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Results for “Vision Tests”

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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

The plasticity of vertical motor and sensory fusion in normal subjects.

PURPOSE: It is generally agreed that vertical prism bar training can increase vertical fusion amplitude. However, little is known as to whether the increased vertical fusion amplitude following vergence exercise is due to improvement of the sensory or the motor system or both. The main aim of the present study was to determine the effect of vertical prism bar training on the motor and sensory components of vertical fusion. METHODS: Fifty normal subjects between 17 and 25 years of age were given vertical prism bar training to improve their vertical fusion amplitude. Vertical vergence eye movements were recorded using an infrared reflectance eye tracker system. The sensory component was assessed using a Sheedy disparometer. RESULTS: The findings of the present study showed that the average increase in vertical motor fusion was approximately 30% following vertical prism bar training. The maximum magnitude of VFD remained unchanged in the majority (73%) of subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the vertical fusion amplitude following vertical prism bar training is largely due to improvements in the vertical motor fusion. The prism training has little effect on the sensory component.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Dynamic visual acuity using "far" and "near" targets.

CONCLUSIONS: DVA may be useful for assessing the functional consequences of an impaired gaze stabilization mechanism or for testing the effectiveness of a rehabilitation paradigm. Because target distance influences the relative contributions of canal and otolith inputs, the ability to measure DVA at near and far viewing distances may also lead to tests that will independently assess canal and otolith function. OBJECTIVE: To present and test a methodology that uses dynamic visual acuity (DVA) to assess the efficacy of compensatory gaze mechanisms during a functionally relevant activity that differentially measures canal and otolith function. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The effect of treadmill walking at a velocity of 1.79 m/s on subjects' visual acuity was assessed at each of two viewing distances. A custom-written threshold determination program was used to display Landolt C optotypes on a laptop computer screen during a "far" (4 m) target condition and on a micro-display for a "near" (50 cm) target condition. The walking acuity scores for each target distance were normalized by subtracting a corresponding acuity measure obtained while standing still on the treadmill belt. RESULTS: As predicted by subjective reports of relative target motion, the decrease in visual acuity was significantly greater (p < 0.00001) for the near compared to the far condition.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

UFOV performance and driving ability following traumatic brain injury.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between performance on the Useful Field of View Test (UFOV) and driving performance following traumatic brain injury (TBI). PARTICIPANTS: Sixty people with TBI referred for driving evaluation. MEASURES: Useful Field of View Test, Global Rating Scale and Driver Assessment Scale. RESULTS: Subject performance diminished as the complexity of the UFOV sub-tests increased. There was a significant relationship between UFOV performance, particularly on the second sub-test, and on-road driving performance. Subject age and Trail Making Test, Part B were also predictive of driving performance. CONCLUSIONS: The UFOV can be used as a screening measure to determine readiness to participate in an on-road driving assessment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nutritional assessment and diet quality of visually impaired Spanish children.

BACKGROUND: The visually impaired represents a fairly numerous group in Spain although no data on their nutritional status has previously been published. AIM: This work aims to assess the nutritional state of a sample of visually impaired children and the quality of their diet. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sample comprised 229 boys and girls aged between 8 and 18 years (mean = 14, SD = 2.6), all of whom had a visual discapacity and were students of the Centros de Recursos Educativos (CREs; Educational Resources Centres) of the Organización Nacional de Ciegos de España (ONCE; Spanish National Organization for the Blind). RESULTS: This sample featured a high prevalence of overweight (25.8%) and obesity (11.8%) according to the international standard. The mean daily energy consumption and the quantity of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and fibre were greater in boys (2604 kcal day(-1); 290 g of carbohydrates, 126 g of fats and 90 g of proteins) than in girls (2159 kcal day(-1), 232 g of carbohydrates, 107 g of fats and 80 g of proteins). No differences in diet intake according to degree of visual impairment were found. Their diet was unbalanced in comparison with the nutritional objectives for the Spanish population, since consumption of carbohydrates was low and that of fats was very high. The results relating to the quality of the diet reveal quite large deviations from the Mediterranean model. Only 11.9% of the whole sample had a value corresponding to a good quality diet. CONCLUSION: The pattern of dietary consumption was the same as that observed in non visually impaired children in Spain in quantity and quality, nevertheless the prevalence of overweight and obesity is higher than in children without visual handicaps.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of non-vision-impairing conditions in a village in Chakwal district, Punjab, Pakistan.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of non-vision-impairing ocular conditions (NVIC) and estimate the number of primary eye care treatments per 1000 population per month. METHODS: A cross-sectional study in a random sample of 1670 people was done to determine the load of NVIC in a village in Chakwal district. RESULTS: The prevalence of NVIC was 30.6% (306 per 1000 population). NVIC with the exclusion of presbyopia accounted for 14.6%. The main NVIC were allergic conjunctivitis (3.7%), bacterial conjunctivitis (3.5%), pterygium/pinguicula (2.6%) and acute/chronic dacryocystitis (1%). The average Complaint Frequency (CF) per month/1000 population was 55, excluding complaints of near vision and watery eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The foundation of a comprehensive district eye care strategy in the light of VISION 2020 - the Right to Sight - remains an effective primary eye care service whose elements are treatment of NVIC, detection and referral of cataracts and refractive errors, and promotion of eye health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Potential acuity meter for predicting visual acuity after Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy.

