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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Hormonal regulation of trehalose metabolism in the blowfly Phormia Regina Meig.: effects of cardiacectomy and allatectomy at the subcellular level.

1. Kinetic properties of adult Phormia fat body glycogen synthetase were studied and compared to other animals. The KM for UDPG is 2.82 mM, decreasing to 0.58 mM in the presence of G-6-P. 2. The specific activity of fat body glycogen synthetase shows a reduction of 30% within 2 days after allatectomy. 3. Fat body T-6-P synthetase activity decreases to 70% of the control value after cardiacectomy. 4. Corpus cardiacum homogenate fails to induce higher T-6-P synthetase activity in cell-free preparations from cardiacectomized flies. 5. Interactions between corpus cardiacum and corpus allatum in regulating carbohydrate metabolism are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Analysis of DNA flanking the treA gene of Bacillus subtilis reveals genes encoding a putative specific enzyme IITre and a potential regulator of the trehalose operon.

Nucleotide sequencing revealed the genes treP encoding a putative specific enzyme IITre upstream from treA and treR encoding a potential regulator downstream from treA of Bacillus subtilis 168. The treP gene encodes a 470-amino acid (aa) protein (50 kDa) showing high similarities to several different specific enzymes II of phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase systems. treR encodes a 238-aa protein (28 kDa) with high homologies in its N-terminal part to DNA-binding proteins including a helixturn-helix motif. Homologies in its C-terminal part place it in the family of FadR-GntR transcriptional regulators. The three genes, treP-treA-treR, are probably organized in one operon expressed by a sigma A-dependent promoter 53 bp upstream from treP and a rho-independent terminator 28 bp downstream from treR.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed2005

Effects of gamma-irradiation on trehalose-hydroxyethylcellulose microspheres loaded with vancomycin.

Ionizing radiation can be used as a drug sterilization technique, provided that the drug itself is not modified and that no toxic products are produced; moreover, if the irradiated product is a drug delivery system, the drug release characteristics must not be significantly altered by radiation. The aim of this work was to study the effects of sterilization by ionizing radiation on hydroxyethylcellulose/trehalose spherical micromatrices, containing the antibiotic vancomycin. Our experimental results showed that gamma-rays did not alter the chromophore groups of vancomycin (UV measurements), and did not modify the kinetic behavior of drug release from microspheres. Moreover, no significant changes in the shape and in the size distribution of microspheres were found after irradiation. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was proven to be a valid identification method of the executed radiation treatment, even after 5 years. The experimental results showed that the therapeutic application of the pharmacological system investigated was not compromised by irradiation, and that ESR spectroscopy can be used to distinguish irradiated from non-irradiated products.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1976

Synthesis of the allo-analogue of trehalose.

Selective benzoylation of HO-2 and HO-2' of 4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside with N-benzoylimidazole led to the exclusive formation of 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. Oxidation of either the dibenzoate or the corresponding ditosylate with methyl sulphoxide--phosphorus pentaoxide gave the 3,3'-diulose, and subsequent reduction with borohydride gave the 3,3'diepimers having the allo-allo configuration. De-esterification and hydrolysis of the benzylidene substituents gave alpha-D-allopyranosyl alpha-D-allopyranoside.

Disaccharides↗
PubMed1999

A novel trisaccharide glycolipid biosurfactant containing trehalose bears ester-linked hexanoate, succinate, and acyloxyacyl moieties: NMR and MS characterization of the underivatized structure.

A Gram-positive actinomycete growing on n-hexadecane secreted a family of anionic glycolipid surfactant homologs. The major homolog, with a molecular weight of 1210.6347, had the formula C58H98O26. Following mild alkaline saponification, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the non-reducing trisaccharide backbone: beta-Glcp-(1-->3)-alpha-Glcp-(1<-->1)-alpha-Glcp ('laminaratrehalose'). Hexanoate, succinate, 3-hydroxyoctanoate, and 3-hydroxydecanoate were found in 3:1:1:1 molar ratio using GC-EIMS analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) prepared by transesterification. We found that the beta-hydroxy acids bore secondary hexanoate chains in 3-O-ester linkage, giving acyloxyacyl anions of appropriate m/z in FABMS and FABMS/MS spectra. COSY, HETCOR, HMBC, and HMQC NMR experiments established the acylation pattern: succinate at C-2 of the terminal alpha-glucopyranose ring; hexanoate at C-3" of the beta-glucopyranose ring; 3-hexanoyloxyoctanoate and 3-hexanoyloxydecanoate at the 2'- and 4-positions. In FABMS spectra, the homologs flanked the molecular ion by +/- 14 and +/- 28 amu, suggesting heterogeneity in acyl chain length.

Acylation↗
PubMed1963

TREHALOSES.

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Chemical Phenomena↗