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PubMedDate not supplied

[The prevalence of headaches in a university population].

BACKGROUND: We have been interested in the prevalence of cephalalgias in a population of university students, as well as its intensity, frequency and duration parameters. METHODS: A group of 490 adult persons, students in the university of Murcia, was put to a questionnaire prepared for this purpose in which they were asked about the presence or absence of cephalalgia episodes during the last 12 months, as well as about their intensity, frequency and duration. They were also asked whether they knew about their headache cause or diagnosis. RESULTS: Results show a characteristic profile 91.9% of persons declare to have suffered from migraines during the last year. Out of them, 40.5% with a minimum frequency of one episode per week with a perceived intermediate intensity of (43.2%) and a duration of 1 to 4 hours (59.7%). Furthermore, statistically significant differences were found in relation with sex: women suffered from more frequent lasting migraines than men; on the contrary, no differences were found between sexes in relation with headache intensity. It is also noticed that 89.65% of persons do not know about the diagnosis or etiology of his trouble. CONCLUSIONS: Data make evident the high prevalence of headache in University students; This justifies, in our opinion, the implementation of programmes of evaluation dealing with this problem in University students populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Prof. Eber Landau, the very first chief of Histology and Embryology Department at the University of Lithuania.

The article deals with the scientific activities of professor Eber Landau carried out in Estonia, Lithuania and Switzerland. Professor E. Landau was born November 8, 1878, in a merchant's family in Rezekne, Latvia. On leaving a classical high school in Riga, E. Landau studied at the Medical Faculty of Tartu University, graduating it in 1902. Later he improved his qualification in histology and anatomy at Villafrenk Zoology station, at the Histology Laboratory in Munich, and in St. Petersburg under the guidance of professor P. Leshaft. In 1906-1912 Landau worked as a prosector assistant at the Anatomy Institute, headed by professor A. Rauber, Tartu University. In 1912 he was elected a director of the Anthropology Institute, Tartu. On the outbreak of the First World War, E. Landau, as a Russian citizen, was called to the army and served as a neurologist and psychiatrist in Paris military hospitals. In 1918, E. Landau returned to Bern and for 5 years worked at the Anatomy Institute headed by prof. H. Strasner. In December 1, 1923, E. Landau moved to Kaunas University. Here he established the Department of Histology and Embryology and headed the Department till 1932. From 1932 till 1950 Eber Landau worked as a professor at the University of Lausanne. Professor E. Landau retired in 1950, but he still continued his research work in the field of neurohistology. Professor E. Landau died October 30, 1959. He left behind him an ample scientific heritage: 175 scientific publications and 12 doctoral theses done under his guidance.

Embryology↗
PubMed2003

Journal publications from Zagreb University Medical School in 1995-1999.

AIM: To analyze a five-year publication output of the Zagreb University Medical School in scientific journals, especially in the journals covered by the Current Contents (CC), bibliographic database of the Institute for Scientific Information. METHODS: Medical School of the Zagreb University is organized in 10 preclinical, 6 public health, and 17 clinical departments, with 359 faculty members. Research activity is important for the academic promotion, with the number of publications (especially in journals covered by CC) and their impact as a key element. Bibliographic data on the published papers by the authors affiliated to the Zagreb University Medical School in the 1995-1999 period were searched in the CC and Biomedicina Croatica databases, according to the official faculty name list. The collected data were classified into three groups according to the source journals: papers published in international journals covered by the CC, Croatian journals covered by the CC, and Croatian journals not covered by the CC. The publication production was measured on individual and departmental levels by using two counting schemes: a) full publication to each author/department; and b) an equal fraction of a publication (1/n) to each author/department. RESULTS: In the 1995-1999 period, the faculty published 578 papers in the journals covered by the CC, 22.6% of them in the subset of Croatian journals. The differences among departments were considerable, with publishing activity per faculty member varying from 0.25 to 6.23 papers in CC journals and from 0.0 to 15.8 in Croatian non-CC journals. Preclinical departments published significantly less in the Croatian journals indexed in the CC then public health and clinical departments. There was a high variance in the number of publications on the individual level, with the 15.4% of the faculty in the professor rank and 45% in the assistant rank who did not publish a single paper in journals covered by the CC in the analyzed period. On the contrary, 10.1% of professors and 6.0% of assistants published more than 10 and more than 4 CC-indexed papers, respectively. A number of authors who have been very productive in international journals indexed in the CC (11 or more papers) did not publish in Croatian journals indexed in the same database, and vice versa. CONCLUSION: Publication output of the Zagreb University Medical School shows imbalances characteristic of a small scientific community: productivity with extreme values, relatively unsatisfactory number of papers published in the international journals covered by the CC database as compared to their importance in the process of the academic promotion, and disproportional role of certain domestic journals covered by the CC.

