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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Correction of post-operative strabismus after scleral encircling procedures].

The scleral encircling or explant procedures for treatment of retinal detachment usually lead to post-operative strabismus, due to traumatic muscular adhesion to the globe, explant interference with muscular function, nerve damage and muscular paralysis, excessive or prolonged stretching of the muscle and surgical muscular reattachment at an improper site. In addition, there may be muscular atrophy or cicatrizing transformation due to compression. In 3 patients, the authors made use of the cicatricial tissue in place of the original muscle with or without surgical adjustment of the other ocular muscles. Satisfactory cosmetic result and ocular motility were obtained in all 3 cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Monocular near-point accommodation and the blood supply to the ciliary body of the amblyopic eye in schoolchildren with concomitant strabismus].

Visual acuity, the character of fixation, the angle of deviation, refraction, monocular determination of accommodation and blood supply of the ciliary body have been studied in 50 schoolchildren (100 eyes) with convergent strabismus and amblyopia of various degree. Children with amblyopia of high and moderate degrees have shown a sharp fall or absolute absence of the positive part of relative accommodation and reduced blood supply of the ciliary body. Between the mentioned indices and degree of amblyopia there exists a positive connexion.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1989

[The choice of the method for surgical correction of strabismus].

The analysis of results after surgical treatment of 300 patients with strabismus of different kind has shown that the effectiveness of the treatment depends on correct determination of the squinting eye, the choice of the operation muscle, the degree of the dosage of recession and/or resection. The differential approach to the surgical method can be provided by the individual map-scheme developed by the author.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Orthoptic treatment of accommodative strabismus].

Orthoptic treatment of accommodative strabismus is difficult because of variability of deviation and neutralisation. In first, the treatment of synoptophoria is practised more easily. It is often completed by optic treatment and medical treatment.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1989

[Semeiology of accommodative strabismus].

Only the evolution under the total optical correction permits to define whether a strabismus is partially or totally accommodative. This answer can take very variable forms.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1989

Measurement of binocular alignment in normal monkeys and in monkeys with strabismus.

Accurate assessment of ocular alignment in monkeys is difficult because typical clinical methods require extensive cooperation by the subject or provide only a rough estimate of the misalignment. Recently, Brodie derived a geometrical model for determining the Hirschberg ratio in humans, and validated it photographically. In this study, we have applied these procedures in order to determine corresponding values for monkeys. We have found the average Hirschberg ratio for macaques to be approximately 14 degrees of rotation per millimeter corneal light reflex displacement. We extended the model to binocular viewing conditions, which allows for a description of the visual axes in Cartesian coordinates in relation to the head. Fixation errors, computed in terms of lateral and axial error vectors from intended fixation targets, were then determined for one normal monkey and for three monkeys that have a naturally occurring strabismus. Assessment of the fixation errors was made at several different distances and angles in the horizontal plane. The standard deviation for our measurements averaged 2.1 degrees. Our data indicate that measurements must be made at multiple locations throughout the visual field in order to accurately specify the pattern of misalignment. Finally, a procedure is demonstrated which specifies the misalignment in terms of a cyclopian eye, which is independent of the interocular separation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myopic strabismus fixus convergens.

A case report of myopic myositis, a rare entity, leading to strabismus fixus convergens, occurring in a high myope at the age of 46 years is presented. The possible differential diagnosis along with the aetiopathogenesis is discussed.

Convergence, Ocular↗
PubMed1988

Asystole due to the oculocardiac reflex during strabismus surgery: a report of two cases.

The oculocardiac reflex is a well-known entity which may result in vagal depression of the heart when pressure is placed on the eyeball or when traction is applied to the extraocular muscles. Bradycardia is, by far, the most common cardiac response to these stimuli. We report two cases of ten-second episodes of asystole during traction on the medial rectus muscle as a reminder to ophthalmologists and anesthesiologists alike that this complication can and does occur during strabismus surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Visual acuity, strabismus, and amblyopia in premature babies with and without retinopathy of prematurity.

