Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Tooth Socket”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Fibrinolytic activity of blood and saliva before and after oral surgery.

Blood and saliva samples were collected from 120 healthy persons whose bilateral mandibular impacted molars were to be removed surgically. The samples were collected at preoperative examination, immediately after the operation and in the postoperative period. The fibrinolytic activity of the euglobulin fractions, precipitated at pH 5.9 from plasma and mixed saliva, was measured by the fibrin plate method. The clinical variables were: age, sex, use of peroral contraceptives and menstrual cycle, daily tobacco consumption, duration of operation and amount of local anesthetic. The fibrinolytic activity of blood was lower in smokers than in nonsmokers (P less than 0.01). Women taking oral contraceptives showed higher fibrinolytic activity in blood and saliva (P less than 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the following independent variables were significant as predictors estimating the postoperative fibrinolytic activity of blood (R2 = 0.42, P less than 0.001): preoperative fibrinolytic activity, operation time, tobacco consumption and amount of local anesthesia. No relationship was demonstrated between the preoperative fibrinolytic activity in blood and mixed saliva, whereas postoperative fibrinolytic activity in blood significantly influenced the activity in saliva, because of direct contamination from the oral ulcer (P less than 0.05). Patients who developed alveolitis sicca dolorosa ("dry socket") showed significantly higher fibrinolytic activity in the blood postoperatively (P less than 0.01).

Blood↗
PubMed1994

The removal of impacted third molars. Principles and procedures.

This article reviews factors relating to the removal of impacted third molars. It covers indications for surgery and how indications and surgical difficulty correspond with the age of the patient. The difficulty of the procedure depends not only on age, but on how the tooth is categorized radiographically (classification, position, angulation) and on the patient's facial characteristics (tapering versus compact facial form). The operator's familiarity with the anatomy of the surgical site is indispensable for uneventful third molar surgery. A signed consent form is necessary to meet medico-legal standards. With a diagnosis, treatment plan, and consent to proceed, these teeth are extricated from their sockets with a modicum of instruments, each one fulfilling a specific purpose. The surgical procedure, whether maxillary or mandibular, can be broken into separate segments for technique elaboration and refinement. These segments are flap development, bone removal, luxation, sectioning, tooth removal, and closure. Specific methods may vary among dental surgeons based on training and experience, but they all should correspond to basic and established principles of surgical technique. Some of these principles and techniques have been outlined in describing the removal of typical mandibular and maxillary third molar impactions.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Placement of implants into fresh extraction sites: 4 to 7 years retrospective evaluation of 95 immediate implants.

A 7-year follow-up of implants placed immediately after tooth extraction into fresh extraction sites is reported. Small autogenous bone chips (from bone adjacent to implant sites) were grafted into the defect between the implant and the socket walls when needed. Closure of the wound was obtained by coronal repositioning of the flap, and no membranes were used. Care was taken to minimize hematoma formation under the flap during healing by part-time use of removable prosthesis with thick soft linings after implant surgery. At second stage surgery, mucoperiosteal flaps were apically repositioned for maximum attached gingival width and to reconstruct the vestibule. Minor complications such as exposure occurred in 16% of cases. Implant mean 5-year cumulative survival rate was 95%. There was no implant loss after loading. The results indicated that implants placed into fresh extraction sites grafted with autogenous bone chips will heal predictably.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ridge preservation using HTR synthetic bone following tooth extraction.

Use of HTR (synthetic bone graft material) has been described to make tooth extraction a more controlled, regimented procedure. Strict adherence to surgical technique, with emphasis on appropriate suturing, is necessary to produce consistently successful results. A variation of an interrupted suture technique, the double-mattress stitch, is described in detail to achieve these results. This suturing method is replicable and applicable to most areas of the mouth. This technique is more challenging (but not impossible) to perform in areas that are difficult to access, such as in maxillary third molar regions. This stitch is essential for closing the extraction site and containing the graft material during initial healing. An ideal bone graft material should prevent postextraction osteitis, and maintain bone in the extraction area and proximal to this site. HTR satisfied these requirements.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2006

Cyclooxygenase-2 induction after oral surgery does not entirely account for analgesia after selective blockade of cyclooxygenase 2 in the preoperative period.