Authorship↗
PubMed1992

Cardiac transplantation after prolonged graft preservation with the University of Wisconsin solution.

We tested the ability of University of Wisconsin solution to extend hypothermic preservation of the nonperfused heart during orthotopic baboon allotransplantation. Seven baboons received hearts after cardioplegia and storage (4 degrees C) with University of Wisconsin solution, with a preservation time of 14.2 +/- 1.6 hours. One animal died as a result of a technical error. Six survivors were immunosuppressed for 45 days and then put to death. Preservation did not alter heart weight or histologic features according to light and electron microscopy. Animals were weaned from bypass and returned to their cages without intravenous support within 3.9 +/- 0.8 hours. Weekly biopsies, electrocardiograms, enzyme analyses, echocardiograms, and right heart catheterizations demonstrated excellent cardiac function. University of Wisconsin solution can extend hypothermic cardiac preservation and has no deleterious effects on long-term myocardial function (up to 45 days). This study validates the rationale for human trials with preservation and storage in University of Wisconsin solution toward the goal of improving and prolonging donor heart preservation.

Adenosine↗
PubMed2004

U.S. Army-Baylor University Health Care Administration Program: evidenced-based outcomes in the military health system.

The purpose of this research is to assess the impact of an educational program on the Military Health System on some of the evidence-based educational outcomes for the Individual (student) and the Society (all Army Medical Treatment Facilities). The U.S. Army-Baylor University HCA program provides a unique opportunity to assess the impact of an educational program on the Military Health System (MHS). Since the majority of the graduate students are military officers who serve in military medical treatment facilities (MTFs), tracking their career progression allows assessing the value added of the U.S. Army-Baylor University HCA experience from 1951 to 2001 (n = 2234). The context of Society outcomes includes all the Army MTFs where U.S. Army-Baylor University HCA graduates execute their leadership skills. During the time from 1994 to 2001, all of the Army MTFs in the MHS (n = 38) were examined by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO). In a similar but shorter time frame (1997-2001), DoD patient satisfaction assessments were conducted. The Individual outcomes (career advancement, increase in status, higher professional association membership) demonstrate that the selection criteria used for program admission appear to be successful. The Society outcomes showed higher JCAHO scores and satisfied consumers in Army facilities with Baylor graduates as the Deputy Commander for Administration (DCA). Continued internal program assessments (curriculum reviews) and external reviews (Accrediting Commission on Education for Health Services Administration accreditations of 5 years in 1987, 8 years in 1993 and 7 years in 2001, and 7 ACHE student chapter awards) attest to the strengths of the U.S. Army-Baylor University HCA program. Educating the MHS shareholders (patients, beneficiaries, professional and support staff, senior leaders) and leveraging technology to. share best practices for all administrators (including non-Baylor graduates) will help improve the quality patient care of the Military Health System and other healthcare systems.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed2004

[University qualifying work (dissertations), their current registration, electronic access and related technical, administrative and legal questions].

Many countries (USA, Australia, Canada, Latin America, Spain, France, SRN) have national or international systems (e.g. Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations--NDLTD), which openly (NDLTD) or commercially (University Microfilm International--UMI) present up to 50% of master dissertations and doctoral theses in a full text form. Such systems are in agreement with legal regulations of the given country and the author is the only holder of the work--of the dissertation. Authors are at the same time informed that dissertation represents a university document, which presents results of the given scientific community and it should be therefore distributed free of charge. Presentation is also the matter of honour of the author and his university. In the contemporary Czech Auctorial Law (No. 121/2000 Sb.) dissertation is considered as not fully defined "Educational work" and from the practical point the duration of necessary storage is not solved. For the contemporary worldwide conversion to electronically presented dissertations, the necessary technical and library standards has been prepared with the first positive experience. The supplement of the Auctorial and University Law appears to be necessary. It is inevitable to be prepared for that situation before the Czech Republic will join EU.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed2004

Universals of language maintenance, shift and change.

