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PubMed1996

Preclinical and clinical manifestations of paratuberculosis (including pathology).

The term Johne's disease immediately brings to mind an image of an emaciated, debilitated ruminant with bottlejaw and fluid, pipestream diarrhea. However, the clinical case is merely the tip of the iceberg in terms of the total number of infected animals on the farm. If the clinically affected animal was born on the farm, a minimum of 25 other animals are probably infected and less than 30% of those will be detectable by currently available tests. Infected animals in the early stages of the disease progress slowly over a period of months or several years to stages that may be detected by antigen detection tests and antibody-based diagnostic tests. The duration of each stage of infection depends on age at the time of exposure and the dose of organisms ingested. The lack of tests sensitive enough to detect infected animals in the earliest stages of disease is a serious obstacle to eradication of Johne's disease. The animals with overt infection may be culled from the herd immediately on detection. However, the animals that are shedding organisms below the threshold of detectability and have not mounted an immune response remain behind to contaminate the environment and infect herdmates.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Farm-specific approach to paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) control.

Uncertainties in the understanding of Johne's disease make the pursuit of disease control confusing for producers and veterinarians. Genetic control recommendations have limited adoption or success because they fail to account for the unique circumstances of individual farms. A systematic and pragmatic approach for developing farm control plans is presented. It targets the development of plans that are adapted to individual farm circumstances and are thus more likely to be implemented and effective.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The intravenous administration of johnin in the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in practice.

The diagnostic value of the intravenous injection of 1.6 or 3.2 ml of johnin was evaluated in a total of 116 cattle. The sensitivity was 84% with clinically suspect cattle. A general reaction occurred frequently as well as elevation of body temperature (average 1.47 degrees C). The observance of a general reaction was a good additional source of information when evaluating the test. There was no significant difference in elevation of temperature between the cattle injected with 1.6 ml and those injected with 3.2 ml. A combination of diagnostic techniques such as the complement fixation test, intravenous johnin test, microscopic examination of the faeces and a biopsy examination of the rectal mucosa were necessary, in order to confirm the diagnosis of Johne's disease. In this manner a diagnosis can be confirmed with clinically suspect cattle in 96% of the cases. The sensitivity of the intravenous johnin test was considerably lower in cases of non-clinical Johne's disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Paratuberculosis: a surgical method of diagnosis in practice.

This article examines the use of the surgical mesenteric lymph node biopsy in cattle under field conditions. The surgical method and the complications which occurred are described. It is better not to give a sedative to an animal in advanced pregnancy. The site of the incision depended on the stage of pregnancy. In animals in advanced pregnancy in incision should be caudo-ventral in the right-hand flank. To prevent complications, the grid incision should be used then.

Animals↗