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Results for “Temporal Bone”

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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Pneumolabyrinth as a late sequela of temporal bone fracture.

Pneumolabyrinth, air in the labyrinthine system, is an uncommon entity. We report one case, adding to previous reports of two such cases. The diagnosis was made radiologically, which has become possible only recently with the advent of high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scanners; we suspect it will be used more often in the future. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which pneumolabyrinth has been identified as a delayed sequela of a temporal bone fracture. Furthermore, this is the first description of a pneumolabyrinth occurring in a transverse temporal bone fracture.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Auditory brainstem response and temporal bone pathology findings in a brain-dead infant.

The criteria for assessing adult brain death have been already established, but those for infant brain death have not been yet established in Japan. We report auditory brainstem response (ABR) and postmortem pathology of the temporal bone and brain of a brain-dead 9-month-old female. During the comatose state, her ABR showed only waves I and II bilaterally. Autopsy revealed the presence of a left cerebellar astrocytoma, herniation and anoxic encephalopathy. The pathological examination of the temporal bone revealed the destruction of the inner ear particularly on the left side. In the auditory pathway of brain-dead patients, degeneration occurs first in the cerebrum, followed by the cochlear nerve. Thus, ABR is one of the useful means to assess brain death even in infants.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed2005

In vitro assessment of image-guided otologic surgery: submillimeter accuracy within the region of the temporal bone.

OBJECTIVES: Application of image-guided surgery to otology has been limited by the need for submillimeter accuracy via a fiducial system that is easily usable (noninvasive and nonobstructive). METHODS: A dental bite-block was fitted with a rigid frame with 7 fiducial markers surrounding each external ear. The temporal bones of 3 cadaveric skulls were removed and replaced with surgical targets arranged in a bull's-eye pattern about the centroid of each temporal bone. The surgical targets were identified both within CT scans and in physical space using an infrared optical tracking system. The difference between positions in CT space versus physical space was calculated as target registration error. RESULTS: A total of 234 independent target registration errors were calculated. Mean +/- standard deviation = 0.73 mm +/- 0.25 mm. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that image-guided otologic surgery with submillimeter accuracy is achievable with a minimally invasive fiducial frame. Significance In vivo validation of the system is ongoing. With such validation, this system may facilitate clinically applicable image-guided otologic surgery. EBM RATING: A.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Chondroblastoma of temporal bone.

The case of a 55-year-old female with chondroblastoma arising from the left temporal bone is presented. Although 10 cases of temporal chondroblastoma have been reported, this is the first in which plain radiography, pluridirectional tomography, computed tomography (CT) and angiography were performed. We discuss the clinical and radiological aspects of this rare tumor.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome). Temporal bone findings and otolaryngological manifestations.

Familial dysautonomia, or Riley-Day syndrome, is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion and occurs almost exclusively in Jewish families. This disorder is characterized by a smooth tongue devoid of fungiform papillae and of taste buds, and is clinically associated with poor taste discrimination. An unsteady gait and dizziness on change in position are also common presenting symptoms. This study reports the histopathological findings of eight temporal bones from four patients with documented familial dysautonomia. For the control series, 13 normal temporal bones were also studied. The most striking finding in the dysautonomic patients was an extreme paucity of geniculate ganglion cells (P less than 0.001). A statistically significant reduction in the number of neurons was also found both in the superior and in the inferior divisions of the vestibular nerve (P less than 0.001). The paucity of the geniculate ganglion cells correlates well with the impairment of the taste in dysautonomic individuals, since the afferent fibers leaving taste buds of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue run via the chorda tympani and have their cell bodies in the geniculate ganglion. Furthermore, the reduction in the number of Scarpa's ganglion cells observed in the dysautonomic patients studied here could account for a poor response to caloric test, positional vertigo and an unsteady gait in this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The microwave oven in temporal bone research.