Since Greenberg the recognition of linguistic universals has been the backbone of language typology. Earlier Garvin had already divided universals into absolute and potential ones, the former uncontested cornerstones of linguistic theory, the latter commonly accepted generalizations among experienced professionals. The 'universals' to be discussed here are of the latter type: tried and tested principles of language maintenance and of language change, whose applicability has been established in numerous language contact and conflict situations in different communities. Among the principles displayed and discussed are the following: Fishman's 'intergenerational dislocation' of language reproduction; Haugen's 'dialect fragmentation' of languages vs. Garvin's 'unification' and standardization; Fishman's claim of the complementary distribution of language functions as a guarantee of stable bilingualism; Wölck's disparate distribution of minority language maintenance along the social scale. Evidence for those and some other 'universals' of language maintenance and change will be provided from a 30-year longitudinal survey of Quechua-Spanish bilingualism in Peru; from Seneca-English bilingualism in New York; from studies of diglossia in Scotland and North Germany, of German-Hungarian bilingualism in Hungary from the Ladin survey in Italy and the Sorbian Project in Germany, and from the EUROMOSAIC survey.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1992

Effectiveness and efficiency of selective vs universal screening for chlamydial infection in sexually active young women.

BACKGROUND: Since chlamydial cervicitis is not associated with specific complaints, screening asymptomatic women is an important initiative to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease and its sequelae. Compared with universal screening, selective screening is less costly but less effective so the cost savings vs the consequences of missing infected women need to be weighed carefully. METHODS: In two family planning clinics, 1002 women were surveyed for chlamydial infection (prevalence, 7%) and its predictors to determine whether universal or selective screening is the most efficient strategy. Two rules for the selection of patients were determined by logistic regression modeling and their relative efficiencies were compared by incremental cost-effectiveness and sensitivity analysis. The validity of the screening rules was tested in 191 students attending a university health clinic. RESULTS: If those with cervical friability, suspicious discharge, urinary frequency, or intermenstrual bleeding had been tested, 55.3% of all women would have been screened and 83.3% of all cases would have been detected. If those reporting a new sex partner in the preceding year had also been tested, 75.4% would have been screened, identifying 93.3% of all cases. The predictive power and practicality of the selection rules were validated in the university health clinic sample. Sensitivity analyses showed selective screening using cervical enzyme immunoassay with blocking confirmation was efficient if the prevalence of chlamydial infection was 16% or less, 11% or less, or 5% or less depending on whether base analyses, overestimated costs, or worst performance scenarios, respectively, were used. CONCLUSIONS: Selective screening based on four or five predictors and confirmed cervical enzyme immunoassay is an effective and efficient strategy in low prevalence settings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Research on Pisa University student's life style and health].

Surveys on life and health conditions of university students besides providing useful epidemiologic data partly related to the young population. They are potentially useful for the intervention planning aimed to remove possible environmental or behavioural risk factors. Following these purpose a survey sample about 1200 student attending the University of Pisa was carried out through an anonymous questionnaire about 41 questions focused on behaviours and lifestyles of young people, possible health problems, self-perception of the health state, the use of public health services, and the more commonly used (or preferred) sources of information on health topics. The results suggest that although the self perception of the state of health is broadly positive for the majority of students, there is also a significant frequency of individuals declaring significant at risk behaviours (persistence of sexual practices at risk, drug use, alcohol and smoke abuse). The consumption, also sporadic, of psicoattive substances has been declared gives beyond 40% of the students, in particular 37% asserts to have tried drugs. The habit to smoke appeared diffused much between the students; the percentage of smokers turns out equal to 41% in total (40% females, 42% males). 76% of the interviewed ones has declared to be sexually active, the percentage of those who have declared multiple relations or occasional is elevated (12%), and 47% of the students asserts to use the condom with fixed partner and 77% with occasional partner. Moreover there seems to be a significant association between the changes in the diet and other lifestyles that are due to the "university lifestyle" (as a consequence of leaving the family or increased commuting) and the insurgence of several types of sickness, e.g. gastroenteric disturbances and fever attacks. Finally, the present investigation suggests that few interventions on services offered to students (such as accommodation, teaching structures and especially the creation of a "health office" where students can acquire information on health and other topics related to their condition) could have a significantly beneficial impact on the general state of health of the university population.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Coronary angiography by transradial approach with 5F universal catheter].

