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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Immunogenetic factors in thalassemia and hepatitis B infection. A multicentre study.

Geographical variations in the prevalence of hepatitis B infection were found in association with an increased opportunity of exposure to this virus in patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia in Cyprus, Greece, Sardinia and the United Kingdom. No association was found between the Gm phenotype of the individuals investigated and susceptibility to hepatitis B virus using HBsAg as a marker, or the ability to make antibody to it. Variation in the distribution of Gm haplotypes does not appear to be a feasible explanation for variation in anti-HBs and HBsAg frequencies in a series of highly transfused populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Immunogenetic analysis of H-2 mutations. III. Genetic mapping and involvement in immune reactions of the H-2ka mutation.

Mutation M523 (H-2ka) occurred spontaneously in strain CBA/CaLacSto and was discovered during routine skin graft testing for genetic homogeneity. By linkage and complementation tests, the mutation was previously mapped in the K end of the H-2 complex. We demonstrate that the mutation occurred in the K region, without affecting the I region in the K end of the complex. The mutant antigens cause rejection of skin grafts, stimulate cells in mixed lymphocyte culture, and function as stimulators as well as targets in cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity. Yet, they are serologically indistinguishable from the antigens of the original strain and do not induce formation of humoral antibodies upon immunization of the CBA strain. Together with the results obtained on testing of other H-2 mutants, the data strongly support the notion that classical H-2 antigens (i.e., products of the H-2K and H-2D loci) can function as lymphocyte-stimulating determinants, and that I-region differences are not required for the induction of strong cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[An experimental study on the role of indirect antigen presentation pathway on the immunogenetic of epidermal cells].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of indirect antigen presentation pathway on the immunogenecity of epidermal cells. METHODS: Human epidermal cells (HEC), allogeneic human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and mononuclear cells (PBM, including monocytes) were isolated and cultured in vitro. HECs were transfected by human-originated CTLA4Ig-adenovirus vector. The CTLA4Ig expression was observed. Allogeneic PBLs or PBMs were added to the transfected and non-transfected HECs with simple cultured PBLs and PBMs as the control. The proliferation of PBL and PBM was determined by (3)H-TdR incooperation. RESULTS: HECs could be successfully transfected by CTLA4Ig-adenovirus vector and expressed corresponding proteins. The non-transfected HECs could stimulate slight proliferation of allogeneic PBLs (P < 0.05) and stimulate remarkable proliferation of PBMs (including monocytes) (P < 0.05). The proliferation reaction of PBLs and PBMs decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after being stimulated by HEC which was modulated by CTLA4Ig genes. CONCLUSION: Indirect antigen presentation pathway might play important roles in the HEC immunogenicity which could be evidently inhibited by CTLA4Ig.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2001

Immunogenetic Factors of Predisposition to Blood Malignancies in Russian Population.

HLA class II loci (DRB1, DQB1) have been investigated in patients with different blood tumors: acute myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia and Hodgkin's disease. The purpose was to determine the general (common) markers of predisposition (or resistance) in HLA class II loci to malignant changing of hemopoiesis in Russian population, and to verify the individual associations between HLA and disease for each examined neoplasm. It has been found that: 1). DRB1*11 is general (common) factor of predisposition to all investigated blood neoplasms. 2). In HLA class II loci there are factors of predisposition to one-third of neoplasms such as DRB1*12 DQB1*0503, 0301 for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, DRB1*14, DQB1*0503, 0601 for chronic myelogenous leukemia, DQB1*0503 and 0301 for Hodgkin's disease. Our findings support the hypothesis that there are structures associated with HLA system, which predispose to malignant change of hemopoiesis in general, and other HLA structures, which "turn" the change into concrete nosological form. Both factors are linked with HLA class II loci.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

[Molecular immunogenetic approach to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis].

