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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Tonsil and adenoid surgery for upper airway obstruction in children.

We studied the outcomes of 76 children, aged 3 to 12 years, with large tonsils and/or large adenoids who underwent surgery to relieve upper airway obstruction over a 1-year period. Following surgery, nearly all patients experienced an alleviation of all symptoms, except for enuresis. We suggest that children who have large tonsils and/or adenoids will gain substantial benefit if they are removed, even children who do not have a history of severe sleep apnea or objective evidence from polysomnography.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1999

[Bacterial infection and production of immunoglobulin in the tonsil].

Immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype switching is the process whereby B cells initially expressing IgM and/or IgD on their surface switch to other Ig heavy-chain loci. We demonstrated that TGF-beta, IL-10 and VIP in the presence of CD40 mAb, can induce isotype switching for IgA in human tonsillar B cells by the generation of switch circular DNA (S alpha/S mu), the induction of alpha germ-line transcripts and a significant amount of IgA production. IgA is the predominant immunoglobulin effector molecule of mucosal immunity that functions as the first line of specific immunologic defense against many microbial pathogens. However, IgA causes IgA nephropathy. We investigated here, whether tonsillar mononuclear cells from patients with IgA nephropathy produce HP-specific IgA and/or IgA-related cytokines by stimulation with components of HP outer membranes (OMHP). HP-specific IgA was predominately induced by tonsillar mononuclear cells of IgA nephropathy, compared to those from chronic tonsillitis. Production of IL-10 and TGF-beta was enhanced by stimulation with OMHP in tonsillar mononuclear cells from IgA nephropathy. These results suggested that local infection of HP and HP-specific IgA induction in the tonsil are associated with pathogens in IgA nephropathy.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1999

[Cortisol levels in the sera of children with chronic decompensated tonsillitis in different periods after tonsillectomy].

Radioimmunoassay measured serum levels of hydrocortisone in children with chronic decompensated tonsillitis (CDT) before and 7 days, 2-3 months, 3-5 years after tonsillectomy. Hydrocortisone in CDT patients tended to decrease irrespective of decompensation form. The hormone levels were higher in long-term, recurrent course and small mass of the removed tonsils. On posttonsillectomy day 7 hydrocortisone lowered in patients with metotonsillar complications (MTC), remained unchanged in quinsy recurrence and rose in protracted CDT. 2-3 months after the operation adrenal cortex of the majority of patients enhanced its hydrocortisone-producing function. Hydrocortisonemia returned to normal 3-5 years after tonsillectomy, though in MTC its mean values stood higher than in quinsy recurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Hodgkin disease of the palatine tonsil. Clinical, histological, immunophenotype study and association with Epstein-Barr virus].

OBJECTIVE: To characterize clinical, histological and immuno-phenotypical features of a rare Hodgkin's disease presentation. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of three personal cases of Hodgkin's disease of the tonsil and a review of the literature. RESULTS: The clinical presentation was localized in the tonsil in all three cases. Age at onset was over 40 years in all patients. Symptoms were typical. A mixed cellularity histological type was found in all 3 instances. Reed-Sternberg cells stained positively with anti-CD30 and anti-CD15 monoclonal antibodies as well as with an anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) specific monoclonal antibody. All 3 patients are currently in complete remission although for a short period of time (35, 20 and 15 months). CONCLUSION: This small series illustrates the main characteristics of this rare Hodgkin's disease presentation. Age at onset was older than the average for this disease which might explain the predominance of the mixed cellularity histologic subtype and the tighter linkage to EBV, although the rarity of such a presentation could raise some doubts about the EBV linkage. Prognosis of this unusual presentation does not appear to be different from that for more common presentations.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Chronic tonsillitis and the upper cervical spine (author's transl)].

The authors investigated 46 patients with chronic tonsillitis. Only in 5 (11% blockage in the craniocervical junction were absent. The most frequently affected segment was between the occipital bone and the atlas (in 36 patients), between the atlas and axis in two and between the axis and C3 in three patients. In 28 treatment was only surgical. There blockage disappeared only in four, in two blockage developed operation. Five patients were treated before operation also by manipulation. There the blockage relapsed only once. In 10 treatment was by manipulation only. During the observation period (from 3-9 months) not a single relapse of blockage or tonsillitis was observed during the winter period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Clinico-immunological effectiveness of likopid in conservative treatment of patients with chronic tonsillitis and chronic sinusitis].