OBJECTIVE: To probe the efficacy and feasibility of the transradial approach for diagnostic coronary angiography with 5F universal catheter. METHODS: Transradial coronary angiography was performed in 3094 consecutive patients, 2396 men and 698 women, aged 30 - 81 years, mean age (56.1 +/- 9.8) years, from July 2000 to April 2004. Patients were divided into 5F improved Terumo catheter group (improved Terumo group, n = 985), 5F universal Terumo catheter group (Terumo group, n = 1024) and 5F universal Medtronic catheter group (Medtronic group, n = 1085). The procedure success rate, duration of operation and fluoroscopy between groups were compared. RESULTS: The procedure success rate was 98.4% in improved Terumo group, 98.0% in Terumo group, and 96.0 % in Medtronic group, respectively. The success rate was higher in improved Terumo group than in Medtronic group (P < 0.05). The average duration of operation and fluoroscopy in improved Terumo group was (17.9 +/- 5.8) min and (4.8 +/- 1.8) min, in Terumo group was (18.2 +/- 5.5) min and (5.0 +/- 1.7) min, but (21.1 +/- 7.2) min and (5.2 +/- 1.9) min in Medtronic group. There were significant differences among group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: (1) Transradial coronary angiography with small diameter universal catheter is safe and easy to perform with a higher success rate and allow earlier patient ambulation, and should be strongly encouraged and recommended. (2) Option of angiographic catheter plays a key role in the safety, efficacy and quality of transradial coronary angiography. Seemingly, the improved Terumo group was excellent and shoud be popularized.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence and management of abnormal pap smear in antenatal care clinic at Thammasat University Hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of abnormal Papanicolaou smear in pregnant patients who attend the Antenatal Care Clinic at Thammasat University Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Pregnant patients who attended the antenatal care clinic at Thammasat University Hospital from August 2003 to December 2003 were recruited for Papanicolaou test. Patients who had abnormal results of equally or over "abnormal squamous/glandular cells of undetermined significance" were assigned for colposcopy and colposcopic biopsy to confirm the result. RESULTS: From 500 Papanicolaou smear performed, there were only four patients who had abnormal Pap tests, which were: 2 ASC-US and 2 LSIL. The prevalence of abnormal Pap smear in pregnant patients who attended the antenatal clinic at Thammasat University Hospital was 0.8 percent. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of abnormal Papanicolaou smear in pregnant patients attending antenatal care clinic at Thammasat University Hospital was quite low in compares with other literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Reconsideration of education and research for postgraduate courses in pharmaceutical universities].

Several problems of education and research for postgraduate courses in pharmaceutical universities are described. Some problems related to the foundation period of postgraduate courses in pharmaceutical universities in the 1950s are considered. The most important problem was that several professors in postgraduate courses could not secure enough approval to become authorized. Presented are some academic research by laboratories in the pharmaceutical industry in the 1950s-60s, education and research in the 1960s-70s are considered, and model curriculums of pharmaceutical postgraduate courses are presented. Medical and pharmaceutical education and some new fields of research have been carried out in the 1990s, which has helped progress the separation of prescription from dispensing. Medico-pharmaceutical science as a postgraduate course has been established in several universities since the turn of the century. Some new plans for education and research in postgraduate courses in pharmaceutical universities are proposed.

Credentialing↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence and risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in female New Zealand university students.

AIMS: To measure the prevalence of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a sample of sexually active female university students, to identify risk factors associated with infection, and to measure the uptake of screening. METHODS: Female students aged 18-25 years, presenting to a university student health service from March to October 2003, were invited to participate. Information on demographic details and sexual behaviour was collected with a self-completed questionnaire. The students were tested for Chlamydia infection using the Roche Amplicor CT/NG PCR test of first void urine specimens. RESULTS: Chlamydia prevalence was 2.7% (19/715). Infection was associated with previous sexually transmitted infection (STI), non-European ethnicity, and irregular use of condoms. Most participants were not using condoms regularly despite the risk of STI. Screening was technically straightforward and the participation rate was 59.9% (718/1199). CONCLUSIONS: New Zealand needs to develop and implement an adequately resourced and evidence-based Chlamydia control strategy. This strategy should contain national guidelines on screening in a range of settings, including universities, as well as strategies for primary prevention of Chlamydia and other STI. Clinicians treating university-aged students should consider opportunistic Chlamydia screening for all of those who are sexually active. Further research, preferably in conjunction with intervention studies, is essential to assess the prevalence of Chlamydia in other populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Perinatal mortality at University Hospital Mostar for five years].