In Japanese, there is no association of susceptibility to multiple sclerosis with any HLA class II alleles as a whole group. However, when we clinically classified MS patients into those having opticospinal form MS which presented selective involvement of the optic nerve and spinal cord and those with conventional form MS showing multiple involvement of the central nervous system including cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem, the former showed a significant association with HLA-DPB1*0501 allele while the latter had an association with HLA-DRB1*1501 allele. The patients with opticospinal form MS showed a marked Th1/Tc1 shift both in the relapse phase and in the remission phase, as determined by an intracellular IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells and CD 8+ T cells. These findings suggest that opticospinal form MS is also an organ-specific autoimmune disease associated with a distinct HLA allele. By using SEREX method and brain proteomics approach, we have thus searched for any relevant autoantigens in the central nervous system in Japanese patients with MS. Heat shock proteins and neural proteins are found to be possible new candidate autoantigens in Japanese patients with MS.

Asian People↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunogenetic properties of peptides mimicking a human immunodeficiency virus gp41 (HIV-1) epitope recognized by virus-neutralizing antibody 2F5].

Phage display was used to obtain peptides mimicking a HIV-1 gp41 conserved epitope recognized by virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MCA) 2F5. Rabbits and mice were immunized with the peptides exposed on the surface of filamentous bacteriophages. Antibodies to gp41 were detected in the sera of immunized animals. The virus-neutralizing activity of the sera was examined.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

The immunogenetics of immune senescence.

Immune senescence is characterized by a dysregulation of the immune system. With respect to humoral immunity, aging is associated with an increased level of many autoantibodies and a decreased antibody response to most foreign antigens. This observation reflects a decreased capacity to activate antibody production by CD5-negative B cells despite a normal or increased capacity to generate antibodies produced by the CD5-positive B cells. A similar dysregulation of cell-mediated immunity is manifested by an altered balance in cytokine production by T cells from old as compared to young subjects. Thus, the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by T cells from old subjects is decreased although the production of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6 is undiminished or actually increased.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunogenetic characteristics of nuclear families of adolescents with delayed sexual development].

The paper submits data on the antigenic composition of HLA system in members of nuclear families of adolescent boys presenting with the delay in sexual maturation. Positive and negative associations of particular antigens with sexual underdevelopment are stated. Estimated in the families was the highest incidence rate of gaplotypes A 28-B 40, A 28-B 8, A 1-B 40, and A 3-B 40. The authors come out with a suggestion that it might be possible to use the identified antigens in prognostication of delayed puberty.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinico-immunogenetic study on Egyptian multicase tuberculous families.

Thirteen multicase Egyptian families (having more than one sib affected) with pulmonary tuberculosis have been studied. They include 26 parents (4 were tuberculous) and 53 sibs (30 tuberculous and 23 healthy). For all of them the following have been carried out: (a) Clinical, radiological, and bacteriological examination for diagnosis and evaluation of the disease severity; HLA-antigen determination using 9(A), 16(B) and 6(DR) antigens. The analysis of data revealed: (1) high incidence of tuberculosis among sibs in families having A2 B5 in their haplotypes compared to those having A2 X or B5 X--affected sibs with A2 B5 showed more severe manifestations than those having only one of the two antigens; (2) aggregation of HLA concordance among the sib pairs, both fully identical and haploidentical, while none of the sib pairs is non-identical; (3) Lod score studies showed linkage between the genetic control of susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis and HLA; (4) identity by descent study confirms the dominant pattern of transmission. The recommendation is that in a clinical setting of genetic counselling healthy individuals having either A2 or B5 antigens in their haplotypes should be vaccinated with BCG. Furthermore tuberculous patients having these HLA antigens should be managed aggressively, especially those having A2 B5 haplotypes in whom the disease is likely to run a severe course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

No association between rheumatoid arthritis and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: an epidemiologic and immunogenetic study.

To acquire more information on the controversial question of a possible association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus we searched for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus among patients hospitalized due to RA in 2 rheumatism hospitals in Finland. Nine subjects with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus were found among an annual number of 1460 patients admitted to one of the hospitals due to RA. These figures give a frequency of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in patients with RA of 0.6% (95% confidence interval 0.2-1.0%), which does not exceed the prevalence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus among the middle aged population of Finland in general (0.5-0.6%). Accordingly, no overrepresentation of homozygosity for HLA-DR4 was found among the total number of 25 patients with RA as well as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, though the opposite might be expected as these diseases have a common DR4 association--RA with DR4 and DR1 and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with DR4 and DR3. Instead, an increased frequency of DR1 (p less than 0.0002) and the antigen combination DR1/4 (p less than 0.01) was found in the subjects with both RA and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus compared with the subjects with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Immunogenetics of collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Both MHC and non-MHC gene products determine the epitope specificity of immune response to bovine and chick type II collagens.

