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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Effect of packing pressure on the abrasion resistance of dental amalgams.

Three dental amalgams were investigated to determine if their abrasion resistance was significantly affected by different packing pressures. Abrasive wear tests were performed on a machine designed to test materials under conditions similar to masticatory function. The results show that the abrasion resistance of the amalgams is unaffected by the packing pressure.

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed1976

Wear of dental tissues and materials.

Wear may result from physiological or pathological conditions and may be desirable, as in the reduction of an overcontoured restoration, or undesirable as in the production of cervical abrasion cavities. A variety of methods, including clinical testing, the use of wear machines and the measurement of related properties such as hardness or coefficient of friction have been used to investigate wear of tooth tissue and of dental materials. Because these methods may not reveal the nature of the wear process recent work has been directed to the study of surface failure resulting from a single sliding contact. Many clinical studies have been conducted but they are time consuming and difficult to quantify, nor do they allow of evaluation of different parameters contributing to the wear. Laboratory simulation of wear has been shown to be valuable in comparing materials of the same group but between-group comparisons may give anomalous results. The most rewarding studies have been those using a single or small number of passes of a suitable abrading point over the material since these permit determination of the actual process by which wear is produced.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1999

Effect of taphonomic processes on dental microwear.

Taphonomic processes have the potential to affect microscopic wear on teeth and to modify the wear patterns so as to confound dietary reconstructions based on dental microwear which was formed during the lifetime of an animal. This study describes a series of experiments which were conducted to simulate various taphonomic agents and to record their effect on dental microwear. Three types of experiment were carried out in order to explain anomalous microscopic wear that had been found on the dentition of several hominoid specimens from the 15 M.a. site of Pasalar in Turkey. The effect of two different acids-citric and hydrochloric acid-on dental microwear was investigated. Modification to microscopic wear caused by alkali (carbonatite ash) was examined in the second set of experiments. Lastly, the effect of abrasion by three different size classes of sediment from the site of Pasalar-quartz pebbles (grain size varied from 2,000-11,000 microm), coarse sand (grain size ranged from 500-1,000 microm), and medium-sized sand (grain diameters were between 250 and 500 microm)-was investigated. Results confirm previous findings that the taphonomic modification of dental microwear is readily identifiable and causes the obliteration rather than secondary alteration of microwear features. The experiments show that both citric and hydrochloric acid affect dental microwear but to varying degrees, whereas alkali did not cause any modification of microscopic features. The different size classes of sediment also had different effects on the dental microwear. The largest size sediment (quartz pebbles) polished the enamel and removed finer microwear features. The coarse sand, however, did not have any effect on the microwear. The greatest amount of abrasion was caused by the smallest sediment particles -the medium-sized sand. Several hominoid dental specimens from Pasalar display similar microscopic wear to the two types of acid erosion and the abrasion caused by the medium-sized sands.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Abrasion of human enamel by brushing with a commercial dentifrice containing hydroxyapatite crystals in vitro.

Automatic toothbrushing with a commercial dentifrice containing hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals was performed on the tangential polished surfaces of sound human enamel, mainly consisting of biological apatite similar to HAP, for 10 min in vitro. The X-ray diffraction peaks of HAP, brushite (DCPD), and monetite (DCP) crystals were detected from the dentifrice. After brushing, the enamel surfaces were observed with a scanning electron and a confocal scanning laser microscope. The brushing caused larger abrasive loss and more remarkable roughness of the enamel surfaces following the broad traces of brush bristles and the exposure of prism structures than brushing with a dentifrice containing only DCPD, which we previously reported. We claim that the fine granular-shaped HAP crystals of the dentifrice indicated as an active ingredient for preventing enamel caries possess stronger abrasivity of sound enamel than the DCPD and DCP as abrasives on account of their Mohs hardness values rather than sizes and shapes. The HAP crystals of dentifrices may not occlude the small defects of early caries enamel, but erode them more strongly as an abrasive than the other abrasives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

In vitro human enamel wear by a hydrated high-alkali porcelain.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the hydration of a high-alkali dental porcelain (Ducera LFC) and its relative abrasive wear against human enamel. The hypothesis is that the composition of the porcelain (LFC) will form a softer, hydrated layer in artificial saliva, which will reduce wear against enamel relative to other dental porcelains. METHOD AND MATERIALS: The first experiment was to estimate the thickness of the hydrated layer formed on LFC by storage in artificial saliva using microindentation hardness. The second experiment involved an estimate of enamel wear relative to other porcelains (d-Sign, LFC, Ducera Gold, and the control substance, Ceramco II) of hydrated LFC using a pin-on-disk wear test. RESULTS: The mean microindentation hardness values of hydrated and unhydrated LFC and the Ceramco II control were 5750 Mpa, 8230 Mpa, and 7180 MPa, respectively, at a stylus depth of 400 nm. The average enamel wear values measured with the porcelains are (in microns): LFC saliva (hydrated), 23.8; d-Sign, 35.6; LFC, 59.4; Ducera Gold (hydrated), 75; Ducera Gold, 81.3; Ceramco II, 109.4. Using Tukey's analysis at a 5% error level, there were significant differences between the wear of enamel against hydrated LFC and the more abrasive Ceramco II control. CONCLUSION: Comparing the effect of hydration of LFC on enamel wear, using an independent t test, hydrated LFC was significantly less abrasive than LFC (P< .008), but was not significantly less abrasive than d-Sign.

Dental Enamel↗
PubMed1990

[Relative abrasion of toothpastes--a toothpaste for everyone].

Since our last publication in this Journal in February 1988, many new dentifrices have appeared on the market, prompting us to revise our scale of relative abrasion for the most current ones. This relative abrasion scale is determined by weight loss of mechanically brushed specimens (methyl methacrylate) with a slurry from each dentifrice.

Materials Testing↗
PubMed1979

Polishing effect and abrasion of five toothpastes on dental enamel.

Prepared enamel samples were polished with one of 5 different toothpastes, dulled by acid treatment and repolished with the same toothpaste. The lustre change was measured by reflectometry and the micromorphological aspects of abrasion on enamel were investigated with the scanning electron microscope.

Acid Etching, Dental↗