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PubMed1994

Histologic changes in dental morphology induced by high dose chemotherapy and total body irradiation.

Disturbances in dental development were studied with the use of radiography and histology in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who was treated with induction chemotherapy at 2.3 years of age and bone marrow transplantation at 4.3 years of age. The follow-up 9.5 years after bone marrow transplantation showed evidence of short tapered roots, enamel hypoplasia, microdontia, and aplasia. A histologic examination of two extracted permanent teeth showed that the crown of the maxillary lateral incisor exhibited numerous incremental lines that corresponded closely to the treatment periods with cytotoxic drugs. The maxillary second premolar exhibited regularly spaced incremental lines in the enamel and dentine. A gross hypoplasia was seen in the cervical part of the crown corresponding to the time of administration of 10 Gy total body irradiation. The results indicate that chemotherapy mainly induces qualitative disturbances in dentine and enamel, whereas total body irradiation induces both qualitative and quantitative changes.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMed2000

Effects of prenatal stress on development in mice: maturation and learning.

Female CD-1 mice were stressed during the final week of gestation. Beginning 3 days after birth, until weaning, their pups were examined for eye opening, startle response, tooth eruption, surface righting, ability to cling to and climb an incline, tail pull reflex, rotation, linear movement and exploration. At 3 months of age, they were tested in a Morris Water Maze. Stressed animals were significantly lighter and shorter than non-stressed animals the first week after birth. By 3 days after birth, significantly fewer stressed animals could rotate or right themselves. By 6 days after birth, significantly fewer stressed animals could cling to or climb an inclined screen, or show the tail pull reflex. By 9 days of age, significantly fewer stressed animals had teeth. In contrast, by day 12 of age, significantly more stressed animals demonstrated exploratory behavior than did non-stressed animals. There were no sex differences in the ability of animals to perform these tasks at the same age. Stressed animals were significantly slower than non-stressed animals to reach the hidden platform in the water maze on all trials, and this difference was due to stressed females being slower to find the platform than non-stressed females, with no main effect of stress on males. This study supports and expands previous findings in rodents that prenatal stress can cause deficiencies in some early indices of physical maturation and also that these deficiencies can be continued into adulthood.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Root resorptions in a patient with hemifacial atrophy.

Hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome) is a rare but well-recognized condition. The developmental effects on facial and oral structures have been well documented in the literature. However, the etiology of hemifacial atrophy remains unknown. Previous reported alterations in tooth growth and development include delayed tooth eruption, abnormal root morphology, and malocclusion but not root resorption. This report presents the orofacial changes from hemifacial atrophy in a 22-yr-old woman and describes the occurrence of root resorptions in two regions affected by this condition. The concurrent presence of root resorptions in both the maxilla and mandible in the regions showing the most severe dental malformations points to root resorption as an additional complication of hemifacial atrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Dental abnormalities in children after chemotherapy treatment for acute lymphoid leukemia.

The frequency of dental abnormalities, such as delayed dental development, microdontia, hypoplasia, agenesis, V-shaped root and shortened root was evaluated in 76 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) pediatric patients who had been off chemotherapy for 6 months. These children had been subjected to one of the three Brazilian Protocols or the BFM86 Protocol. The patients were divided into three groups: Group I (GI; high risk) treated with one of the three Brazilian Protocols who received high-dose chemotherapy, intensive maintenance and cranial radiotherapy; Group II (GII; low risk) who were also treated with one of the three Brazilian Protocols using low-intensive chemotherapy with no radiotherapy; and Group III (GIII) based on the BFM86 Protocol. Of 76 children, 13 showed no dental abnormalities (8 were at the age of tooth formation). The remaining 63 children (82.9%) showed at least one dental anomaly. The abnormalities were probably caused by the type, intensity, frequency of the treatment and age of the patients at ALL diagnosis and this might have important consequences for the children's dental development.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1997

Infantile schwannoma of the maxillary sinus.

A rare case of a 5-year-old female with schwannoma of the maxillary sinus is presented. She had complained of painless swelling of the left cheek and hard palate for a duration of one year. Preoperatively, a CT scan strongly suggested it to be a maxillary cyst with an erupted tooth rather than neoplasm. The tumour was completely removed after embolization of the left internal maxillary artery. The tumour was composed of spindle cells in a palisading pattern and intercellular collagenous fibres. Mitotic figures and atypical nuclei were not observed. Immunohistochemically, the majority of the cells were positive for NSE and S-100 protein, whereas GFA and PCNA showed little immunoreaction. The pathological diagnosis was Antony type A of schwannoma arising in the maxillary sinus.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultimate tensile strength of PDL of molars in rats after 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate injections.

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Administration during root formation of a bisphosphonate, 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP), at a dose corresponding to 10 mg P/kg body weight, has been found to interfere with the formation of acellular cementum in rats. The purpose of this study was to measure the force required to extract a tooth lacking normal acellular cementum, and to correlate this force and the ultimate periodontal strength with the morphology of the periodontal tissues at different time intervals after single or multiple injections of HEBP. RESULTS: A single injection of HEBP given during root formation inhibited the formation of acellular cementum and resulted in a temporary reduction of the extraction force and the ultimate tensile strength. Ninety days after the injection of HEBP, both parameters were the same as in the controls. The increase in extraction force and ultimate tensile strength was associated with the onset of occlusal contact of the teeth. The organization of periodontal ligaments was improved after the teeth reached the occlusal level. After daily injections of HEBP for 3 days, there was a permanent reduction in root length and dento-alveolar ankylosis developed in the furcation area. CONCLUSION: (1) A single or three injections of HEBP changed the formation of acellular cementum to that of an atypical hyperplastic cementum which increased the resorption risk at this site. (2) The ultimate tensile strength was markedly reduced in teeth lacking acellular cementum.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

The influence of traumatic intrusion of primary teeth on their permanent successors. A radiographic and histologic study in monkeys.

