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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Induction of cyclooxygenase 2 in gastric mucosal lesions and its inhibition by the specific antagonist delays healing in mice.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The role of two forms of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) in gastric mucosal lesions is not well understood. The regulation of both forms of COX and the effect of COX-2 on the repair process of gastric mucosal lesions in mice were investigated. METHODS: Gastric mucosal erosions and ulcers were induced experimentally in mice. The level of COX messenger RNA (mRNA) was determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. COX proteins were detected by Western blot analysis, and COX activity was determined in the presence or absence of NS-398, a specific COX-2 antagonist. The effects of long-term administration of NS-398 on gastric ulcers were examined. RESULTS: COX-2 mRNA levels were not detected in control conditions but were high during the acute stages of gastric erosions and ulcers. COX-2 protein was detected 5 days after ulcer induction but not in control mice. Gastric ulceration was not associated with a change in COX-1 mRNA and protein levels. Administration of NS-398 to mice with ulcers at acute stages impaired the healing of ulcers. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of COX-2 mRNA and protein during the acute stages of gastric mucosal lesions may be involved in the repair process of these lesions in mice.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed2002

Role of the short isoform of myosin light chain kinase in the contraction of cultured smooth muscle cells as examined by its down-regulation.

GbaSM-4 cells, smooth muscle cells derived from brain basilar artery, which express both 210-kDa long and 130-kDa short isoforms of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), were infected with an adenovirus vector carrying a 1.4-kb catalytic portion of MLCK-cDNA in an antisense orientation. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of short MLCK was depressed without affecting long MLCK expression. The contraction of the down-regulated cells was measured by the cell-populated collagen-fiber method. The tension development after stimulation with norepinephrine or was depressed. The additional infection of the down-regulated cells with the adenovirus construct containing the same insert in a sense direction rescued not only the short MLCK expression but also contraction, confirming the physiological role of short MLCK in the contraction. To examine the role of long MLCK in the residual contraction persisting in the short MLCK-deficient cells, long MLCK was further down-regulated by increasing the multiplicity of infection of the antisense construct. The additional down-regulation of long MLCK expression, however, did not alter the residual contraction, ruling out the involvement of long MLCK in the contractile activity. Further, in the cells where short MLCK was down-regulated specifically, the extent of phosphorylation of 20-kDa myosin light chain (MLC20) after the agonist stimulation was not affected. This finding suggests that there are additional factors to MLC20 phosphorylation that contribute to regulate smooth muscle contraction.

Amides↗
PubMed2024

Dynamic Pathology of Enteric Neural Network Using Curcumin-assisted Multiphoton Laser Imaging in Hirschsprung Disease.

BACKGROUND: In living tissue, it has been difficult to make microscopic-level observations without damaging the tissue. We have invented a novel intravital fluorescent observation method (IFOM) for real-time tissue observation, combining multiphoton laser scanning microscopy with curcumin vital staining (CVS-IFOM). The aim of this study was to use CVS-IFOM to analyze the enteric nervous system (ENS) in mice and human patients with hypoganglionosis and Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). METHODS: In an initial viability study, we compared live ENS images from nonfluorescent C57BL6 mice stained with curcumin (n = 5) and green fluorescent protein mice (n = 5) using multiphoton laser scanning microscopy. We then explored CVS-IFOM for the live examination of resected colon tissues from 1 patient with hypoganglionosis and 3 patients with HSCR. RESULTS: In the viability study, detailed ENS histologic features were only observed in the curcumin-stained mice. In the patient with hypoganglionosis, CVS-IFOM provided ENS details that were not visualized under hematoxylin and eosin staining or calretinin immunohistochemistry, allowing the analysis of ENS size, neural bundle number, and neural cell number per plexus. In patients with HSCR, CVS-IFOM showed a gradual hypoplastic change in the ENS from the oral edge to the anal edge, detecting disproportionate changes in the ENS within the same intestinal level, supporting a circumferentially uneven distribution of the intestinal ENS. CONCLUSIONS: CVS-IFOM may be supportive for intraoperative pathologic diagnosis during surgeries for HSCR.

