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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Masticatory muscles. Part IV. The masticatory muscles do not work homogeneously].

The temporalis and masseter muscles have a complex architectural design with large attachment areas. As a consequence, each of these muscles is capable of producing a large number of mechanical effects. In addition, within each muscle the muscle fibres and sarcomeres undergo different excursions during jaw movements. This leads to intramuscular differences in the possible excursion range and the capacity to produce force. Depending on the desired motor task, the nervous system is able to vary both the magnitude and direction of muscle force by selective activation of specific muscle portions. The anterior temporalis and the superficial and deep masseter are capable of generating large forces, e.g. during biting and chewing. The posterior temporalis and the anterior and posterior deep masseter are suited to establish a precise adjustment of forces and movements during laterotrusion and protrusion/retrusion.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

[Surgical treatment of myopathic ptosis. Apropos of 20 surgically treated cases].

Twenty cases of severe progressive ophthalmoplegia (Myopathic ptosis) with significant ptosis were treated by various procedures, including levator resection with blepharoplasty or frontalis suspension using temporalis fascia. Surgical indications were generally limited to cases with poor or absent levator function. The results are analysed after an average follow-up of 6 months. The particular problems concerning surgery of myopathic ptosis are discussed.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed1992

[Electrophysiologic investigations in migraine].

This article is a critical review of standard electroencephalography (EEG), brain mapping, evoked potential, and electromyography (EMG) studies carried out in various forms of migraine during and between attacks. With the exception of contingent negative variation, the exteroceptive silent period of the temporalis muscle, and possibly fast activity in response to visual stimuli, which are useful for the differential diagnosis of functional headache, the main value of electrophysiologic studies is to provide insight into the pathophysiology of the disease. Results of the different methods consistently indicate that the brain of migraine patients is characterized by hypersensitivity to some forms of stimuli between attacks and by, often focal, hypoactivity during attacks.

Alpha Rhythm↗
PubMed2006

[Development of a functional mandibular model].

This study was conducted to establish a functional mandibular biomechanical model for use in the follow-up biomechanical study of the integrated and fractured mandible. The integrated and dry human mandible was used, and the corresponding maxilla and cranial base was duplicated by resin and plaster. 2-mm silicon rubber was used for simulation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc. A simulated TMJ and physiological mandibular model was developed by four pairs of muscular loadings (Masseter= 180 N, Temporalis = 190 N, Medial Pterygoideus = 120 N, Lateral Pterygoideus = 40 N) in each muscular center, and the functional loading corresponding with physiological condition was reflected and simulated more realistically when compared with that of the previously reported mandibular models which were developed by occlusion loading or by only one pair of muscles loading. In summary, we have established a functional mandibular model which can be used to analyze the biomechanical behavior in various functional conditions.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in masticatory muscles activity associated with Eagle's syndrome.

AIM: This study had the goal of analyzing masseter and temporalis muscles of individuals with Eagle's Syndrome, establishing comparisons with healthy control individuals by means of electromyography, due to the importance of the masticatory musculature upon the various functions of the stomatognathic system and the effects of Eagle's syndrome on this system's functioning. METHOD: Ten women with Eagle's syndrome and ten healthy controls volunteered to participate in the study. A Myosystem I system, Prosecon Ltda (Uberlândia/MG, Brazil) with 12 channels was used Active differential electrodes were placed on the belly of both masseters and on the anterior temporalis. Firstly, rest position was registered and then the patients were instructed to clench their teeth with maximum strength for four seconds to register the Clenching at Usual Maximum Intercuspation. Next, the clinical conditions of chewing, mandible laterality, and water swallowing were performed. RESULTS: The normalized data of muscle activity during the different clinical conditions and at rest position were compared by Student's t test, considering two groups: controls and syndrome bearers. The masticatory muscles of every syndrome bearers showed hyperactivity during the analyzed clinical conditions; except for chewing, in which the right masseter did not show greater electromyographic activity. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that individuals with the syndrome showed muscular hyperactivity when compared to healthy individuals, due to the interference of the elongated styloid process, which leads to dysfunctions of the stomatognathic system in the syndrome bearers, with signs and symptoms related to craniofacial pain, dysphagia, otalgy, temporomandibular dysfunctions, and headache.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical-experimental study of muscle activity of complete denture wearers with various prostheses before and after equilibration].

The present electromyographic investigations, which were carried out by patients with full dentures should show if the activity-situation of the masticatory muscles would change either using a new full denture without equilibration or using new full dentures with equilibration. Other questions were: Is it possible to classify the patients in such, who prefer the masseter muscles or the temporalis muscles during mastication? Exist a correlation between the preferred masticatory side and an increased activity of the same side masticatory muscles?

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Anatomical study of the infratemporal fossa].

