Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “prototype”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Positioning implants for overdentures: a prototype implant-paralleling device. Technical note.

As implant-assisted dentistry continues to grow, increasing emphasis is being placed on the surgical positioning of implants so that they can be optimally restored. While this is essential for esthetics with fixed implant restorations, it is equally important with implant overdentures, where the type of retentive mechanism artificial tooth position, and denture flange contour may be affected by implant position Unfortunately, surgical guides or templates may be used less often with overdenture cases because of the associated time, costs, and difficulty in positioning during surgery, leading to compromised implant location or orientation. This paper describes a prototype paralleling device that can aid in the surgical positioning of implants for overdentures.

Dental Equipment↗
PubMed1980

Accident and emergency: testing the prototypes.

The Dorset ambulance service is currently carrying out trials on modular prototype ambulances. Joyce Galley joined a high speed test run over a rough course and reports on a ride which was made quite tolerable.

Ambulances↗
PubMed1986

A planning and marketing prototype for changing health care organizations.

The U.S. health care industry is undergoing a radical transformation. The consolidation of excess hospital capacity, fierce competition within a shrinking medical marketplace and a growing number of competitive health plans (PPOs and HMOs) are causing a major structural realignment within most health care organizations (HCOs). This realignment has resulted in a much greater reliance upon strategic planning and marketing by HCOs to cope with market-driven competitive challenges. Health care organizations must identify a new cadre of health professionals to support strategic planning, market promotion, market research, market sales and product line management. This new cadre must hold the value that customers (physicians, patients, and employers) are the most valuable asset of the health care organizations. The planning and marketing prototype depicted herein is designed to help HCOs find, differentiate and keep customers.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1999

Financial modeling for global pricing: the NCCN breast cancer prototype. National Comprehensive Cancer Network.

In conjunction with its Outcomes Database, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) is developing a series of financial models to calculate the cost of various episodes of care for cancer. The prototype model is based on the NCCN Breast Cancer Practice Guidelines. This article describes how the model was developed, its constituent parts, and what information it is designed to provide. To accommodate the differences in costs in various areas of the United States, all costs and charges in the model are institution-specific.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1999

The DmpA aminopeptidase from Ochrobactrum anthropi LMG7991 is the prototype of a new terminal nucleophile hydrolase family.

The DmpA (d-aminopeptidase A) protein produced by Ochrobactrum anthropi hydrolyses p-nitroanilide derivatives of glycine and d-alanine more efficiently than that of l-alanine. When regular peptides are utilized as substrates, the enzyme behaves as an aminopeptidase with a preference for N-terminal residues in an l configuration, thus exemplifying an interesting case of stereospecificity reversal. The best-hydrolysed substrate is l-Ala-Gly-Gly, but tetra- and penta-peptides are also efficiently hydrolysed. The gene encodes a 375-residue precursor, but the active enzyme contains two polypeptides corresponding to residues 2-249 (alpha-subunit) and 250-375 (beta-subunit) of the precursor. Residues 249 and 250 are a Gly and a Ser respectively, and various substitutions performed by site-directed mutagenesis result in the production of an uncleaved and inactive protein. The N-terminal Ser residue of the beta-subunit is followed by a hydrophobic peptide, which is predicted to form a beta-strand structure. All these properties strongly suggest that DmpA is an N-terminal amidohydrolase. An exploration of the databases highlights the presence of a number of open reading frames encoding related proteins in various bacterial genomes. Thus DmpA is very probably the prototype of an original family of N-terminal hydrolases.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1998

World wide microscope: new concept of internet telepathology microscope and implementation of the prototype.

We defined a new concept of microscope system for telepathology, named World Wide Microscope (WWM), and implemented its prototype. WWM is constructed by the following three units; (1) microscope unit, (2) control unit, and (3) internet unit. The microscope unit is a conventional light microscope equipped with a motor drive X-Y stage and an objective lens revolver, auto focus and auto iris functions, and a CCD camera. The internet unit is a World Wide Web homepage in which a Java applet and a communication server are installed. The applet is implemented several methods that realize to make a PC client on the Internet as a telepathology terminal. The control unit relays request commands generated from the applet to the microscope unit, and captures the microscopic images. We think WWM will probably become the all round telepathology tool of the next generation.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1998

Heuristic walkthrough evaluation of a prototype computer network service for occupational therapists.

AIM: To identify utility and design criteria for a computer network service for occupational therapists. DESIGN: Heuristic walkthrough evaluation. The evaluators explored a prototype and then commented upon the design in plenary sessions. SUBJECTS: One group of information system design experts and one of occupational therapists. RESULTS: The central utility criteria were the possibility to organize dynamic work groups for development of the occupational therapy profession and access to databases on assistive technologies. The main system design criteria identified were navigation, structure, tools, and content. CONCLUSION: A computer network service can support the development of the therapy professions. Generic issues exist which need to be considered in the detailed design. The heuristic walkthrough method is useful for identifying these.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1999

Collaborative prototyping approaches for ICU decision aid design.