30 patients with chronic tonsillitis (CT) and 20 patients with chronic sinusitis (CS) received likopid (4 mg/day for 10 days). CT patients were additionally treated with tonsil lacunar lavage with dioxidine solution. Likopid was found effective in CT patients (good response--31%, partial response--59%). 9% did not respond to likopid. CS patients benefited less (good response--10%, partial response--50%). 40% were non-responders. In CT patients likopid demonstrated also an immunomodulating effect. Positive changes were observed in the counts of B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, T-helpers, natural killers, level of serum IgG, titers of specific antibodies, functional activity of neutrophils. In CS this effect was less pronounced.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Viral-bacterial-fungal associations in chronic tonsillitis in children].

The microflora of palatal tonsils was studied in 84 children with chronic tonsillitis in comparison with that in the control group of 38 healthy children. In most of the sick children viral-bacterial and less frequently viral-bacterial-fungal associations were detected with the prevalence of reo- and adenoviruses, Epstein-Barr viruses, coagulase negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as peptostreptococci. Adhesive activity and persistence factors among the main bacterial pathogens were shown to be widely prevalent. The depth of the lesion of tonsillar tissue by the infective agents of bacterial and fungal nature, as well as their persistence potential, depended on the taxonomic position of these microorganisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Intubation in a patient with lingual tonsil hypertrophy using an intubating laryngeal mask airway in combination with fiberoptic intubation].

A 66-yr-old man was scheduled for colon resection under general anesthesia. There were no findings suggesting difficulty of airway management. After induction of anesthesia, manual ventilation via a facemask was suboptimal, but increased fresh gas flow improved it. At direct laryngoscopy after achieving muscular relaxation, the arytenoids and epiglottis could not be seen even by an expert anesthesiologist. Intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) was inserted to patient's larynx and ventilation could be continued. Tracheal intubation through ILMA was impossible because of hard resistance for inserting the endotracheal tube. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed that the hypertrophied lingual tonsil obstructed the aperture of ILMA. Several attempts were made for intubation using fiberoptic tracheal intubation technique through ILMA and finally the patient's trachea was intubated without any bleeding or swelling of laryngeal tissues. The effectiveness of ILMA for the patient with lingual tonsil hypertrophy is still unknown, but the insertion of ILMA might be considered for safe airway management in combination with a fiberscope.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Effect of neonatal thymectomy on rabbit tonsils.

An intensive lymphocyte migration takes place through the venules lined with high endothelium and situated in the extrafollicular areas of the tonsils. After thymectomy the migration of lymphocytes is less marked and in the areas surrounding the vessels lymphocyte depletion, connective tissue proliferation and a disintegration of the intimate contact between reticular cells and reticular fibres can be observed. A similar lymphocyte depletion appears also in the epithelium. Similarly as the deep cortical substance of the lymph nodes the extrafollicular regions of the tonsils belong to the peripheral lymphoid organs.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Histopathologic changes in hyperplastic palatine tonsils of children with coexisting atopy].

Research done in respect to tonsils on people dealing at the same time with allergy, is seldom the subject of dissertation in polish as well as world wide medical literature. In the enclosed dissertation, writers present the results of histopathological of hyperplastic tonsils, taken from children with coexisting atopy. It is worthwhile to remark, that many of these cases, the presence of eosinophilia and subepithelial oedema was observed. The tonsillar corpuscle have been also described as ingredients in some of the talked about medical samples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Diagnosis of streptococcal tonsillitis in the pediatric department with the help of antigen detection test].