The microwave oven has recently been introduced in morphological research. It can be used for virtually all procedures in histological processing; fixation, dehydration, embedding, staining, immunotechniques, and the techniques used for electron microscopy. Here we report that the microwave oven histoprocedures also have several advantages in temporal bone research on animals. The microwave oven has been tested for (i) fixation, (ii) decalcification, (ii) staining of semithin plastic sections. The microwave oven procedures are time-saving and results in an excellent preservation of the tissues. The microwave histoprocessing should also be applicable to temporal bone research in human.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Hemangioendothelioma of the temporal bone in a child.

Hemangioendothelioma is a vascular tumor of endothelial cell origin. It may involve bone or soft tissues and can behave like a benign or a malignant tumor. In the literature there are several case reports on the involvement of the head and neck region, but only three cases of temporal bone involvement, all of them in adults. A 3-year-old child, complaining of left retro-auricular swelling and tenderness, was found to be suffering from hemangioendothelioma of the temporal bone. Doppler ultrasound and CT scan showed a highly vascular mass with bone destruction. Wide surgical excision was recommended, but rejected by the parents, nor did they agree to treatment with alpha-interferon. The child did not return for any further treatment.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

Osteoradionecrosis of the temporal bone in nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy: a case report.

Osteoradionecrosis of the temporal bone after external-beam radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is not uncommon following a long posttreatment interval. We describe the case of a man who had experienced this complication 13 years after he had undergone such radiotherapy. His condition resolved after removal of dead bone from the external auditory canal, followed by antibiotic therapy and periodic aural toileting.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Correlation of high resolution computed tomography and gross anatomic sections of the temporal bone. Part III. Cochlear and vestibular aqueducts.

Gross anatomic sections of isolated temporal bones (TB) were compared with high resolution computed tomography (CT) scans obtained utilizing contiguous 1.5-mm thick slices in the transaxial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Each TB was then sectioned at 2.0-mm intervals in planes parallel to those of the CT scans. Both the cochlear and vestibular aqueducts were best visualized in the coronal plane; the transaxial plane proved less reliable and the sagittal plane was not useful at all. The cochlear aqueduct in the coronal plane appears as a funnel-shaped configuration with its widest portion opening into the subarachnoid space. The vestibular aqueduct at its opening into the epidural space is well visualized in the coronal plane, and as it traverses the bone toward the vestibule it appears as an oval to spherical lucency, whereas in transaxial sections it is seen as a small longitudinal lucency.

Cochlea↗
PubMed2004

Temporal bone histopathology in alport syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the histopathologic abnormalities within the cochlea in Alport syndrome. BACKGROUND: Alport syndrome, which manifests as hereditary nephritis and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), is caused by mutations in genes that code for the proportional, variant3, proportional, variant4, and proportional, variant5 chains of type IV collagen. The proportional, variant3, proportional, variant4, and proportional, variant5 chains of type IV collagen are present in the basement membrane of the organ of Corti. Previous temporal bone studies have failed to identify histopathologic correlates for the SNHL. METHODS: We examined temporal bones from nine individuals with a clinical diagnosis of Alport syndrome. One of our cases also had genetic testing that showed a mutation in the type IV collagen proportional, variant5 chain gene. RESULTS: By light microscopy, eight of nine cases demonstrated two unique pathologic changes: 1) a "zone of separation" between the basilar membrane and overlying cells of the organ of Corti and 2) presence of cells filling the tunnel of Corti and extracellular spaces of Nuel. The cytologic losses of hair cells, stria vascularis, and cochlear neuronal cells were insufficient to account for the observed SNHL in our cases. Electron microscopy was performed in four cases; all four demonstrated the following: 1) the zone of separation that was observed at light microscopy occurred between the basement membrane and the basilar membrane, 2) the cells within the tunnel of Corti and spaces of Nuel were morphologically similar to supporting cells, and 3) the basement membrane of strial capillaries and the spiral vessel (under the basilar membrane) were normal. CONCLUSIONS: The histopathologic correlates of cochlear involvement in Alport syndrome are abnormalities of the basement membrane of cells of the organ of Corti and dysmorphogenesis (cellular infilling of the tunnel and extracellular spaces) of the organ of Corti. We hypothesize that these abnormalities result in SNHL by altering cochlear micromechanics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[A three-dimensional reconstruction of the temporal bone by the helical scanning CT and its clinical application].