Hirschsprung Disease↗
PubMed2006

Fibrin glue and polyglycolic Acid nonwoven fabric as a biocompatible dural substitute.

OBJECTIVE: A novel biocompatible dural substitute created using fibrin glue and polyglycolic acid nonwoven fabric was examined for closing ability and histology. METHODS: A rabbit skin model of dural defect was repaired using fibrin glue-covered polyglycolic acid fabric without suture and subjected to a water leakage test to investigate closing ability. In addition, the dural defects created on 12 hemispheres in 6 beagle dogs were repaired with the dural substitute and subjected to macroscopic and histological examination of the dural substitute and adjacent tissue 1 and 2 months later. RESULTS: The dural substitute showed a breaking pressure of 109.9 +/- 37.1 mmHg. Macroscopically, no cases of excessive granulation, infection, or liquorrhea, either on the dural substitute or surrounding tissue, were observed. Histology indicated favorable tissue replacement of the dural substitute with collagenous fiber, although slight foreign body reaction was associated with its absorption. There was no evidence for adhesion to the brain surface or influence on nerve cells. CONCLUSION: Dural substitute created using fibrin glue and polyglycolic acid fabric is advantageous in that it exerts excellent closing ability without requiring suture and can replace biological tissue without causing incompatibility.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Blood-brain permeability of [3H]-(3-methyl-His2)thyrotropin-releasing hormone (MeTRH) in mice: effects of TRH and its analogues.

The present study was undertaken to characterize the transport of (3-methyl-His(2)) thyrotropin-releasing hormone ([(3)H]MeTRH) across the blood-brain barrier in mice and the effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and its analogues (taltirelin and montirelin) on the transport and brain distribution. Integration plot analysis was used to calculate the influx clearance (CL(in)) of [(3)H]MeTRH after intravenous (i.v.) injection in mice. Furthermore, the capillary depletion method was performed to determine whether [(3)H]MeTRH crossed the blood-brain barrier. The effects of TRH and its analogues on the brain distribution of [(3)H]MeTRH were also examined by co-injection with the radioligand. The brain distribution of [(3)H]MeTRH and [(14)C]sucrose increased with the time after i.v. injection in mice, and the level of [(3)H]MeTRH was significantly higher than that of [(14)C]sucrose 5 min after the injection. The CL(in) value of [(3)H]MeTRH was significantly higher than that of [(14)C]sucrose, and the value of [(3)H]MeTRH was reduced by co-injection with unlabeled MeTRH. Also, capillary depletion showed that [(3)H]MeTRH was distributed largely in the brain parenchyma and this distribution was significantly inhibited by co-injection of TRH and montirelin but not taltirelin. The present study indicates that the transport of [(3)H]MeTRH into the brain may be via a saturable process.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pediatric osteosarcoma patients.

BACKGROUND: Since the first trial for chemotherapy in children with osteosarcoma in 1977, the survival rate has gradually improved. Currently, more than 60% of all patients are cured, mainly because of the introduction of intensive chemotherapy using doxorubicin, high dose methotrexate, and cisplatin. The increased survival rates have promoted efforts to improve the quality of survival through the use of limb salvage surgery rather than amputation. Improvements in chemotherapeutic efficacy should result in a more favorable outcome and better function of the affected limb. The current study evaluated factors that influence chemotherapy so that a higher survival rate could be obtained. METHODS: Three chemotherapy regimens comprised of doxorubicin, high dose methotrexate, cisplatin, and ifosfamide were retrospectively analyzed in 67 pediatric osteosarcoma patients. Twenty-three patients were treated with chemotherapy comprised of high dose methotrexate and doxorubicin (OOS-A regimen), 25 were treated with OOS-A with the addition of cisplatin (OOS-B), and 19 were treated with OOS-B with the addition of ifosfamide (OOS-C). RESULTS: The OOS-A regimen was poorest in terms of survival (40.6%) compared with the OOS-B (67.5%) and OOS-C regimens (72.5%) (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in survival between the OOS-B and OOS-C regimens. In the OOS-B regimen, patients who received a higher relative dose intensity showed a better prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that doxorubicin, high dose methotrexate, and cisplatin are the most potent drugs and suggest that it is more important to maintain the dose intensity of the regimen to improve survival rather than add a new drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Indications for colonic J-pouch reconstruction after anterior resection for rectal cancer: determining the optimum level of anastomosis.