BACKGROUND: The administration of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors before surgery is regarded as an innovative option to manage postoperative pain. This study was designed to (1) examine the efficacy of preoperative cyclooxygenase-2 blockade on postoperative oral pain and (2) compare pain intensity with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and cyclooxygenase isoform (cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression at the surgical site during the postoperative period. METHODS: Sixty patients with impacted lower third molars were randomly allocated to three single-dose treatment groups--placebo, 50 mg rofecoxib, or 550 mg naproxen--1 h before extraction. Pain intensity was evaluated with categorical and visual analog scales every 30 min from 90 to 240 min after surgery. At these times, PGE2 production in the alveolar socket was also evaluated. Cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression was examined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in gingival specimens collected during tooth removal and 240 min after surgery. RESULTS: Pain intensity and PGE2 production in the placebo group increased throughout the observation period. Naproxen prevented pain and decreased PGE2 release at all time points. Rofecoxib reduced PGE2 production versus placebo from 150 min onward, while inducing analgesia through the whole observation period. mRNA assay in gingival specimens collected at tooth extraction revealed cyclooxygenase-1 expression, whereas cyclooxygenase 2 was undetectable. At the end of observation, cyclooxygenase-1 mRNA expression was unchanged, whereas cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA was significantly induced. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that preoperative administration of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor ensures effective control of postoperative pain. It is suggested that the selective blockade of inducible cyclooxygenase 2 at the surgical site does not entirely account for the analgesic action occurring in the postoperative period.

Actins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Osteonecrosis of the jaws in patients treated with bisphosphonates. Review of the literature and the Milan experience.

AIM: A series of 5 patients with osteonecrosis of the jaws possibly related to the use of bisphosphonates is presented. A brief review of the literature is also proposed. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients who received bisphosphonates and who developed osteonecrosis of the jaws following minor oral surgery was performed. RESULTS: In all 5 patients, a tooth extraction preceded the onset of osteonecrosis of the mandible. Patients were on chronic use of intravenous bisphosphonates. The presenting lesions was a nonhealing extraction socket and an exposed jawbone. Biopsy of the bone lesions showed no evidence of metastatic involvement. Antibiotic therapy, conservative debridement and, in some cases, bone sequestrectomy were performed. CONCLUSIONS: Osteonecrosis of the jaws appears to have a relationship with the use of bisphosphonates. It is important that medical oncologists and dentists become aware of this possible complication in order to perform minor oral surgery prior to starting bisphosphonates treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Tooth exfoliation and necrosis of the crestal bone caused by the use of formocresol.

A 68-year-old woman received a formocresol pulpectomy of the right lower lateral incisor. The temporary restoration was lost within hours. The next day, the patient suffered continuous pain, the gingiva sloughed, and the alveolar bone was exposed. Four days after treatment, the patient complained of moderate pain. Six days after the pulpectomy, the tooth spontaneously exfoliated. At this time she was referred to our hospital. The clinical diagnosis was chronic alveolitis. Treatment consisted of irrigation of the area. Three weeks after the pulpectomy, the dull pain had subsided, but the alveolar bone of the area showed increased mobility. Five weeks after the pulpectomy, the mobility of the alveolar bone was more significant and a sequestrectomy was performed with the patient under local anesthesia. The sequestrum of necrotic bone was approximately 10 x 5 x 5 mm in size. The patient has been symptom-free for 2 years since the sequestrectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Tooth grafts in the dog: effect at mid-term of preservation of the periodontal ligament on root and alveolar remnants].

This work was undertaken to study at middle term (5 months) the behaviour of radicular grafts implanted in newly formed sockets. In some of the grafts, the remnants of the periodontal membrane were carefully preserved in a wet medium while in the others the root surface was curetted and dried. Preservation of the periodontal tissues allowed the organization of a periodontal space. This new periodontal ligament was occasionally functional with fibres in continuity from cementum to bone. Generally it was not functional with the fibres laying parallel to cementum and bone surfaces. Early "surface resorption" of the root was prevented as well as ankylosis leading to replacement of root with bone. The extent of ankylosis was reduced. It was localized to the buccal and lingual aspects of the roots where the periodontal ligament was disorganized during the extraction procedure. In the non preserved roots, ankylosis was almost total. Roots were in part replaced with bone. At 5 months, this process was still in progress.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1997

A feasibility study evaluating rhBMP-2/absorbable collagen sponge device for local alveolar ridge preservation or augmentation.

