenance of dental implants.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Effects of various antiseptics on bacteremia following tooth extraction.

The effect of local irrigation of the gingival sulcus, which is considered an important source of bacteremia following dental procedures, with three different antiseptic solutions including hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine and povidone iodine, on the frequency of bacteremia after tooth extraction was determined, and the efficacies of the three antiseptics were compared. Although all the antiseptic solutions reduced the frequency of bacteremia to various degrees, povidone iodine was the most effective, and seemed to be the best choice since the decrease was statistically significant. Local administration of antiseptic solutions is therefore recommended as an adjuvant to systemic antibiotic prophylaxis.

Adult↗