Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “thyroid dysfunction”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Methimazole-induced hypothyroidism paradoxically decreases homocysteine.

Clinical hypothyroidism is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, whereas the opposite is seen in hyperthyroidism. The effects of mild thyroid dysfunction on homocysteine concentrations are not known. We performed the following study to investigate this. Total homocysteine, vitamins B6 and B12, folate, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, and lipids were measured in 11 subjects at baseline and after methionine loading. Subjects began methimazole (MMI), 40 mg daily, and were restudied during 2 stages of hypothyroidism. Liothyronine was added and subjects were restudied once thyrotropin normalized. Methimazole was stopped and studies were repeated during 2 stages of hyperthyroidism. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Post-methionine homocysteine decreased in each hypothyroid study compared with baseline (28.8+/-10.7, 27.5+/-9.9 vs 34.4+/-9.2 micromol/L, respectively). In addition, both fasting and post-methionine homocysteine decreased in the euthyroid/MMI study arm compared with baseline despite equivalent thyrotropin values (fasting, 7.5+/-3.0 vs 8.8+/-3.5 micromol/L, P<.05; and post-methionine, 27.2+/-10.6 vs 34.4+/-9.2 micromol/L, P<.05, respectively). Fasting homocysteine decreased in the first hyperthyroidism study arm compared with baseline (6.6+/-2.3 vs 8.8+/-3.5 micromol/L, P<.05) and post-methionine homocysteine decreased in both hyperthyroid arms compared with baseline (25.2+/-8.1, 24.2+/-10 vs 34.4+/-9.2 micromol/L, P<.05 respectively). In conclusion, mild thyroid dysfunction changes homocysteine metabolism. Unexpectedly, our results suggest a homocysteine-lowering effect of MMI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Influence of hyperthyroidism defined as TSH serum level on QT corrected interval dispersion (QTcd)].

BACKGROUND: Electrocardiographic dispersion reflects the heterogenity of ventricular repolarisation. It has been suggested that changes QT dispersion in thyroid dysfunction can be prognostic factor of different arrhytmias aspecially ventricular arrhytmias. Calculation can be done from easy availabe tests such as: TSH serum level and resting electrocardiogram. AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value between TSH serum level, QT corrected interval value and corrected interval dispersion value.Are there any relationship between QTcd and TSH serum level. METHODS: From 314 person with hyperthyroidism included to the study group 46 patients with isolate hyperthyroidism whom have made TSH serum leve land resting electrocardiogram. In this group was 36 (78.3%) women and 10 (21.7%) men aged 38 to 78. The medium age was 52.3 +/- 9.9 years. To the observation include the patient with TSH level below 0,4 uU/ml in sreening. The results has been analysed in two subgroups: first A (1A)--high level hyperthyroidism (25 person; 18 women (72.0%), 7 men (28%); second B(2B)--low level hyperthyroidism (21 person; 18 85.7%)women, 7 men (14.3%). RESULTS: In hyperthyroidism group (1A+1B) with TSH serum level below 0.4 uU/ml QTc dispersion increase. Relation seems to be inversely proportional. The lower TSH serum level the higher percent increasing distance of QTcd, especially in high level hyperthyroidism subgroup(1A) with TSH seru level below 0.1 uU/ml. For QTcd > or = 65 ms sensivity is 88.0%; specisicity is 42.9%. We didn't observe serious ventricular arrhytmias in the both subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Indeed there is evidence that invesigating QT c interval dispersion (QTcd) in thyroid dysfunction may be a useful parameter in hyperthyroidism especially in high level hyperthyroidism subgroup (1A). The long QTcd suggest proarythmic susceptibility in this subjects subhyperthyroidism group with another risk stratification predicts increasing QTcd such as dyselectrolytaemia, previous myocardial infarct, coronary artery disease, diabetes, stroke or antyarrhytmic drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Effect of long-term hormone substitution therapy on serum TSH level in postmenopausal women].

OBJECTIVE: Dysfunction's of the thyroid gland are one of the most important endocrinological diseases. We report serum TSH levels in postmenopausal women before and during long-term hormone replacement therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 107 postmenopausal patients participated in this study. Criteria for inclusion were: no known thyroid dysfunction and request for hormone replacement. Before starting therapy TSH serum levels were measured in each patient. If basal levels were within normal range TSH serum levels were reported over 4 years of hormone replacement therapy. RESULTS: More than 10% of the postmenopausal women showed pathological TSH-levels without clinical symptoms requiring further diagnostic. During subsequent treatment cycles (4 years) serum TSH in euthyroid patients did not show significant changes. Women using hormone replacement therapy developed no new manifestation of thyroid disease. CONCLUSION: In euthyroid women using long-term hormone replacement therapy are no changes in thyroid function caused by hormone replacement therapy to expect.