PURPOSE: Functional outcome after anterior resection for rectal cancer is improved by colonic J-pouch reconstruction compared with straight anastomosis. The indications for colonic J-pouch reconstruction have yet to be determined. Therefore, we attempted to determine the level at which J-pouch reconstruction provides an advantage over straight anastomosis. METHODS: A total of 48 patients who underwent 5-cm colonic J-pouch reconstruction (J-pouch group) and 80 patients who underwent straight anastomosis (straight group) underwent functional assessment one year postoperatively. RESULTS: The functional outcome in the J-pouch group was significantly better than that in the straight group when the distance of the anastomosis from the anal verge was less than 8 cm. The difference was particularly obvious when the level of the anastomosis was below 4 cm. However, functional outcome in the straight group when the anastomosis was between 9 and 12 cm from the anal verge was also satisfactory and did not differ from that in the J-pouch group when the anastomosis was between 5 and 8 cm from the anal verge. CONCLUSIONS: Colonic J-pouch reconstruction is indicated when the distance of anastomosis from the anal verge is less than 8 cm, and it is essential when the distance is less than 4 cm.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Estimation of the stent placement above the intact sphincter of Oddi against malignant bile duct obstruction.

BACKGROUND: In endoscopic biliary stenting against malignant biliary obstruction, stent blockage remains as an important problem. Stent blockage occurs as a result of bacterial adherence to the inner wall of the stent. We evaluated the stent placement above the intact sphincter of Oddi to retain the function of the sphincter of Oddi as a bacteriological barrier. METHODS: Sixteen patients with malignant biliary obstruction were assessed as the patients with the stent above the intact sphincter of Oddi. Sixteen patients with malignant biliary obstruction were assessed as the patients with the conventional stent placement across the sphincter of Oddi. Tannenbaum 10-Fr. stents were used in both the groups. RESULTS: The median patency periods of the stent were 255 days (25th to 75th percentiles, 212-454 days; range, 39-454 days) for the group of the stents placed above the sphincter of Oddi and 82 days (25th to 75th percentiles, 48-131 days; range, 22-196 days) for the group of the stents placed across the sphincter of Oddi, respectively, with significant difference (P = 0.0001). The occlusion rates of stents placed above and across the sphincter of Oddi were 37.5% and 93.8%, respectively, with significant difference (P = 0.0008). The dislocation rates of the stent were 0% and 6.3%, respectively (not significant). CONCLUSIONS: Placement of the stent above the intact sphincter of Oddi was associated with longer stent patency and lower occlusion rate.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Hepatitis C viral complexity detected by single-strand conformation polymorphism and response to interferon therapy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome heterogeneity by sequence analysis in association with interferon (IFN) inefficacy has been reported. This study was performed to establish a convenient method for detecting the HCV quasispecies complexity and to determine the correlation between the complexity and the responsiveness to IFN therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS: The quasispecies complexity of HCV hypervariable region 1 in patients treated with IFN-alpha was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-mediated single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). RESULTS: Seven of 25 patients (28%) with low complexity (SSCP band number of < or = 2) were HCV RNA negative after treatment, whereas in 24 patients with high complexity (SSCP band number of > or = 3), the response to IFN was almost insignificant because only 1 patient (4.5%) remained HCV RNA negative after treatment (P < 0.05). Among type 1b patients, IFN therapy was only effective for patients with low amounts of HCV RNA (< or = 10(7.5) copies/mL serum) and low complexity. In contrast, most type 2a patients tended to respond to the therapy with exceptions being those with high amounts of HCV RNA and high complexity. CONCLUSIONS: The complexity of the hypervariable region 1 quasispecies may be a factor for predicting IFN inefficacy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Immunocytochemical demonstration of S phase cells by anti-bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibody in human prostate adenocarcinoma.