When computer-based aids do not support the human users' decision-making strategies or anticipate the organizational impacts of technological change, advances in information technology may degrade rather than enhance decision-making performance. Such failures suggest the design of human-computer cooperation for problem solving and decision-making must be driven by human cognitive and organizational process requirements rather than computer technology. Decision- and user-centered development techniques involve domain experts and end-users in the earliest phases of design to evolve an understanding of requirements through iterative prototyping. This paper presents a collaborative approach to cognitive systems engineering applied to developing a clinical aid to assist respiratory care in the surgical ICU.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1999

[Rapid prototyping and bone reconstruction].

The authors describe the main techniques for rapid prototyping used in the medical field, with particular emphasis on Laser stereolithography. They describe the basics of the technique as well as the procedures they currently use to construct anatomic specimens from scanned images. For more than 10 years, the targets of researchers in the field of bone reconstruction in craniofacial surgery have been: to design a system to acquire data directly from CT-scans, to optimize modelling, processing and materials, to verify the possibility of producing prefabricated prostheses with data from preoperative models (22 cases). The target of integrating this technique into therapeutic protocols has been reached. The current trend in research is to produce prostheses from biocompatible materials directly from CT scan data by Laser stereolithography.

Computer-Aided Design↗
PubMed1999

A prototype of an information system for assessing the health status of prison inmates.

A research-action program was established in 1996 between the Loos-Lez-Lille prison psychiatric unit and the Department of Medical Informatics of the University Hospital of Lille (France):--(1) to investigate the health status and the general characteristics of the prison population--(2) to develop an Information System for improving the prison health care and to facilitate social rehabilitation of convicts. Starting off 1988, all new prisoners are interviewed on their arrival using a standard questionnaire. The transfer of all the information recorded in this questionnaire into a computer base was initiated in 1996, when the research action program began. A statistical analysis was performed on 15,200 records (1989-1995) to identify the most informative parameters: 50% of inmates were less than 24 years old; 57% were unemployed; 60% had no professional qualification. 31% of inmates had a psychiatric history and 16% had made a previous suicide attempt. The rate of drug abuse has increased from 24% in 89 to 53% in 95. To analyze the time trends of these parameters, a prototype of Information System was then developed. The system uses the database to product standard reports in real time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Prototype for an implantable micropump powdered by piezoelectric disk benders.

A prototype for an implantable mul pump to be used in an artificial pancreas has been constructed, in which pressure is developed by a bellows formed from 2 apposed piezoelectric disk benders connected to the high impedance secondary winding of aminiature transformer. Active valving, properly phased, is achieved by a miniature solenoid valve connected in series with the transformer primary winding and a rectangular wave generator.

Artificial Organs↗
PubMed2000

Prototype Web-based continuing medical education using FlashPix images.

Continuing Medical Education (CME) is a requirement among practicing physicians to promote continuous enhancement of clinical knowledge to reflect new developments in medical care. Previous research has harnessed the Web to disseminate complete pathology CME case studies including history, images, diagnoses, and discussions to the medical community. Users submit real-time diagnoses and receive instantaneous feedback, eliminating the need for hard copies of case material and case evaluation forms. This project extends the Web-based CME paradigm with the incorporation of multi-resolution FlashPix images and an intuitive, interactive user interface. The FlashPix file format combines a high-resolution version of an image with a hierarchy of several lower resolution copies, providing real-time magnification via a single image file. The Web interface was designed specifically to simulate microscopic analysis, using the latest Javascript, Java and Common Gateway Interface tools. As the project progresses to the evaluation stage, it is hoped that this active learning format will provide a practical and efficacious environment for continuing medical education with additional application potential in classroom demonstrations, proficiency testing, and telepathology. Using Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 and above, the working prototype Web-based CME environment is accessible at http://telepathology.upmc.edu/WebInterface/NewInterface/welcome.html.

Cell Biology↗
PubMed2000

Impact of hollow-fiber membrane surface area on oxygenator performance: Dideco D903 Avant versus a prototype with larger surface area.