Climacteric↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Localized painful giant-cell thyroiditis without inflammatory signs in a euthyroid patient followed by serial sonography.

We describe a patient with localized painful giant-cell thyroiditis. A 45-year-old woman noticed a tender lump in the left side of the neck. Sonography of the thyroid revealed diffuse swelling of the left lobe with irregular hypoechoic areas. Three months later, the tender swelling subsided, and the hypoechoic areas disappeared without any treatment. There were never any systemic signs of inflammation or thyroid dysfunction. Atypical localized subacute thyroiditis was considered to be the most probable diagnosis based on fine-needle aspiration cytology and serial sonography. Serial sonographic evaluations are useful to avoid unnecessary surgery.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1994

Suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion in patients treated with interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha 2b for metastatic melanoma.

Recent reports suggest that combined therapy with recombinant interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN) alpha 2b may result in autoimmune-induced thyroid dysfunction. We prospectively analyzed thyroid function for 6 weeks in two groups of patients with progressive metastatic melanoma treated according to two different protocols. In group I (n = 17) three treatment cycles were given, each with three weeks of subcutanous administration of rIL-2 and INF-alpha 2b at different doses. In group II (n = 13) the chemotherapeutic agent dacarbazine was given in addition. In group 1 three patients developed frank hyperthyroidism, which required antithyroid drug therapy in one case. Autoantibodies against thyroid microsomal antigen, thyroglobulin, and the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor were not significantly elevated in any of these patients. However, the remaining 14 patients showed a significant decrease in TSH after 6 weeks of treatment, from 1.8 +/- 0.9 to 0.7 +/- 0.7 microU/ml (P < 0.02). Thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine, thyroxine, free thyroxine) also increased during the observation time, but this did not parallel the drop in TSH levels. Only thyroxine increased above the upper limit of normal, while triiodothyronine and free thyroxine stayed within the normal range. In group II, 6 of 13 patients (46%) had a decreased TSH after 6 weeks of treatment. Mean TSH was 1.5 +/- 1.4 before and 0.8 +/- 0.6 microU/ml after 6 weeks and was totally suppressed in three cases. None of these patients showed ouvert hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism was not observed in either group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Preoperative change of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody level: possible marker for predicting recurrent hyperthyroidism in patients with Graves' disease after subtotal thyroidectomy.

To make the surgical treatment for Graves' disease more ideal, it is important to elucidate factors related to postoperative thyroid dysfunction in addition to thyroid remnant. Because TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) is thought to be one of the essential causes of Graves' disease, we investigated whether preoperative changes in serum TRAb levels are related to postoperative recurrent hyperthyroidism. Between 1987 and 1992 a total of 1520 patients with Graves' disease were treated by subtotal thyroidectomy. Of these patients 335 visited Ito Hospital with no history of drug treatment of their disease and were treated surgically after several courses of antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy. There were 68 males and 267 females with a mean age of 25.8 years. The mean follow-up period was 48 months (range 12-84 months). Factors analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis were as follows: age, sex, duration of ATD treatment, weight of resected thyroid, weight of thyroid remnant, preoperative titer of MCHA, TRAb at the time of initial examination (TRAb1), TRAb at the time of surgery (TRAb2), and DeltaTRAb, the difference between TRAb1 and TRAb2 (DeltaTRAb = TRAb1 - TRAb2). The chi-square test was used for univariate analysis and a logistic model for multivariate analysis. Of this group, 119 patients were euthyroid (35.5%), 50 were hyperthyroid (14.9%), and 166 were hypothyroid (49.3%). Significant factors related to recurrent hyperthyroidism were weight of thyroid remnant and DeltaTRAb in both univariate and multivariate analyses. DeltaTRAb is a possible new marker for predicting postoperative recurrent hyperthyroidism. If the preoperative TRAb level is not improved by ATDs in patients with Graves' disease, the thyroid remnant should be made smaller.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Therapy related alterations to the thyroid gland].

Therapy related alterations to the thyroid gland are associated with more or less specific morphological changes. The therapy (thyrostatic drugs, radio-iodine) may be administered for the treatment of thyroid dysfunction (hyperthyroidism), or the thyroid gland is involved during or after the treatment (irradiation, various drugs) of primarily non-thyroid related diseases. The present review summarizes the most important morphological changes related to therapy.

Amiodarone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Systemic urticaria associated with autoimmune thyroiditis].

