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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The effect of a combination of timolol, hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride on 24 hour blood pressure control using ambulatory intra-arterial monitoring.

1 The effectiveness of fixed combination tablets of timolol 10 mg, hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg and amiloride 2.5 mg (Moducren) once daily in the control of blood pressure has been assessed in fully ambulant hypertensives by the technique of continuous intra-arterial recording. Highly significant blood pressure reduction (P less than 0.001) was obtained consistently throughout the whole day, confirming the potency and usefulness of the preparation for those patients who need more than one drug to control their blood pressure. 2 Blood pressure responses to both isometric and dynamic forms of exercise were also significantly lowered by combination therapy. 3 The addition of a diuretic to a beta-adrenoceptor blocker appears to be an advantage if the aim of treatment in hypertension is 24 h blood pressure control.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Control of blood pressure and reduction of echocardiographically assessed left ventricular mass with one-daily timolol.

1 Ten untreated hypertensive patients underwent 24 h continuous intra-arterial ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure (BP) and M-mode echocardiography. 2 They were treated with once-daily timolol and followed up at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks when dosage was titrated against BP control (indirect measurement) and degree of beta-adrenoceptor antagonism (submaximal bicycle ergometry and sub-lingual GTN). 3 Sixteen weeks after commencing therapy, nine patients underwent repeat continuous ambulatory monitoring of BP and M-mode echocardiography. 4 Casual BP was significantly reduced during the follow-up period at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. 5 A reduction of BP was seen throughout the 24 h although this did not achieve statistical significance when sympathetic activity was low. 6 Echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular mass was significantly reduced after 16 weeks treatment.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1987

Therapeutic response interactions between timolol maleate and dipivefrin hydrochloride.

Twenty-one patients on long-term treatment with topical timolol maleate and dipivefrin hydrochloride were studied to assess the effect of each agent when used in combined therapy. The two agents are partially additive in most patients, but the relative contribution of each agent varies widely in individual patients and in separate diagnostic categories.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Timolol side effects and inadvertent overdosing.

The case reports demonstrate that significant and potentially dangerous side effects from timolol maleate occur as a result of inadvertent overdosing. Because many glaucoma patients are elderly and vision is frequently impaired, overdosing may be the mechanism of side effects in many patients especially the elderly. A simple dropper that would withdraw only one drop and deliver the same would resolve this problem.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Gi-mediated muscarinic adenylyl cyclase inhibition in timolol-treated stunned porcine myocardium.

The Gi-mediated muscarinic receptor-adenylyl cyclase system was examined in stunned myocardium induced by either three or five brief ischaemic periods after beta-adrenoceptor blockade by timolol (0.1 mg kg-1). The mid-left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 2, 10 and 2 min in four pigs, and for 2, 2, 5, 10 and 2 min in four other pigs. All the ischaemic periods were separated by 30 min of reperfusion and the biopsies were obtained 60 min after the last ischaemic period. Segment length function was measured in the ischaemic region and in the control region supplied by the left circumflex artery. In the two groups, the percentage systolic shortening was reduced equally, to 59 +/- 9 and 58 +/- 10% of control in the region subjected to ischaemia and only minimally in the control region. The biopsies from the stunned region from both groups showed: (1) no change in either the affinity for carbachol or the number of binding sites of the muscarinic receptors; (2) no alterations in messenger RNA encoding for the alpha subunit-2 of the inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein, as demonstrated by northern blot and solution hybridization; (3) no change in membrane-bound inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein, as shown by enzyme immunoassay utilizing a specific anti-peptide antibody, and (4) unchanged inhibition of stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity. These results suggest that there is an intact inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein-mediated muscarinic receptor adenylyl cyclase system in the stunned porcine myocardium.

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1979

Timolol transitory manifestations of dry eyes in long term treatment.

In 64 patients treated with timolol eye drops (0.25% and 0.50%) seven patients developed transitory sensation of dry eyes. Two of these subjects also had xerostomia. Conjunctival and corneal defects were disclosed simultaneously with rose bengal staining. Morphologically, some of these lesions might have the same appearance as of the early stages of kerato-conjunctivitis sicca. A reduction of Schirmer test and break-up time was noted. The duration of symptoms ranged from 3 to 13 days. The mean time of treatment at the début of symptoms was 30 weeks (range 23--43 weeks). A pathogenesis of these seemingly harmless findings is at the present obscure. In none of our patients was the treatment discontinued and the symptoms did not reappear.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A diurnal study of the ocular hypotensive effect of metoprolol mounted on ophthalmic rods compared to timolol eye drops in glaucoma patients.

In a cross-over study the diurnal effects of metoprolol 0.22 mg mounted on ophthalmic rods and timolol eye drops (0.5%) was compared with respect to intraocular pressure, heart rate and blood pressure. Eleven glaucoma patients, 56-80 years old, were treated. No significant difference in ocular hypotensive action was disclosed between these two agents. The median or mean percentage hypotensive effect of both agents did not exceed 26%. The maximum pressure reduction occurred during the first 4 h after treatment. Both agents appeared to influence the heart rate and mean arterial pressure 1-4 h after ocular application. The administration of 0.22 mg metoprolol on ophthalmic rods produces seemingly a similar effect on intraocular pressure, blood pressure and heart rate as one eye drop of 3% metoprolol.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Primary argon laser trabeculoplasty after pretreatment with timolol. A safe and economic therapy of early glaucoma.