Intrusion of maxillary central primary incisors was performed in 18 green vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) with the purpose of studying early and late histologic changes in odontogenesis of permanent tooth germs and the effect of treatment of primary tooth injury. Immediate changes were studied in five monkeys where both maxillary central primary incisors were intruded. The monkeys were sacrificed 10-15 min after intrusion. The immediate changes in the permanent tooth germ consisted of contusion and displacement of the reduced enamel epithelium and slight displacement of the hard dental tissue in relation to the cervical loop, or Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. Late changes and effect of treatment were studied in 13 monkeys where both maxillary central incisors were intruded. One central primary incisor was removed 1 hour after intrusion while the other incisor was allowed to remain in the jaw. The monkeys were sacrificed 6 weeks after injury and the anterior portion of the maxilla was examined histometrically. The late changes consisted of metaplasia of the reduced enamel epithelium into a stratified squamous epithelium and, in most cases, changes in morphology of the dentin and enamel matrices. On the side where the injured tooth was preserved, significantly larger areas of epithelial metaplasia of the reduced enamel epithelium were present compared with the extraction side. Changes in morphology of the enamel matrix and dentin were found with the same frequency in the two groups, but tended to be less severe in the extraction group. It is concluded that more studies are needed on the effect of metaplasia of the reduced enamel epithelium on complete mineralization of the enamel before an optimal treatment of intruded primary incisors can be determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Dietary shifts may explain the incidence of periodontitis in industrialized countries.

A new hypothesis for the etiology of periodontal disease is presented. We suggest that the formation of calcifying dental plaque, together with an established gingival sulcus, leads to circumstances which favor the growth of pathogenic microbes associated with the destruction of the periodontium. We assume that, in ancient humans, this problem was avoided by the nonexistence of sulci around the teeth. Such a situation may have resulted from the usage of a hard and gritty diet which caused occlusal attrition compensated by tooth eruption. Unfortunately, in modern humans, sulcus formation is normal. However, only a part of the population in industrialized countries has hard, calcifying dental plaque any more. Soft plaque may be associated with the lower calcium content of the modern diet. The impetus behind the introduction of this alternative hypothesis now is our fear that routine treatment of this disease by antibiotics will lead into an insoluble dilemma.

Calcium↗
PubMed2003

Posttraumatic impaction of both maxillary central incisors.

Dental impactions are one of the problems orthodontists see that will usually require surgery along with orthodontic treatment. In most cases, a single tooth is impacted, and a single surgical procedure is performed. We present a case of posttraumatic bilateral impaction of both maxillary central incisors with complete inversion after combined 2-step surgery and orthodontic treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1992

The effects of infraocclusion: Part 1. Tilting of the adjacent teeth and local space loss.

The normal arrangement of the transseptal fibers in the dentition is one of a completely horizontal system that links the mesial and the distal aspects of each tooth within the dental arch, from the most distal tooth of one side to the most distal tooth of the other, across the midline. This continuous fiber band is parallel to the occlusal plane, being attached to each tooth coronal to the level of the interradicular alveolar bone crest and apical to the cementoenamel junction. Alteration of the occlusal plane will be mirrored by a similar change in the plane of the transseptal fiber system. From the clinical observation of young people with infraoccluded deciduous teeth, over many years, the regular and concomittant occurrence of certain other, well-defined phenomena appears to be the rule. It was thought that these phenomena could be explained in terms of the inclusion of a vertical component (infraocclusion) into this horizontal system. Two of these phenomena are discussed here. The first and most obvious of these relates to the exaggerated tipping that affects the adjacent tooth mesially and distally. The second parameter measures the amount of actual horizontal (mesiodistal) space change that occurs locally, within the dental arch, between the two teeth adjacent to the infraoccluded tooth, measured at both the occlusal level and at the level of their root apices. With a high degree of statistical validity, it was found that infraocclusion is related to severe tilting of the two adjacent teeth toward the affected tooth, with minimal space loss in the dental arch at the occlusal level, but a wide separation of root apices.

Ankylosis↗
PubMed1992

The effects of infraocclusion: Part 3. Dental arch length and the midline.

The third and final article in this series examines the effect of infraocclusion on the midline of the mandibular dental arch. From clinical observation, a shift in the dental midline to the side affected by infraocclusion seemed very common, and this could be explained within the terms of the hypothesis proposed in the first article. A method was devised on a panoramic radiograph to define and to distinguish the anatomic (skeletal) midline and the dental midline. This confirmed the existence of a dental shift to the affected side. The hemiarch length of each side was measured on the film, from the distal of the second deciduous molar/second premolar to both constructed midlines, and was found to be longer on the affected side, confirming an abnormally distal position of the first molar on that side.

Ankylosis↗