The current availability of 3 dimensional (3-D) imaging from Computed Tomography (CT) has yielded new anatomical information and pre-and postoperative evaluations. However, little discussion as to the 3-D structural image of the temporal bone has been reported because conventional CT does provide sufficient data to produce such images. The Helical scanning CT gathers continuous and multiple slice image data since it consists of an X-ray tube that continuously rotates around the patient while the patient moves continuously into the CT scanner. Thus, application of the Helical scanning CT has made it possible to reconstruct 3-D images of the minute and complicated structure of the temporal bone. We evaluated 3-D images from 9 typical cases, examined from February to October 1992. As a result, we found that the 3-D images reconstructed with this system are useful for evaluation of the postoperative state of tympanoplasty, the diagnosis of anomalies of the bony labyrinth, and examining the extent of bone destruction induced by trauma, cholesteatoma, etc.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A comparison between area and volume measurements of the mastoid air spaces in normal temporal bones.

In a study of 26 normal cadaveric temporal bones, a significant correlation was found between the area of the mastoid air spaces assessed from a conventional lateral radiograph and the mastoid volume as determined using high resolution computed tomography. The relationship, which was found to be linear, is of the form V = 0.82 A + 0.13. The correlation coefficient is 0.95 with a residual standard deviation about the regression of 1.14 cm3. It is apparent, therefore, that an accurate assessment of the mastoid air space volume can be obtained by means of a simple and routinely requested investigation, i.e. the 35 degree lateral oblique radiograph.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Histiocytosis X of the ear and temporal bone: review of 22 cases.

Histiocytosis X encompasses three syndromes characterized by the idiopathic proliferation of histiocytes: eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome, and Letterer-Siwe disease. At the Mayo Clinic between 1926 and 1978, 22 patients with histiocytosis X had involvement of the ear or temporal bone. These patients comprised 15% of all patients with histiocytosis X seen during that period. The ages at onset of the disease ranged from 2 months to 49 years. The most frequent otologic symptom was aural discharge (15 patients), followed in frequency by swelling in the temporal region (11 patients), vertigo (6 patients), and deafness (5 patients). Clinical findings included otitis media (13 patients), otitis externa with or without granulation tissue (10 patients), and osteolytic lesions of the temporal bone (9 patients). A high index of suspicion is required to recognize the otologic manifestations of histiocytosis X for two reasons: the systemic manifestations of the disease are often so dramatic that the ear findings are overlooked, and the otologic findings of histiocytosis X can mimic more common diseases, including simple otitis externa, aural polyps, acute mastoiditis, chronic otitis media, and metastatic lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Radiation induced carcinoma of the temporal bone.

This report presents a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone induced by high dose radiation therapy. Several important surgical techniques are stressed which serve to make this procedure far safer in the avoidance of catastrophic hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A rare cause of multiple lacunae of the cranial vault and temporal bone in adults: histiocytosis X].

Histiocytosis X is an uncommon disease. Temporal bone involvement is a frequent head and neck manifestation. Most patients are under fifteen years of age. The authors report a case of a bilateral extensive temporal involvement complicated with vertigo and peripheric facial palsy. CT plays a dominant role in the diagnosis because of the ability to identify bone destruction, soft tissue involvement and intra-cranial histiocytosis more accurately.

Facial Paralysis↗
PubMed2003

Computed tomography imaging of the temporal bone--normal anatomy.

This review describes the fundamental anatomical structures of the temporal bone as depicted on high-resolution computed tomography, and the clinical significance of these structures. It is not an encyclopaedic atlas, but provides the junior radiology/otorhinolaryngology resident with sufficient knowledge for interpretation of most of the imaging studies encountered in daily clinical practice.

Ear Canal↗