In the treatment of glaucoma there are advantages and disadvantages associated with both medical, surgical and laser therapy. Early pressure rise has been found to be the main complication after laser treatment. In the present study primary argon laser trabeculoplasty (PALT) was carried out in 180 degrees of the trabecular meshwork with an effect of 0.4-0.6 W, after instillation of one drop of timolol 0.5%. Among our 27 newly diagnosed glaucoma patients no pressure rise or iritic reaction was detected. More than 50% of the patients were still managed with an intraocular pressure below 21 mmHg without medical or surgical treatment after 2 years. In addition to being virtually without side-effects this treatment modality is time saving and cost effective, and a great part of the patients may avoid medical therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Occurrence of disc haemorrhages in open-angle glaucoma treated with pilocarpine or timolol.

1573 examinations were performed on 397 eyes. hh was found in 55 eyes--thromboses included--at 91 examinations. Part of this material qualified for use in a comparative study with pilocarpine in 81 eyes and timolol in 82 eyes. The relative frequency of hh in the treated groups and in the pretreatment group was not significantly different from that of the whole material. No indication of pressure reduction with effect on the occurrence of hh could be detected. The average probability of hh at an examination chosen at random was 6 per cent in this material of ordinary simple and capsular glaucoma cases. The occurrence of haemorrhages in relation to age, sex, general hypertension and diabetes are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

A noninvasive tonometer in the measurement of the effects of pindolol and timolol on intraocular pressure in normal subjects.

A noncontact tonometer was used to demonstrate in normal human volunteers the ocular hypotensive effects of single instillations of pindolol (1%) and timolol (0.25 and 0.5%) eye drops. Falls in intraocular pressure were significantly correlated with resting intraocular pressure. Evidence of systemic cardiovascular effects was seen in reductions in resting heart rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Effects of long-term treatment with timolol on lacrimal gland function.

Thirty-two patients with raised intraocular pressure were treated for 1 year with topical timolol 0.5% twice daily. There was satisfactory pressure reduction on this drug alone in 25 patients. The tear flow (modified Schirmer I test) was measured, and the tear lysozyme concentration was assayed before, and at 3, 6, and 12 months after beginning treatment. No subjective symptoms occurred and no side effects were recorded. The tear flow and tear lysozyme concentration were not significantly reduced.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of pindolol on intraocular pressure in glaucoma: pilot study and a randomised comparison with timolol.

A pilot study on 10 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed glaucoma and a randomised double-blind study on 18 patients with glaucoma were carried out to investigate the effect of pindolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, on the intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma. The studies showed that pindolol may reduce the IOP and that no significant difference between the effect of timolol 0.5% and of pindolol 0.25% could be demonstrated. The serum concentration of pindolol was measured in 9 of the patients, but none had measurable serum levels.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

A blind randomised cross-over trial comparing metipranolol 0.3% with timolol 0.25% in open-angle glaucoma: a pilot study.

A blind randomised cross-over study was conducted on 10 patients (20 eyes) to compare the effect in patients with open-angle glaucoma of metipranolol 0.3% with that of timolol 0.25% on intraocular pressure following one month's topical instillation with each preparation alone. There was no statistically significant difference in intraocular pressure reduction between these two preparations, and the ocular tolerance of both was good. There was no significant difference in the blood pressure, pulse, or pupil diameters of patients receiving either preparation.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Ocular and cardiovascular response to topical carteolol 2% and timolol 0.5% in healthy volunteers.

Ocular and cardiovascular effects of carteolol 2%, timolol 0.5%, and dummy eyedrops have been measured in a single dose double-blind crossover study in six healthy volunteers. Both drugs lowered intraocular pressure and reduced exercise-induced tachycardia. Neither produced a significant change in resting heart rate or blood pressure. The two agents appear comparable as regards ocular hypotensive and cardiovascular effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Ocular reaction to timolol maleate.

A patient prescribed timolol maleate for the control of hypertension developed dryness of the eyes. The symptoms improved on withdrawal of the drug. Vigilance for such adverse reactions must be observed in the use of any beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Timolol plus acetazolamide: effect on formation of cerebrospinal fluid in cats and rats.

Administration iv of 50 mg X kg-1 acetazolamide (A) and 3 mg X kg-1 timolol (T) causes the formation of cerebrospinal fluid (f-CSF) to be reduced to 43.7% of the control rate compared with a reduction to 82.5% of control by T alone and to 52.6% of control by A alone. The effect of combined drugs is the same when A is combined with T initially, when A is added to T after studying T alone, or when T is added to A after studying A alone. In contrast, in rats f-CSF is not influenced by T, either alone or when in combination with A. The rate in rats is reduced to 55% of control by treatments with A or A and T. Decrease in formation of cerebrospinal fluid by A occurs through inhibition of carbonic anhydrase, but the means whereby T (a known blocker of beta-adrenergic receptors) causes a reduction in f-CSF is not established; it is known that it does not inhibit carbonic anhydrase. Control of f-CSF by the sympathetic nervous system is discussed.

Acetazolamide↗