Seven inbred, RT1-congenic rat strains were immunized with native bovine (BII), porcine (PII), or chick (CII) type II collagen and observed for onset, incidence, and severity of arthritis. Clinical results were compared with IgG reactive with native rat type II collagen (RII) and the purified, renatured cyanogen-bromide peptides of BII, CII, or RII. Immunodominant responses to CB11, CB9,7, and CB12 of RII were identified. Secondary responses to CB8 and CB10 also occurred. Reproducible patterns of peptide reactivity were defined in each strain and reflected both RT1 and non-RT1 genotypes plus the species of immunizing collagen. BN non-RT1 gene products moderated clinical arthritis but increased the levels of reactivity to CB11 in three strains carrying RT1l,n,av1 haplotypes. WF (RT1u) rats were susceptible to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and developed very high levels of autoantibodies with dominant responses to rat CB11 after CII injections and to rat CB11 and CB9,7 after BII injections. DA (RT1av1) rats developed the most severe arthritis but had only moderate (total) levels of anti-RII IgG: a broad response to CB11, CB10, and CB9,7 after CII injections but predominantly to CB12 and CB9,7 after BII injections. Three RT1n strains--DA.1N(BN), WF.1N(MAXX), and BN--were resistant to BII-induced CIA but developed mild arthritis after immunization with CII. After BII: BN IgG reacted with CB9-7, CB11, and CB12; DA.1N and WF.1N IgG reacted with CB9,7 and CB12. After CII: BN IgG reacted broadly with CB11, CB9-7, CB12, and CB8; WF.1N IgG reacted to CB9-7, CB11, CB8, and CB12; DA.1N IgG reacted with CB8, CB11, and CB9-7. Thus, selective induction of CIA in BN, WF.1N, and DA.1N rats by CII correlated with serum IgG reactivity to rat CB11, but overall strain results identified no single cyanogen-bromide peptide as expressing the sole "arthritogenic" epitope in CIA.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Immunogenetic influences on the initiation stage of the cutaneous chemical carcinogenesis pathway.

While it is generally agreed that environmental exposure to solar radiation and to certain classes of chemicals are the major causes of nonmelanoma skin cancer, it is also believed that genetic polymorphisms regulating immunological responses are important determinants of individual susceptibility to skin cancer. However, little is known about their interactions with the chemical carcinogenesis pathway prior to the actual development of tumors. This issue was examined by comparing susceptibility to skin cancer in C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice, two strains that differ only at the lipopolysaccharide genetic locus, which serves as a regulator of a number of immunological activities. When subjected to a two-stage cutaneous tumorigenesis protocol, C3H/HeJ mice, which have a mutation at the lipopolysaccharide genetic locus that renders them deficient in their capacity to produce cytokines and to activate macrophages, developed nearly three times as many tumors as did C3H/HeN mice, which do not have this mutation. Epidermal DNA binding of 7,12-[3H]dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene, an index of tumor initiation, was also significantly greater in C3H/HeJ than in C3H/HeN mice. Immunological activities regulated by the lipopolysaccharide genetic locus thus confer resistance to DMBA-induced cutaneous tumorigenesis in mice and are associated with changes that occur early in the tumorigenesis pathway, prior to the development of tumors.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunogenetic characteristics of the population of the Transcarpathian region of the UkrSSR ABO system erythrocyte antigen findings].

The phenotypes with their respective alleles frequencies of the ABO system were studied in 33 230 individuals of 9 ethnic groups of the Transcarpathian Region population. Statistically significant differences in allele frequencies were found in Gypsies, Germans and Slovaks as compared to those in the main Ukrainian population. There are significant differences between Hungarians and Gypsies of the Transcarpathian Region and analogous populations beyond the region. Absence of a reliable difference between gene pools of the Slav groups of the population and of Hungarians may point to the local origin of the later.

ABO Blood-Group System↗