INTRODUCTION: The aim was to examine the validity in the paediatric hospital department of an antigen detection test (ADT) for the diagnosis of streptococcal tonsillitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective multicenter study including three Danish paediatric hospital departments was performed from May 1, 1998 to April 30, 1999. In 353 children aged 0-14 years the result of the ADT, Clearview Strep A, was compared with the result obtained with cultivation in an aerobic culture and the clinical parameters: hyperaemia, swelling, coating, adenitis and a temperature > or = 38.5 degrees C. In 126 patients the results of the ADT were also compared with white blood cell count (WBC), neutrofil count (NC) and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS: The prevalence of Group A Streptococci (GAS) from culture was 15%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of ADT were 67%, 95%, 72% and 94%, respectively. The positive predictive value of the ADT was significantly lower in patients aged 0-4 years than in patients aged > or = 5 years (p = 0.02). The prevalence of positive ADT was significantly higher in patients with heavy growth of GAS than in patients with moderate or sparse growth (p = 0.01). The prevalence of adenitis (p = 0.003) and coating (p = 0.003) was significantly raised in ADT-positive patients. In patients with growth of Group A Streptococci in cultivation in an aerobic culture the prevalence of adenitis (p = 0.006) and elevated CRP (p = 0.03) was significantly raised. DISCUSSION: The sensitivity of 67% for the ADT is not satisfactory. However, in our opinion, this is not a sufficient argument against using ADT. It was a problem that the result of the ADT was sometimes difficult to read. Adjustment of the test procedure and the use of easy readable and high-sensitive optical immunoassay tests would probably improve the results significantly. Until the results of such studies exist, we suggest that the method of cultivation in an aerobic culture is used in the case of negative ADT, at least in patients with pronounced symptoms and/or clinical signs of streptococcal tonsilitis (adenitis and coating).

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed2003

[Susceptibility of major pathogens of acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis to levofloxacin and other oral antimicrobial drugs].

A total of 2865 strains of the causative organisms isolated from the patients with acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis at the primary medical institutions were used in this study. The MICs of levofloxacin (LVFX) and other oral antimicrobial drugs were determined and evaluated by the NCCLS guideline. LVFX, cefditoren (CDTR) and cefcapene (CFPN) were potently active against 773 isolates of Hemophilus influenzae, the MIC50S of LVFX being < or = 0.06 microgram/mL and also the same as the MIC90S of LVFX. LVFX was the most active against 496 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. The MIC50S of LVFX were < or = 0.06 microgram/mL and were lower than those of CDTR, cefdinir (CFDN) and cefpodoxime (CPDX) (MIC50S: 0.5 microgram/mL). The MIC90S of these cephems were markedly higher than the respective MIC50S, whereas MIC50 of LVFX was 0.12 microgram/mL, only twice the MIC50. Against the majority of Streptococcus pyogenes (555 isolates) and Streptococcus spp. (495 isolates), CDTR, CFDN, CPDX and CFPN were highly active (MICs: < or = 0.06 microgram/mL), and clarithromycin (CAM) and azithromycin (AZM) were also active against these organisms (MICs: 0.12 to 0.25 microgram/mL). Against S. pneumoniae (92 isolates), CDTR and CFDN were active (MIC50S: 0.12 and 0.25 microgram/mL, respectively). However, the MIC90S of these drugs were 4-8 times the MIC50S. Against Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis (454 isolates), LVFX was potently active, the MIC90 of LVFX being < or = 0.06 microgram/mL and MIC90S of the other cephems being 0.5 microgram/mL or more. When the susceptibility of these strains to LVFX was evaluated by the NCCLS guideline, about 3% of other Streptococcus spp. were resistant to the drug but no test strains resistant to LVFX were detected in H. influenzae, S. pyogenes or Enterobacteriaceae. On the other hand, the percentages of strains susceptible to the cephems tested were 60-90%, which were quite different according to kinds of drugs and species used. Furthermore, the strains of S. pneumoniae resistant to CFDN and CPDX, and those to CAM and AZM were 21-25% and 50% or more, respectively, whereas no LVFX-resistant strains were detected. The major pathogens isolated from patients with pharyngitis and tonsillitis in the primary institutions were highly susceptible to LVFX. These results suggest that LVFX is a useful drug which is potently active against the strains resistant to oral cephem and macrolide antibiotics.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

[Percent distribution of B-Lymphocytes in human tonsils at various ages].

