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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

A test for the screening of taste function.

The overall aim of the present study was to investigate a new method for the screening of taste function in a clinical context. Instead of dripping liquids onto the tongue, thin edible wavers were used. One-hundred healthy subjects participated in the study (41 male, 59 female; mean age: 52 years; age range: 20-89 years). Supra-threshold taste stimuli were presented as flavoured wavers made from flour and water. Sequential testing was performed regionally on the anterior one-third of the tongue and as whole mouth testing. When comparing ratings for the 5 different wavers separately for regional and whole mouth testing, differences between qualities only emerged for regional testing. Women were found to have less difficulty in taste identification which was most pronounced for regional testing. No effects of the subjects' age were observed. In conclusion, the wavers were found to be easy to use; they have a shelf-life of 2 to 3 years and can be carried in the pocket. The results indicate that the wavers may be suited for the screening of gustatory function, especially in a clinical setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Unilateral gustatory disturbance by pontine infarction].

We reported a case of pontine infarction presenting as diminished taste on the contralateral side. A 67-year-old man was hospitalized with a sudden onset of right hypogeusia. No neurological abnormalities were found except diminished taste in the areas innervated by the chorda tympani, greater petrosal and glossopharyngeal nerves on the right side. Brain MRI demonstrated a lesion with low-intensity on T1-weighted images and high-intensity on T2-weighted images in the left suprapontine tegmentum. Cases of pontine disease presenting as contralateral dysgeusia have rarely been reported. In the present case, we considered that infarction occurred superior to the pontine taste are (PTA). It is suggested that the gustatory pathway superior to PTA takes a chiasmal tract ascending in the brainstem.

Cerebral Infarction↗
PubMed1998

The effectiveness and side effects of 0.1% and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinses: a clinical study.

OBJECTIVE: The study compared two commercial chlorhexidine mouthrinses (Chlorhexamed 0.1% and Corsodyl 0.2%) for their effects on dental plaque and gingival inflammation, their side effects (eg, tooth staining and mucosal irritation), and patient acceptance. METHOD AND MATERIALS: One hundred thirty healthy volunteers were randomly distributed into two groups of 65 each. Each volunteer had gingivitis or chronic marginal periodontitis and used the rinse two times a day for 4 weeks. The sulcular bleeding index, approximal plaque index, gingival index, and a discoloration index were taken at baseline and once a week thereafter. The patients were questioned about taste disturbances, mucosal irritation, and their perception of the taste of the mouthrinse. RESULTS: In both groups, after 4 weeks, the mean sulcular bleeding index, approximal plaque index, and gingival index scores had decreased significantly. The discoloration index had increased significantly in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the two mouthrinses in any of these measurements. There were no significant differences in side effects reported by the two groups. CONCLUSION: The increase in concentration of chlorhexidine provided no clinical advantages or disadvantages.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A multicenter, investigator-blinded, randomized comparison of oral levofloxacin and oral clarithromycin in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis.

A multicenter, investigator-blinded, randomized, parallel-group study was conducted to compare oral levofloxacin 500 mg once/day for 14 days with clarithromycin 500 mg twice/day for 14 days in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. Of 216 adult outpatients randomized to treatment, 190 were evaluable for efficacy. The primary efficacy measure was clinical response, based on resolution of signs and symptoms 2-5 days after therapy. A secondary efficacy measure was relapse rate 1 month after therapy. Among evaluable patients, clinical success rates (cured or improved) were 96.0% and 93.3% for levofloxacin (L) and clarithromycin (C), respectively (95% CI -9.2%, 3.7%). The confidence interval (CI) for treatment difference (C-L) included zero and its upper limit was less than 15%, indicating that levofloxacin was as effective as clarithromycin. In all, 4.1% of patients receiving levofloxacin and 7.2% receiving clarithromycin had a relapse of symptoms 1 month after therapy (95% CI-12.2%, 3.2%). Long-term success (initial success, absence of relapse at 1 month, no further antibacterial therapy 2-5 days after therapy) was 79.2% in the levofloxacin group and 76.4% in the clarithromycin group (95% CI -14.7%, 9.0%). Based on investigator-assessed treatment-emergent adverse events, overall tolerability of the drugs was similar, except for a higher frequency of taste perversion and diarrhea in the clarithromycin group. Levofloxacin had an advantage over clarithromycin based on two quality-of-life (QOL) parameters: number of times taking other drugs for targeted medical conditions and mean total cost of these drugs. No statistical significance was found in other QOL variables. These findings suggest that the efficacy and tolerability of levofloxacin 500 mg once/day are comparable with those of clarithromycin 500 mg twice/day in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1990

Design issues in chemosensory trials.