The infratemporal fossa (ITF) is a hidden, subracranial part of the retrofacial region, which is concealed by the mandible. While its definition corresponds to bony relationships, it goes far beyond these. The classical pyramid with a lateral mandibular base and a superomedial apex, the pterygopalatine fossa, actually is a passage for the neurovascular elements it contains. It also is the hidden aspect of the manducatory apparatus, accommodating the pterygoid muscles. Besides these bony limits, the ITF has fasciomuscular boundaries formed posteriorly by the sphenomandibular ligament and the lateral insertion of the styloidian curtain on the angle of the mandible. The anterior limit, under the maxillozygomatic bones, is formed by the pterygomandibular ligament, on which spread the fibers of the buccinator muscle. The inferior limit is only theoretic and corresponds to the lower margin of the mandible. Within these limits, the ITF is connected with the mandible and the lateral manducatory muscles, the parotid gland, the peripharyngeal spaces, the submandibular region. However, it primarily is a passage into the neighboring regions with which it communicates through openings that are either endo- or exocranial, parotid, pharyngeal, nasal, orbital. Thus this fossa is one of the paths of the expansile processes that arise from the neighboring regions and invade it, being guided by the various anatomical openings we have described.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[The alterations of occlusal sounds, jaw opening movement and electromyography depend on occlusal interference].

Before crown prosthetese are set on the prepared teeth, occlusal adjustments are normally necessary. Previous studies suggested that the tolerance of occlusal interference is less than 30 microns and that the occlusal sensibility of tooth must be smaller than 30 microns. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of measuring small amounts of occlusal interference by using the occlusal examinations of occlusal sounds, jaw movement and muscle activity. Fifteen subjects participated in this study. They had healthy oral tissue and TMJ. The occlusal interferences were made from platinum foil (25 microns/layer). For 200 microns thickness, 100 microns thickness and 50 microns thickness, multiple-thickness (8, 4 and 2 layers) platinum foils were used. For 25 microns thickness, simple platinum foil was used. And for 15 microns thickness, rolled platinum foil was used. Each occlusal interference was applied on 3 or 6 of the subject in order from the thickest to the thinnest one. For the measuring of occlusal sounds, accelerometers were attached to the skin of each orbital point. For the measuring of jaw movement, a mandibular kinegiograph K-5R (Mio.tronics Co.) was used. Surface electrodes were used for the measurement of muscle activities of masseteres and anterior tempolar muscles. The measurements were performed regularly after the subjects were instructed to start tooth tapping at the speed of three times a second. The results were as follows. 1. When any occlusal interference was put on 3 or 6, both the peak to peak value of occlusal sounds were reduced and the duration of the sounds were increased compared to cases with normal dentition. The duration of the jaw tooth tapping movement and the peak to peak value of muscle activity for tooth tapping didn't show any tendency of change when occlusal interferences were used. However, the duration of muscle activity preceding the onset occlusal sound indicated increasing. 2. When the amount of occlusal interference was reduced, the peak to peak value of occlusal sounds was increased and the duration shortened. The increased or decreased time of the jaw tooth tapping movement depended on the amount of occlusal interference. 3. These findings suggest that the peak to peak value and the duration of occlusal sounds, the duration of the jaw tooth tapping movement, and the duration of muscle activity preceding the onset occlusal sound are useful data for objective assessments of occlusal contacts.

Auscultation↗
PubMed1989

Facial musculoskeletal asymmetry in hemifacial microsomia.

Computer-assisted medical imaging--transaxial computed tomography (CT) scans and three-dimensional surface reconstructions--was used to study the muscles of mastication and their osseous origins and insertions in 24 patients with untreated unilateral hemifacial microsomia (HFM). The relationship between the volume of a muscle of mastication and the shape and size of its origin and insertion in such patients varies widely. Comparison of mean volumes of specific muscles documents a statistically significant decrease among patients who have moderate to marked mandibular dysmorphology as compared with those with minimally dysmorphic mandibles. This study supports the hypothesis that the shape and size of the mandible are related to the muscles that originate and insert upon it. However, the variation among individual patients means that assumptions regarding muscle mass and, in turn, function cannot be made regarding an individual patient on the basis of osseous dysmorphology that has been demonstrated on skull radiographs alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Regional muscle transposition for rehabilitation of the paralyzed face.

Masseter and temporalis muscle transpositions may be considered in cases of longstanding facial paralysis and in the congenital absence of the facial nerve or muscles. The basic advantage of this technique is the introduction of a large volume of living and dynamic muscle into the face. Additional advantages include simplicity, the support provided, enhancement of the possibility of myoneurotization, and no loss of other significant function. In many instances, facial movement improves for a period of approximately two years, and the long-range effect would suggest some degree of rehabilitation of the facial muscles. Our combined experience with over 100 muscle transpositions indicates the efficacy and success of this technique in selected patients.

Facial Muscles↗
PubMed1980

Number and distribution of muscle spindles in the masticatory muscles of the rat.

The frequency and distribution of muscle spindles in the muscles of mastication of the rat have been studied. The average number of spindles found was 110 in the masseter, 75 in the temporalis and 25 in the medial pterygoid muscle, the spindles being predominantly in the medial parts of these muscles. No muscle spindles were found in the lateral pterygoid or posterior digastric muscle, and only isolated spindles were found in a few of the anterior digastric muscles. These differences between the jaw-closing and the jaw-opening muscles are intriguing and ask for further investigation of the role of the muscle spindles in mastication.

Animals↗