Using a monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine and immunohistochemistry, we measured the incorporation of this thymidine analogue into the deoxyribonucleic acid of human prostate adenocarcinoma cells exposed in situ. Fifteen patients with prostate cancer were given an intravenous infusion of 500 mg. bromodeoxyuridine at needle biopsy to label tumor cells in the deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis phase (S phase). The tumor specimens were fixed with 70 per cent ethanol, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase method using anti-bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibody as the first antibody. The results showed that this method demonstrated bromodeoxyuridine-labeled nuclei satisfactorily in tissue section. The bromodeoxyuridine labeling index, S phase fraction, was determined by counting the number of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells in the tissue sections. Grade 3 tumors averaged 4.37 +/- 0.48 per cent labeling versus 2.41 +/- 0.49 per cent in grade 2 tumors, and grade 1 tumor in the series had an S phase fraction of 1.36 +/- 0.39 per cent. The average S phase fractions for single gland, cribriform, fused and medullary were 1.16, 2.30, 3.74 and 4.95 per cent, respectively. The results obtained with S phase fraction measured with bromodeoxyuridine labeling proved to be comparable to the results of histological grade and growth pattern. Thus, the higher S phase fraction may indicate biological malignancy. Moreover, the degree of heterogeneity concerning S phase fraction distribution within prostate cancer tissue could be compared to the morphological appearance. Our preliminary results suggest that the measurement of bromodeoxyuridine labeling index in prostate cancer may prove to be a new objective and quantitative assay of biological potential of individual tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of malignant esophageal obstructions with covered metallic Z stents: long-term results in 52 patients.

PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the clinical efficacy of silicone-covered Gianturco-Rösch self-expandable Z (GRZ) stents in the treatment of malignant esophageal obstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: GRZ stents were placed in 52 patients (39 men, 13 women) with severe dysphagia due to high-grade malignant esophageal obstruction. RESULTS: Stent placement was technically successful, and immediate relief of dysphagia was achieved in 50 of 52 patients (96%), with long-term relief in 47 patients (90%). Fifty-one patients (98%) died during follow-up (range, 1 week to 33 months; mean, 4.3 months). Late complications were most prevalent and included stent migration (n = 5), food impaction (n = 2), chest pain (n = 2), membrane disruption with tumor ingrowth (n = 1), granulomatous reaction above the stent (n = 1), esophageal perforation with mediastinitis (n = 1), and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (n = 4). Twelve complications were easily managed with medical, endoscopic, or radiologic intervention. Four deaths may have been related to stent placement (early mortality rate, 7.7%). CONCLUSION: GRZ stents provide relatively safe and effective long-term palliation in patients with severe, malignant esophageal obstruction.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Salvage operation for persistent low back pain and sciatica induced by percutaneous laser disc decompression performed at outside institution: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative and pathological findings.

OBJECTIVE: We identified several problems associated with percutaneous lumbar disc decompression (PLDD) based on a study of patients who required salvage operations for complications after undergoing PLDD at an outside institution. BACKGROUND DATA: PLDD has been performed as a new treatment for intervertebral disc herniation in recent years, and its safety and effectiveness are in the process of being established. Because the procedure is simple to perform under local anesthesia, inappropriate irradiation and application to patients for whom it is not indicated have sometimes resulted in a poor outcome and serious complications. METHODS: The patients comprised 10 with lumbar disc herniation and three with lumbar spondylolisthesis. We analyzed the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and operative findings as well as the pathological features of surgically obtained disc specimens and studied their relationships with the clinical outcomes of the operations. RESULTS: Initial examination of all patients at our hospital showed that PLDD had no effect on low back pain or sciatica. In patients who showed MR signal changes in the end-plate, the pathological examination revealed extensive necrosis of cartilage and bone. During salvage operations, severe adhesion of herniated masses to nerve roots was often observed, with carbonized disc tissue surrounding the nerve roots and might have their nerve root injured thermally. CONCLUSION: PLDD is associated with significant risk of disc, end-plate, and nerve root injuries, contrary to the general belief that the procedure is minimally invasive. Our findings highlight the need for careful diagnosis and sufficient technical skill when selecting PLDD as a treatment option.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The diverse actions of volatile and gaseous anesthetics on human-cloned 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.