Randomized clinical trials in taste and smell disorders have been infrequent, in part because of difficulties in both the design and the conduct of such trials. Hyposmia and hypogeusia, impairments of smell and taste, respectively, have a variety of causes, such as upper respiratory infection, head trauma, or laryngectomy. Once definitive diagnosis is established, eligibility and exclusion criteria may relate to etiology. Since the sense of smell is more acute at younger ages and since women can generally identify odors more accurately than men, either prestratification or poststratification should be considered. A control or comparison group is essential because, occasionally, chemosenses spontaneously return to normal. Patient recruitment may be difficult, depending to a large extent on self-referrals, with the exception of head injury cases. To enroll an adequate number of patients in a reasonable length of time usually requires participation of multiple clinical centers. Objective measurements of taste and smell must be reliably obtained before and after intervention. Design issues specific to chemosensory trials are discussed in the context of an example, a factorial design trial of surgery and steroids in patients with olfactory defects.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Otoneurological symptomatology in tumors of the hypophysis with marked extrasellar growth].

Otoneurological examination with the use of modern methods (electronystagmography, electrogustometry, supraliminal cupulometry, audiometry) showed that some type of disorders are encountered in 100% of cases of tumors of the hypophysis with marked extrasellar growth (vestibular disorders in 94% of cases, disturbed sensitivity in the nasal cavity in 55%, disorders of hearing and the sense of taste in 18%, disorders of the sense of smell in 17%). The otoneurological symptoms yield additional information on the direction of the tumor growth and, what is most important, on the degree of its effect on the brain stem parts of the diencephalic and posterior cranial level and on the subcortical structures. The otoneurological data allow judgement of the degree of compensation and extent of involvement of the stem parts of the brain and the subcortical structures. In parasellar growth of the tumor which caused an effect on the sympathetic plexus of the internal carotid artery the authors revealed distinct asymmetry of vegetovascular innervation of the nasal mucosa by means of their modification of Muk's test.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

Spontaneous resolution of dysgeusia.

BACKGROUND: Dysgeusia, distortion of taste perception, is a debilitating disorder that affects thousands of Americans. Presently, most forms of dysgeusia are considered to be untreatable, and no data are available for counseling patients on the probability of recovery. OBJECTIVE: To examine the probability of resolution of symptoms among patients with dysgeusia who were evaluated at the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center, Philadelphia, from January 1989 to December 1994. DESIGN: In this retrospective study, 117 patients with primary complaints of dysgeusia were initially identified from a population of 429 patients with smell and taste disorders who were seen during this period. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-eight patients agreed to participate. Each patient completed a telephone interview and a questionnaire that contained a dysgeusia severity rating scale, medical health questions, and the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS: Two thirds of the patients experienced spontaneous resolution of the dysgeusia, with the average duration being 10 months. A distinct relationship between the resolution of dysgeusia and depression was identified. CONCLUSION: These findings, along with the evidence that some dysgeusias are treatable, bode well for a disorder that was heretofore considered by many physicians as unrelenting.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Reliability of the AccuSens Taste Kit(c) in patients with eating disorders.

Zinc deficiency is a putative risk factor for anorexia nervosa (AN). Detecting zinc deficiency may therefore be important in treatment. However, serum zinc is not a good measure of total body zinc. An alternative test for zinc deficiency is taste testing because zinc deficiency is known to impair taste (dysgeusia). To determine whether taste testing could be used in this way, we measured the reliability of the only commercially available taste test in 16 patients with eating disorders. The results were analyzed graphically and with the kappa statistic (K). The taste test was found to be unreliable and should not be used to determine zinc status.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Hearing loss, disorders of sound localization with the preservation ofsmell and taste in diabetics].

Diabetes is often complicated by serious medical conditions which could be related to the development of auditory system and cranial nerves lesions, disorder of sound localisation and decreased olfactory and taste ability. Cranial nerve palsies in diabetes are considered as an integral part of the main disease. Twenty nine children with diabetes and non-diabetics control group, without a history of exposure to noise, ototoxic drugs, or ear disease aged 4-19 years old were examined. Hearing impairment may be present in children with disease duration above 3-5 years and in children with other complications. Sound localisation tests were performed by the method of Zakrzewski from a free auditory field, measuring the angle of directional hearing acuity in 35 diabetics age from 16 to 78 years. Longer duration of diabetes was associated with higher directional hearing acuity. Higher hearing loss was observed with higher directional values in diabetics. The authors investigated smell and taste in 35 diabetics. All patients were treated with insulin. Impairment value of smell identification thresholds was much more frequent than impairment of smell perception. In no case raised threshold of taste perception.

Adolescent↗