The potential acuity meter (PAM) was designed to evaluate visual acuity in 22 eyes that required secondary capsulotomies. The PAM prediction was within one line in 13 eyes (59%) and within two lines in 17 eyes (77%) and had an 18% rate of falsely bad prediction (more than two lines) and 5% rate of falsely good prediction for YAG capsulotomy. In aphakic patients, however, further study is necessary.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Monocular occlusion can improve binocular control and reading in dyslexics.

Developmental dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental condition which causes 5-10% of children to have unexpected difficulty learning to read. Many dyslexics have impaired development of the magnocellular component of the visual system, which is important for timing visual events and controlling eye movements. Poor control of eye movement may lead to unstable binocular fixation, and hence unsteady vision; this could explain why many dyslexics report that letters appear to move around, causing visual confusion. Previous research has suggested that such binocular confusion can be permanently alleviated by temporarily occluding one eye. The aim of the present study was therefore to assess the binocular control and reading progress of dyslexic children with initially unstable binocular control after the left eye was patched. One hundred and forty-three dyslexics were studied. They were selected from children aged 7-11 years referred to a learning disabilities clinic if they were dyslexic and had unstable binocular control. They were randomly assigned to wear yellow spectacles with or without the left lens occluded, and were followed for 9 months. Significantly more of the children who were given occlusion gained stable binocular fixation in the first 3 months (59%) compared with children given the unoccluded glasses (36%). This advantage was independent of IQ or initial reading ability. Furthermore, at all the 3-month follow-ups, children were more likely to have gained stable binocular control if they had been wearing the occluded glasses. Gaining stable binocular control significantly improved reading. The children who did so with the help of occlusion improved their reading by 9.4 months in the first 3 months, compared with 3.9 months in those who were not patched and did not gain stable fixation. Over the whole 9 months, children who received occlusion and gained stable fixation nearly doubled their rate of progress in reading compared with those who remained unstable. At all the follow-ups the reading of those given occlusion was significantly better than that of those not occluded. Thus monocular occlusion helped children with unstable binocular control to gain good binocular fixation. If they gained stability, they made significantly faster reading progress. The progress made by the children who gained stable fixation was much greater than that achieved with other remedial techniques.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Optical differences in multiple personality disorder. A second look.

The study was designed as a replication of a study reported in this Journal (Miller S [1989] Optical differences in cases of multiple personality disorder. J. Nerv Ment Dis 177:480-486) which found that subjects with multiple personality disorder (MPD) experienced significantly more changes in visual functioning between alter personalities than a control group simulating the disorder. In the present study, data from 20 patients diagnosed with MPD and 20 control subjects role playing MPD were analyzed for statistical and clinical significance. The findings from the present study appear to confirm results from the earlier study that individuals with MPD experience differences in some aspects of visual functioning between alter personalities. The results further confirm that MPD subjects experience more differences across visual measures than control subjects simulating the disorder. However, the findings from the present study are not entirely consistent across the various visual measures or with findings from previous studies.

Adult↗