BACKGROUND: General anesthetics can modulate the 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor, which may be involved in processes mediating nausea and vomiting, and peripheral nociception. The effects of the new volatile anesthetic sevoflurane and the gaseous anesthetics nitrous oxide (N2O) and xenon (Xe) on the 5-HT3 receptor have not been well-characterized. METHODS: Homomeric human-cloned 5-HT3A receptors were expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The effects of halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, N2O, and Xe on 5-HT-induced currents were studied using a two-electrode, voltage clamping technique. RESULTS: Halothane (1%) and isoflurane (1%) potentiated 1 mum 5-HT-induced currents to 182 +/- 12 and 117 +/- 2%, respectively. In contrast, sevoflurane (1%), N2O (70%), and Xe (70%) inhibited 5-HT-induced currents to 76 +/- 1, 77 +/- 4, and 34 +/- 4%, respectively. The inhibitory effects were noncompetitive for sevoflurane and competitive for N2O and Xe. None of these inhibitory effects showed voltage dependency. CONCLUSION: Inhalational general anesthetics produce diverse effects on the 5-HT3 receptor. Both halothane and isoflurane enhanced 5-HT3 receptor function in a concentration-dependent manner, which is consistent with previous studies. Sevoflurane inhibited the 5-HT3 receptor noncompetitively, whereas N2O and Xe inhibited the 5-HT3 receptor competitively, suggesting the inhibitory mechanism of sevoflurane might be different from those of N2O and Xe.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2002

Specificity and sensitivity of glaucoma detection in the Japanese population using scanning laser polarimetry.

AIMS: To investigate the usefulness of the scanning laser polarimeter (GDx; GDx Nerve Fiber Analyzer) for glaucoma detection in the Japanese population, and to investigate the difference in the thickness of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) between normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: 69 eyes of 69 normal subjects and 115 eyes of 115 chronic open angle glaucoma patients (60 NTG and 55 POAG patients) were studied. The thickness of RNFL was measured with GDx. An eye was diagnosed as glaucomatous, if at least one original GDx variable showed p <5%. The difference in thickness of RNFL between the NTG and POAG groups was then investigated. RESULTS: 46 normal eyes (66.7%) were diagnosed as not glaucomatous (no variables showing p <5%), and 93 glaucomatous eyes (46 NTG and 47 POAG eyes) (80.9%) were diagnosed as glaucomatous. Actual values of average thickness, ellipse average, superior average, and superior integral were significantly lower in the POAG group than those in the NTG group. CONCLUSIONS: New variables which elucidate focal RNFL defects or early changes are needed to improve the moderate detection ability found in this present study. The pattern of the change in RNFL may differ in NTG and POAG groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Soluble osteopontin and vascular calcification in hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Vascular calcification often occurs in patients with uremia. As osteopontin (OPN) is not only involved in the physiological but also the pathological calcification of tissues, OPN may be associated with the pathogenesis of aortic calcification in hemodialysis (HD) patients. METHODS: We examined the expression of OPN in atherosclerotic aortas of HD patients. In addition, we performed a prospective longitudinal study by using CT scans to detect aortic calcifications and by measuring the plasma OPN concentration by ELISA in HD patients (20 men, 16 women; mean age 55.2 +/- 21.3 years) and in healthy volunteers (18 men, 17 women; mean age 54.0 +/- 13.2 years). RESULTS: By immunohistochemical staining, OPN was abundantly localized in atherosclerotic plaques of HD patients. The macrophages surrounding the atheromatous plaques were identified as the OPN-expressing cells. We furthermore found that the concentration of soluble plasma OPN was significantly higher in HD patients as compared with the concentrations in age-matched healthy volunteers (837.3 +/- 443.2 vs. 315.1 +/- 117.4 ng/ml, p < 0.01). The OPN concentration was positively correlated with the aortic calcification index in HD patients (r = 0.749, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that OPN, secreted by macrophages, plays a role in the calcification of atheromatous plaques in HD patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A reliable method for the production of antral gastric ulcer by a combination of 2-deoxy-D-glucose, aspirin and ammonia in rats.