This two-center human clinical trial evaluated recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivered in an absorbable collagen sponge (rhBMP-2/ACS) for either alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction or augmentation of localized osseous defects. This 24-month study comprised two parts: a 4-month acute safety and bone induction period (Part I) followed by a 20-month, osseointegration, functional restoration, and long-term safety evaluation (Part II). The primary objective of Part I, discussed in this article, was to evaluate the short-term safety and technical feasibility of the rhBMP-2 device implantation. Twelve patients (six preservation and six augmentation) were enrolled in the investigation. Patient safety was monitored by oral examinations, radiographs, and the collection of blood samples to measure serum chemistries, hematology, and potential antibody formation. Technical feasibility was evaluated by collecting information relating to the handling properties of the rhBMP-2/ACS device. The ability of various evaluative tools to measure the bone-inducing activity of the rhBMP-2/ACS device was also assessed. The clinical results suggested that rhBMP-2/ACS was well tolerated locally and systemically, with no serious adverse events. The device was found to be easily handled and adapted to the ridge and extraction socket. Using direct measurements, all sites demonstrated firmness and fullness to palpation at 4 weeks; however, a loss of volume was noted in some treatment areas between 4 and 8 weeks. Augmentation of the alveolar ridge was not observed in the patients as assessed by the evaluation techniques. This trial indicated that the use of rhBMP-2/ACS to preserve alveolar ridge after tooth extraction or augmentation of localized defects is safe and feasible. Bone fill was observed in all alveolar sockets filled with the rhBMP-2 device.

Absorption↗
PubMed1995

Germectomy or delayed removal of mandibular impacted third molars: the relationship between age and incidence of complications.

PURPOSE: To analyze and compare complications and side effects after removal of 1,500 mandibular impacted third molar teeth in three age groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample comprised 868 patients, 462 women and girls and 406 men and boys aged 9 to 67 years. The patients were divided according to age into the following three groups: group A, aged 9 to 16 years; group B, aged 17 to 24 years; group C, older than 24 years of age. RESULTS: The incidence of complications and side effects was 2.6% in group A, 2.8% in group B, and 7.4% in group C. All complications were temporary except in one instance of mandibular nerve paresthesia that occurred in a group C patient, in whom symptoms were still present 25 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: This study showed no significant difference in the complication rate between groups A and B, but complications significantly increased in group C.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Prevention of alveolar osteitis with chlorhexidine: a meta-analytic review.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess if chlorhexidine (CHX) rinse decreases the occurrence of alveolar osteitis (AO) following third molar removal. STUDY DESIGN: A literature search identified 7 randomized prospective clinical trials reporting incidence of AO following removal of mandibular third molars. Studies were combined into 2 groups and summary relative risks were calculated for each group. One group of studies evaluated rinsing on the day of surgery only and the second group of studies rinsed at least on the day of surgery and several days after surgery. RESULTS: The relative risk for the single rinse group was 1.36 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80, 2.33), P>.05, whereas for the multiple rinse group, the relative risk was 1.90 (95% CI 1.46, 2.47), P<.05. CONCLUSION: Rinsing with CHX on the day of surgery and several days after may reduce the incidence of AO.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1979

Tranexamic acid in alveolar sockets in the prevention of alveolitis sicca dolorosa.

The effect of trans-4-amino-methyl-cyclohexane acid (AMCA) and a placebo preparation on the development of alveolitis sicca dolorosa (ASD) was investigated in a double-blind designed experiment. The preoperative registrations were age, sex, use of oral contraceptives, menstrual cycle, smoking, degree of impaction and operation time. The study included 120 healthy persons. Each person had bilateral impacted mandibular molars removed surgically at one session. AMCA (160 mg/extraction site) or placebor was applied in each socket after the operation. The postoperative course was evaluated on average 5 days later by the use of 13 different variables describing local and general discomfort. The incidence of ASD was 7.5% in the AMCA side and 5.0% in the placebo side. The result shows that a local inhibition of plasminogen activation by AMCA is insufficient to prevent the development of ASD. The occurrence of ASD and postoperative discomfort was not increased in women operated during the menstrual period. The usage of oral contraceptives is known to be associated with a high frequency of ASD. Women taking oral contraceptives may therefore postpone the operation to the withdrawal period of the pill, to reduce the risk of developing ASD. Postoperative pains and the consumption of analgetics were significantly increased in patients who were habitual smokers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Does oral contraceptive use affect the incidence of complications after extraction of a mandibular third molar?

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether oral contraceptive use affects the incidence of complications (pain, trismus, dry socket) in women undergoing removal of impacted mandibular third molars. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Two hundred and sixty seven women, aged 17 - 45 years, underwent removal of an impacted mandibular third molar. Eighty seven of the women were regular users of oral contraceptives. All patients were evaluated for postoperative pain, trismus and dry socket (localized alveolar osteitis). RESULTS: Mean trismus values (measured as maximum interincisal distance) were similar in the two groups of patients. Postoperative pain was significantly more frequent among women taking contraceptives, both on day 1 (30% of women taking contraceptives used analgesics, versus 11% of women not taking contraceptives, p < 0.001) and on day 5 (14% versus 5%, p = 0.024). Similarly, dry socket occurred more frequently among women taking contraceptives than among women not taking contraceptives (11% versus 4%, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the view that oral contraceptive use favours the appearance of dry socket and postoperative pain after extraction, but has no effect on trismus.

Adolescent↗