A case of chronic urticaria associated with thyroiditis is described. The diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease (Hashimoto's disease) rested on the presence of nodular goiter, thyroid dysfunction and significantly elevated thyroid microsomal antibodies (greater than 6,400). Skin biopsy showed changes suggestive of leucocytoclastic vasculitis. Immunological studies showed few abnormalities (low titers of antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor) but a search for circulating immune complexes was negative, and serum complement levels were within normal range. The patient complained of severe pruritus and polyarthralgia but no systemic involvement occurred. Urticaria vasculitis has never previously been described in association with thyroid autoimmunity. This suggests the possibility of an autoimmune cause of urticaria. The urticaria improved and disappeared after treatment with levothyroxine. The frequent clinical latency of thyroiditis warrants systematic testing for circulating anti-microsome antibodies in women presenting with an apparently idiopathic chronic urticaria.

Antibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laryngeal dysfunction after thyroid surgery: diagnosis, evaluation and treatment.

Because of the close anatomical relationships between thyroid gland and laryngeal nerves, sensory-motor impairment of the laryngeal functions is a well known possible complication of thyroid surgery. Laryngeal nerve paralysis can present with various and often associated symptoms like dysphagia, aspiration, voice alteration or dyspnea. Several examination procedures are mandatory to perform a complete neuro-laryngeal evaluation: rigid and flexible video-stroboscopy will assess the abductor, adductor and tensor functions in breathing, sniffing, talking and eventually singing tasks. Laryngeal electromyography (LEMG), despite its technical difficulties, brings valuable objective and pronostic informations. Aerodynamic assessment of voice production and objective acoustic voice evaluation are important for patients' follow-up, especially for voice professionals like teachers and singers. Treatment of laryngeal sensory-motor nerve paralysis can be conservative, with the help of speech therapy. Early surgical treatment is indicated in cases with severe functional problems like aspiration pneumonia, disabling breathy hypophonia, ineffective cough, disabling dyspnea. Surgical therapy at 6 to 9 months after injury is indicated in patients who demonstrate evidence of denervation or little activity on LEMG and have a poor response to a reasonable trial of speech therapy. Many surgical procedures are available. Depending on the type of neuro-laryngeal deficit, the main and more widely used techniques are: injection laryngoplasty, medialization thyroplasty, arytenoid adduction, arytenoidopexy, crico-thyroid approximation, endoscopic laser cordotomy and re-innervation procedures.

Deglutition Disorders↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of thyroid function in patients with isolated adrenocorticotropin deficiency.

Thyroid hormone and thyrotropin (TSH) levels were evaluated before and after adrenal replacement in eight patients (six men and two women, 35-62 years old) with isolated adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) deficiency. Six patients (cases 1-6) showed TSH excess before treatment. Four patients (cases 1-4), who initially had subnormal thyroid hormone levels, showed resolution of biochemical features of primary hypothyroidism after treatment, although TSH excess has persisted in two patients (cases 1 and 2). Case 1 had an extremely high titer of antimicrosomal antibody (MCHA), and cases 2 and 3 showed histologically and cytologically chronic thyroiditis, despite negative results for MCHA and antithyroglobulin antibody, respectively. Two patients (cases 5 and 6), who had had normal thyroid hormone levels and did not show the significant rise in serum T3 in TSH releasing hormone testing, showed TSH normalization without changes in serum thyroid hormone levels after treatment. The other two patients (cases 7 and 8), who initially had normal TSH and thyroid hormone levels, did not show the significant changes in serum TSH and thyroid hormone levels after treatment. The prevalence of chronic thyroiditis coexistence in isolated ACTH deficiency may be higher than predicted. Therefore, TSH excess before adrenal replacement may be attributed to not only direct enhancement of TSH release due to chronic cortisol deficiency but also to thyroid dysfunction due to chronic thyroiditis. It is possible that hypothyroidism due to chronic thyroiditis can be improved only by adrenal supplementation.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1984

Two types of thyroid function-blocking antibodies in autoimmune atrophic thyroiditis and transient neonatal hypothyroidism due to maternal IgG.

We examined the effects of IgG from four patients with autoimmune atrophic thyroiditis on cAMP responses and iodine metabolism (post-receptor processes), using cultured thyroid cells. We found two types of thyroid function-blocking antibodies: (1) one blocks TSH binding to its receptors and inhibits TSH-stimulated cAMP responses but does not block cAMP-stimulated iodine uptake and organification; (2) the other blocks TSH binding to its receptors, inhibits TSH-stimulated cAMP responses and does block cAMP-stimulated iodine uptake and organification (post-receptor processes). Among the four patients with autoimmune atrophic thyroiditis, three had TSH binding blocking antibodies only and one had antibodies which block post-receptor processes. These antibodies might be responsible for thyroid dysfunction in autoimmune atrophic thyroiditis. The daughter of one of the women with autoimmune atrophic thyroiditis had transient neonatal hypothyroidism and recovered spontaneously from the hypothyroid state with the disappearance of the maternal blocking antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Age-related anti-thyroid antibodies and thyroid abnormalities in Turner syndrome.