B-Lymphocytes of the classes G, M and A were determined by use of heavy-chain-specific fluorescent antisera from 67 children between 2 and 14 years of age and from 15 adults up to 60 years of age. Tonsils from which viable cell suspensions were investigated for B-Cells were classified histologically, according to their degree of lymphatic hyperplasia and inflammation. With increasing age, a statiscally significant decrease in percent G- and M-cells was observed while A-cells remained unchanged. With increasing severity and extent of inflammation and lymphatic hyperplasia, there occured a mild increase in percent M-cells. G-cells did not exhibit major changes under such conditions. It is suggested, that the tonsil may represent an early and fast reaching immunocompetent organ primarily determined for the production of large molecular IgM and IgA of less specificity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Bacteriological findings in chronic infantile tonsillitis (author's transl)].

Under general anaesthesia cultures were taken from infantile tonsils prior to T & A. The bacteriological results and the serological classification of hemophilus are questionning literature reports. According to our findings one must consider haemophilus influencae as a resident of the common oral flora. There was no significant difference culturing tonsils with or without repeated antibiotic treatment. Hemophilus influencae combined with beta-hemolytic streptococci is common. Immunological considerations against infantile T & A, based on bacteriological observations are questioned.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of stellate ganglion block therapy on tonsillitis].

We examined a 35-year-old male patient with recurrent tonsillitis who did not respond to operation and drug therapy and we treated him by stellate ganglion block (SGB) alone. The clinical symptoms improved by the SGB. There was no subsequent recurrence. The result suggests that SGB therapy is effective for recurrent tonsillitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Lingual tonsillitis. Report of 3 cases and literature review].

Lingual tonsillitits is a relatively uncommon pathology that affects specially patients with previous palatine tonsillectomy and its clinical behaviour is even more notorious than an acute tonsillitis. We report 3 cases hospitalized by our ENT Department analysing the initial symptoms, complementary tests, treatment and clinical evolution. In one of the patients that diagnosis probably was secondary to a complication due to an infectious mononucleosis and finally he was operated by surgical cauterization the lingual tonsils.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Loracarbef versus penicillin VK in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis in adults.

Loracarbef, a member of a unique class of beta-lactam compounds (carbacephems), has excellent chemical and beta-lactamase stability, as well as documented clinical effectiveness against a broad spectrum of bacteria. Ten-day treatment regimens of loracarbef (200-mg capsule BID or 15 mg/kg/day suspension) and penicillin VK (250-mg capsule QID or 20 mg/kg/day suspension) were compared in the treatment of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Adults (greater than or equal to 12 years of age) were administered loracarbef (n = 58) or penicillin (n = 58) in a double-blind, randomized, parallel study of clinical and bacteriologic response to treatment. Favorable clinical responses among qualified (evaluable) patients in the loracarbef-treated group (46/47; 97.9%) were similar to those for evaluable patients in the penicillin-treated group (43/43; 100%). Forty-one of 47 (87.2%) of the evaluable loracarbef-treated patients and 100% (43/43) of the evaluable penicillin-treated patients had negative posttherapy throat cultures for GABHS. Thirty-nine evaluable patients in each treatment group were assessed 28 to 35 days after completion of therapy: 2.6% of patients in each group experienced relapse of symptoms; and 7.7% of loracarbef-treated patients had positive cultures, compared to 12.8% of penicillin-treated patients. Two (1.9%) loracarbef-treated patients with rashes and one (0.9%) penicillin-treated patient with diarrhea withdrew from the study due to these adverse events. Diarrhea, the most frequently occurring adverse event during therapy in the loracarbef group, was reported by 8.6% of the loracarbef group and by 5.2% of the penicillin group. These data support the conclusion that loracarbef is comparable in safety and efficacy to penicillin VK for the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Chronic tonsillitis--pathogenesis, symptomatology and therapy].

Chronic tonsillitis is a common disease entity which, on account of the possibility of the tonsils becoming a focus of infection, must not be made light of. The patient's complaints are highly uncharacteristic, and it is not always possible to establish the diagnosis on the local findings alone. Rather, the patient's history and general state of health must also be considered when considering the diagnosis. By reason of the pathogenesis, the treatment of choice can only be tonsillectomy.

Abscess↗