AIM: The aim of this study was to present the trend of the rates of perinatal mortality at the University hospital Mostar in the period from 1999 to 2003 and to determine risk factors of perinatal mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observed group was formed by 110 pregnant women whose infants died in perinatal period at University hospital Mostar in the period from 1999 to 2003 and control group by 107 pregnant women, the same parity and age, whose infants didn't die in perinatal period. The groups were compared acccording to available parameters which determine perinatal outcome. We determined risk factors of perinatal mortality by using case-control study. RESULTS: Mean of perinatal mortality at University hospital Mostar in the observed five year period was 14,71%, range 8,88-19,1%o. A significantly higher number of premature labor (ten times higher), twin pregnancy (p=0.005; chi2 = 7.76), placental abruption (p<0.001; chi2 = 13.84), preeclampsia (p=0.027; chi2 = 4.891), placental insufficiency (p= 0.002; chi2 =9.395), metrorrhagia (p=0.007; chi2 = 7.237), fetal growth restriction (p=0.007; chi2 = 7.237), fetal asphyxia (p=0.017; chi2 = 5.683), true knots in the umbilical cord (p=0.024; chi2 = 5.12) and congenital malformations of fetus (p=0.024; chi2 = 5.12) were in the observed group than in control. 68,04% of all infants which died in perinatal period were premature babies. CONCLUSION: Rate of perinatal mortality at the University hospital Mostar is unacceptable high and doesn't show clear tendency of decreasing in observed period. In order to decrease perinatal mortality rate it is necessary to improve the organization and quality of perinatal care and start with regionalisation and establishing tertiary centers on state level.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗
PubMed2005

Recognition of medical universities in Ukraine.

The paper presents a general characteristic of the organization of teaching of medicine to foreign students at the Crimean State Medical University. The Crimea State Medical University is a state higher educational establishment having the 4th highest level of state accreditation. The University prepares junior specialists and bachelors in specialties such as nursing, orthopedic dentistry, pharmacy and doctors in general medicine, dentistry and clinical pharmacy. At present there are 1,500 foreign students from 34 countries studying at the university, with more than half are students from Malaysia. The quality of education at CSMU is evaluated by the State accreditation commission an authorized central executive power in the field of education and science. Textbooks and manuals written in English, which have passed expert evaluation at a state level and approved by the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine, was given permission to be used by all medical schools of the country.

Accreditation↗
PubMed2006

Undergraduate student mental health at Makerere University, Uganda.

There is little information on the current mental health of University students in Uganda. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of depressed mood and suicidal ideation among students at Makerere University. Two student samples participated. Sample I comprised 253 fresh students admitted to all faculties at the University in the academic year 2000/2001, selected by a simple random sampling procedure. Sample II comprised 101 students admitted to the Faculty of Medicine during the academic year 2002/2003. The prevalence of depressed mood was measured using the 13-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The prevalence of depressed mood (BDI score 10 or more) was significantly higher in sample I (16.2%) than sample II (4.0%). Sample I members were significantly more likely than those of sample II to report lifetime and past week suicide ideation. Thus, there is a high prevalence of mental health problems among the general population of new students entering Makerere University and this is significantly higher than for new students in the Faculty of Medicine.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Asserting Bologna Declaration in restructuring of school system at Comenius University Medical School Bratislava.

Asserting Bologna Declaration into university education is a long-term and challenging process. New features have to be asserted sensitively in order to develop school system and to strengthen the baseline for Declaration. Slovakia has started the restructuring of university system and study programs undergoing the process of accreditation, however marked support (or reform) for covering the costs of university education is missing (expressed as % of gross domestic product, Slovakia is still not comparable to other EU countries). At present, not satisfactory economic conditions prevent from reaching the content, personal and equipment preconditions at universities (Ref. 7).

Education, Medical↗
PubMed2006

Effect of rising medical student debt on residency specialty selection at the University of Minnesota.

The cost of a medical education continues to increase while the real value of physician compensation is decreasing. The University of Minnesota Medical School is the most expensive public medical school in the country. Rising tuition costs combined with a relative decrease in scholarship money is resulting in dramatic increases in medical student debt. The average debt load of a medical student graduating from the University of Minnesota was dollars 119,868 in 2004 and dollars 132,988 in 2005. Experts in medical education speculate that such heavy debt affects medical students' career choices. However, prior to this study, the relationship between student debt and residency specialty selection at the University of Minnesota had not been analyzed. This study found a significant correlation between debt and specialty selection at the University of Minnesota, Duluth campus, and no significant correlation at the Twin Cities campus in Minneapolis.

Career Choice↗