This study compares the gas transfer capacity, the blood trauma, and the blood path resistance of the hollow-fiber membrane oxygenator Dideco D 903 with a surface area of 1.7 m2 (oxygenator 1.7) versus a prototype built on the same principles but with a surface area of 2 m2 (oxygenator 2). Six calves (mean body weight: 68.2 +/- 3.2 kg) were connected to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) by jugular venous and carotid arterial cannulation, with a mean flow rate of 4 l/min for 6 h. They were randomly assigned to oxygenator 1.7 (N = 3) or 2 (N = 3). After 7 days, the animals were sacrificed. A standard battery of blood samples was taken before the bypass, throughout the bypass, and 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days after the bypass. The oxygenator 2 group showed significantly better total oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer values throughout the perfusion (p < .001 for both comparison). Hemolytic parameters (lactate dehydrogenase and free plasma hemoglobin) exhibited a slight but significant increase after 5 h of bypass in the oxygenator 1.7 group. The pressure drop through the oxygenator was low in both groups (range, 43-74 mmHg). With this type of hollow-fiber membrane oxygenator, an increased surface of gas exchange from 1.7 m2 to 2 m2 improves gas transfer, with a limited impact on blood trauma and no increase of blood path resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Prototypes and applications in neurotelemedicine.

The ENN project was able to develop internet based applications for sleep medicine and prototypes of multimedia tutorials for headache, epilepsy and headache. Telematic technologies were used throughout all workpackages of the European Neurological Network. This overview presents the conceptual links between expert systems, the multimedia database, CD-ROM based tutorials and software tools in order to support neurological diagnostic and therapeutic practice in sleep, headache and epilepsy.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2000

Building a Web-based drug ordering system for hospitals: from requirements engineering to prototyping.

Web-based drug ordering allows a growing number of hospitals without pharmacy to communicate seamlessly with their external pharmacy. Business process analysis and object oriented modelling performed together with the users at a pilot hospital resulted in a comprehensive picture of the user and business requirements for electronic drug ordering. The user requirements were further validated with the help of a software prototype. In order to capture the needs of a large number of users CAP10, a new method making use of pre-built models, is proposed. Solutions for coping with the technical requirements (interfacing the business software at the pharmacy) and with the legal requirements (signing the orders) are presented.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2001

Craniofacial surgical simulation: application of three-dimensional medical imaging and rapid prototyping models.

BACKGROUND: Adequate assessment of the deformity, formulation of good treatment planning, and sufficient rehearsal of procedures before actually performing surgery ensure successful craniofacial surgery. Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) imaging and facsimile models were used in combination to evaluate their function in craniofacial surgery. METHODS: Three-dimensional imaging and facsimile models were used for reconstruction of craniofacial deformity. CT data were acquired, processed, and reconstructed to display 3-dimensional images. The images were used for evaluation of the deformity. The images were then manipulated to create multiple osseous objects. Surgical simulation was performed by moving the computer images. The image processing and manipulation were achieved using the AnalyzePC program. The raw CT data were transformed into a readable format and transferred to produce facsimile models using rapid prototyping technology. The skull models were used for evaluation and surgical simulation. Both methods were compared and used to assist in surgery, which was performed according to the simulations. RESULTS: Three-dimensional CT imaging and facsimile models were helpful for simulation of craniofacial surgery. The actual surgery results were satisfactory without complications. Particular advantages were the unlimited trials with the imaging method, and the feeling of reality with the model method. CONCLUSIONS: Craniofacial surgery is facilitated by preoperative simulation of procedures. Both 3-dimensional CT imaging and facsimile models are helpful for craniofacial surgical simulation.

Craniofacial Abnormalities↗
PubMed1992

The C.E.B.A.S.-Aquarack project: the laboratory prototype and first results of the scientific frame program.

The paper explains the basic conception of a "Closed Equilibrated Biological Aquatic System" (C.E.B.A.S.) incorporated in a Aquarack as a research tool for zoological, botanical and interdisciplinary research in space biology and describes the construction principle of laboratory prototype consisting of a modular habitat for aquatic animals a semi-biological/physical water recycling system and a computerized control unit. Further on the running scientific frame program in which as well five german and two U.S.-universities as the DLR Institute of Aerospace Medicine are involved is presented which includes the subtopics reproductive biology, genetics, embryology/teratology, neurobiology, vestibularis research, stress research general endocrinology, ethology, gerontology and skeleton research. Within this the choice of the experimental animals, the teleost Xiphophorus helleri (vertebrate model) and the pulmonate snail Biomphalaria glabrata (invertebrate model) is explained. Examples of results of the scientific program mainly derive from the hardware-related research and from the reproductive biology subproject with X. helleri.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

A design and prototype for a decision-support system in the field of urinary tract infections--application of OpenGALEN techniques for indexing medical information.

Differences in expert and end-user contexts may be detrimental to the use of decision-support systems. A way to attend to this problem is to triangulate decision-support methods and information sources such as in the case of the expertext system model. To organize the information contained in the system, a common domain model is suggested as a instrument for annotating information. In this paper, a design and a prototype for a decision-support system in the field of urinary tract infections using techniques and methods developed in the GALEN projects is presented.

Abstracting and Indexing↗