One hundred eighty-seven premature babies, 48 of whom suffered from retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), were examined. A higher incidence of strabismus was found in the group with cicatricial ROP (23% vs. 9%). Amblyopia was present in 6% of the ROP group and in only 1.4% of babies without ROP. Myopia was found in 50% of the ROP group as compared with 15% in the nonROP group. Astigmatism and anisometropia were more common in the ROP group, but hypermetropia was equally represented in both groups.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

[Strabismus and heterophoria: the situation in Zaire].

The results of a prospective study of 66 cases of squint among black Zaïrian people are presented. The frequency of strabismus in routine ophthalmic consultation was estimated at 1.5% with a large number of exodeviations (1.25%). Excessive divergence was by far the commonest form of exodeviations. A large pupillary distance and telorism are common in Zaïrian people.

Black People↗
PubMed1988

[Orbital cellulitis following surgery of strabismus].

The authors report a case of orbital cellulitis after strabismus surgery. Diagnosis was confirmed by computerized tomography. Subsequent therapy and follow-up are discussed. Attention is drawn to the importance of this syndrome.

Cellulitis↗
PubMed1987

[Examination of convergent strabismus in children].

Esotropia or converging squint is a common pathology in early age, generally followed by unilateral functional amblyopia of the deviating eye if an adapted treatment is not prescribed very early. Amblyopia occurs when the subject has lost use of one eye, now constantly deviating. Every strabismic child must have an early complete ophthalmologic examination. The author describes the main steps of this examination and discusses the diagnostic aspects. The main differential diagnosis is benign pseudo-strabismus of the epicanthus.

Child↗
PubMed1987

[Convergent strabismus in children. Clinical aspects and treatment].

The classification of convergent strabismus of the child, "esotropies", is mainly based upon the age of appearance. It is indeed fundamental to distinguish the early esotropies where the recovery of binocular vision is impossible and the orthoptic reeducation unnecessary, from the late forms where orthoptic reeducation and treatment could achieve the recovery of the binocular vision.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1986

Transposition procedures in strabismus.

A transfer procedure is very useful in the treatment of strabismus. The most common use of this procedure is to augment an already planned resection or recession procedure so that it can be performed monocularly to reduce an accompanying hypertropia or hypotropia or to collapse the A or V pattern when horizontal surgery is being performed for estropia or exotropia. In transfer procedures, the resultant change of deviation and cosmetic improvement is good or excellent in almost all cases. Some special transfer procedures, such as the Harada-Ito or the Jensen operation, can have dramatic effects on both comfort and change of symptoms for the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The effects of surgical technique and the radius of the eye on correction for horizontal strabismus.

A theory is developed that considers the effects of surgical technique and the radius of the eye on the values for the surgical amount that correct horizontal strabismus. By replacing the biologic system of the eye and the extraocular muscles with an idealized model eye, equations are derived that relate to the surgical amount. Using these equations, it is possible to show that small variations in the radius of the eyeball can have a significant effect on the surgical amount. It is also shown that for a recession, variations in the distance between the point where the sutures are tied on the muscle, before disinserting it, and the original insertion point of the muscle can have a significant effect on the final outcome of the surgery.

Eye↗
PubMed1987

Recession vs marginal myotomy surgery for strabismus: effects on spatial localization.

Palisade endings (PEs) are found at the musculotendinous junction in eye muscles and this is the site of much strabismus surgery. To assess the role of PEs in supplying proprioceptive information about eye position, we compared the effects of marginal myotomy and recession surgeries on tests of eye-hand coordination (open-loop pointing responses) taken before and after surgery in two groups of children having medial rectus weakening procedures for the first time. The results indicate that the myotomy is more proprioceptively "de-afferenting" than the recession, and we assume this is due to the greater disruption of PEs in this procedure.

Child↗
PubMed1985

The use of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of strabismus.

Alteration of the position of the eye within the orbit is conventionally achieved by surgery on the extraocular muscles; a new method, selective weakening of one of the muscles with Botulinum Toxin A is described. Results in the first 85 cases treated show that it is a safe, and effective treatment, particularly suited to certain cases of strabismus.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Strabismus in childhood.

Strabismus is a common childhood disorder which is underdiagnosed and undertreated. A detectable squint at any age is abnormal and should be investigated to exclude significant ophthalmological or systemic disease. Early detection and treatment will enable normal and near-normal binocular functions to be achieved in many children.

Accommodation, Ocular↗