One hundred pediatric patients with Turner syndrome were studied to determine the correlation between the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies with age and karyotype, and the value of anti-thyroid antibody titers as predictors of subsequent thyroid abnormalities. (54 patients = 45,X; 46 = other karyotypes.) The frequency of positive titers of anti-thyroid antibodies increased linearly with cumulative age. Anti-parietal cell and anti-adrenocortical cell antibodies were not increased in these patients (1.3 and 2.6% respectively). The ability to use positive anti-thyroid antibody titers to predict the development of thyroid abnormalities increased from age 10 years and became statistically significant at ages 13-17 years for the whole group as well as 45,X patients. None of the patients had clinical symptoms of thyroid dysfunction although 22% developed thyroid abnormalities, which included elevated TSH, low T4, and/or goiter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The interaction of a type A retroviral particle and class II human leukocyte antigen susceptibility genes in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease.

We have previously reported that over 85% of patients with Graves' disease have detectable serum antibodies against a human intracisternal type A retroviral particle (HIAP), which are not present in age- and gender-matched controls, suggesting a role for HIAP in triggering the autoimmune process leading to Graves' disease. To investigate the interaction of this viral particle with genetic factors, 35 members of 3 kindreds, selected because of a high family prevalence of Graves' disease (a total of 11 members affected), were examined for clinical signs of thyroid dysfunction, goiter, and opthalmopathy. Thyroid function tests and autoimmune serological profiles were also obtained. In addition, subjects were tested for the presence of antibodies against HIAP by means of immunoblot analysis of their sera, and their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles were determined by DNA methodology. Molecular genetic analyses enabled the detection of postulated HLA susceptibility haplotypes in each family. These families had 8, 4, and 5 members, respectively, with such apparent susceptibility genes and 11, 5, and 9 members, respectively, with immunological evidence of retroviral exposure. In the presence of both factors (codetected in a total of 15 members of the 3 kindreds), the incidence of Graves' disease was 100%, 67%, and 80%, respectively. One additional member of family B and 3 in family C with both viral and genetic susceptibility factors were found to have serological abnormalities and/or goiter and ocular signs consistent with evolving or preclinical Graves' disease. In families A and C, tight linkage between HLA haplotypes and Graves' disease was demonstrated in a manner consistent with recessive inheritance. The association between the occurrence of both anti-HIAP-I antibody positivity and HLA susceptibility and the presence of Graves' disease was highly significant (P < 0.001). The pathogenesis of Graves' disease in these families appears to be attributable to the interaction between the immune response to an intracisternal type A retroviral particle and immunogenetic susceptibility, leading to the autoimmune processes that underlie Graves' disease, with subsequent development of the characteristic features of the illness. Data from these families suggest that both of these factors are necessary for final disease expression. These results imply that serological evidence of retroviral exposure together with genetic HLA susceptibility are the two major predisposing factors underlying the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. Further studies will establish whether prospective identification of persons at risk for Graves' disease is possible by this means.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Identification of specific features of the development of iodine deficiency in children exposed to low-intensity ecological factors (in case of the Perm Region)].

Iodine deficiency is an important sociomedical problem in most regions of Russia, including the Perm Region. In this connection, to study the low combined influence of a complex of natural (iodine deficiency) and man-made (aerogenic polluting components) factors on human health is urgent. Clinical and laboratory screenings of children were performed in 20 areas of the Perm Region, which have various anthropogenic loads. Varying iodine provision was established for the first time by urinary iodine values (median concentrations). There were characteristic manifestations of thyroid dysfunction in children and thyroid size alterations as hyperplasia. The blood levels of trace elements were measured in the children. There was a mutual interaction of excessive and deficient trace elements with the concentration of thyroid hormones and the level of ioduria. The study areas were classified by the indices reflecting iodine deficiency. The priority indices required for consideration in drawing up regional programmes for preventing and correcting iodine deficiency in the population were defined. Thus, the study have demonstrated that the factors of aerogenic load promote the aggravation of iodine deficiency in the children of the Perm Region, which should be born in mind in their prevention and correction.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of peptide composition in serum albumin in patients with thyroid gland dysfunction].

Trypsin hydrolyzates of blood serum albumin of healthy people and patients with diffuse thyrotoxicosis and hypothyreosis were studied by the cellulose thin-layer electrochromatography. All the patients were found to have changes in the peptide composition of albumin trypsin hydrolyzate which resulted in disappearance of some peptides as well as in the appearance of new ones. Simultaneously conducted measurements of dispersion of optical rotation detected some changes in spectropolarimetric characteristics which provide the evidence for disperalization of its molecule. The found changes in albumin are determined by the disorder of normal protein biosynthesis and possible metabolic damage of protein.

Humans↗