In order to establish a reliable method for the production of gastric antral ulcer in rats, combined treatments with three factors: a vagal stimulant, a mucosal barrier breaker and a necrotizing agent were investigated. By the combined administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG; 200 mg/kg, i.v.), aspirin (100-400 mg/kg, p.o.) and hydrochloric acid (0.15 and 0.35 N, 0.5-1.5 ml/100 g, p.o.) or ammonia solution (0.5-1.0%, 0.5-1.5 ml/100 g, p.o.), gastric lesions were prominently induced in sites of both the corpus and antrum on day 2. The largest antral ulcer was induced by the combination of 2-DG (200 mg/kg), aspirin (200 mg/kg) and ammonia solution (1%, 10 ml/kg); and the mean antral ulcer index (mm2) was 43.1 +/- 4.4 and the incidence was 100%. The antral ulcer was found to penetrate the muscularis mucosae and still observed on day 21 and day 28 after ulcer induction in a few cases. From these findings, it was indicated that this antral ulcer would be a useful model for studying the etiology and therapy of gastric ulcer disease.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[In vitro antifungal activities of amorolfine against fresh isolates from patients with cutaneous mycosis].

In vitro antifungal activities of amorolfine (MT-861), a new morpholine antifungal agent, were examined using an agar-dilution method, in comparison with those of 2 other antifungal agents, clotrimazole (CTZ) and bifonazole (BFZ), against 182 clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, and Epidermophyton floccosum, which had been freshly isolated from a total of 182 cutaneous mycotic patients with various types of dermatophytes or cutaneous candidiasis. Antifungal activities of the 3 drugs against T. rubrum were in the order of MT-861 greater than CTZ greater than BFZ, with the lowest average MIC values (0.0070 micrograms/ml) obtained with MT-861. The average MIC value of MT-861 for clinical isolates from patients with pedis was roughly 2.3-fold higher than that for those from patients with tinea corporis. Out of 3 drugs tested MT-861 exhibited the most potent activities against clinical isolates of T. mentagrophytes, M. canis, and E. floccosum with average MIC values of 0.0267, 0.0079, and 0.0018 micrograms/ml, respectively. MIC values of MT-861 against isolates of Candida albicans ranged from 0.01 to 10 micrograms/ml, and the average value (0.1762 micrograms/ml) was the lowest of the 3 drugs.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2006

In vitro antifungal activity of luliconazole against clinical isolates from patients with dermatomycoses.

The in vitro antifungal activity of luliconazole, a novel topical imidazole, against pathogenic fungi implicated in dermatomycoses was studied. A total of 91 clinical isolates, consisting of 59 Trichophyton rubrum isolates, 26 T. mentagrophytes isolates, 1 Epidermophyton floccosum isolate, and 5 Candida albicans isolates were tested by the broth microdilution method, employing lanoconazole, terbinafine, and bifonazole as reference drugs. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of luliconazole against T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes were in the range of 0.00012-0.004 microg/ml and 0.00024-0.002 microg/ml, respectively. The MIC90 of luliconazole for these two species of dermatophytes was the same, at 0.001 microg/ml, and these values were 4 times, 30 times, and more than 1000 times lower than those of lanoconazole, terbinafine, and bifonazole, respectively. Similarly, the 1 isolate of E. floccosum tested was inhibited by luliconazole with an MIC of 0.001 microg/ml. Luliconazole also proved to be very potent against C. albicans (MIC range, 0.031-0.25 microg/ml), nearly on par, in terms of efficacy, with lanoconazole (0.063-0.25 microg/ml) and more potent than terbinafine (2->64 microg/ml) and bifonazole (0.5-4 microg/ml). These results showed that luliconazole was very potent in vitro against pathogenic fungi isolated from patients with dermatomycoses, and these findings emphasized the utility of luliconazole for the topical management of this condition.

Antifungal Agents↗