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Results for “SWINE DISEASES”

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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Comparative studies on hydatidosis in farm animals in Egypt.

A survey on the frequency of hydatid disease in animals slaughtered in Cairo abattoir revealed that the percentage in camels, sheep, pigs, cows and buffaloes attained 31.0%, 1.33%, 4.62%, 0.0% and 0.0% respectively. In camels and pigs the lungs were the main predilection sites of hydatid cysts, while in sheep the liver was the most infested organ. The wall thickness of the cysts was different according to the host species and the location of the cyst. The parasitic membrane of the cysts collected from camels consisted of two layers, an outer layer rich with mucopolysaccharides, and an inner germinal layer; some of its cells were rich with glycogen others were charged with lipids; the latter were mainly concentrated at the origin of the brood capsule. Hydatid cysts from camels showed a large number of calcareous bodies which stained deeply with both von Kossa stain and alcian blue stain. The majority of the examined cysts from sheep showed non-fertile germinal membranes. The most characteristic feature observed in the cysts collected from pigs was the presence of large amounts of fat droplets.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Genetic characterization of porcine circovirus-2 field isolates from PMWS pigs.

PMWS is a new emerging disease in swine herds worldwide. Field isolates of PCV-2, a putative major causative agent of PMWS, were isolated and genetically characterized. Viral genome of two field isolates (PC201DJ and PC201SS) from pigs showing typical PMWS was sequenced. The nucleotide sequence homology with other PCV-2 isolates was ranging from 95% to 99% in complete viral genomic sequence. The highly conserved nonanucleotide motif of replication origin was identical to that of other PCV-2 isolates. To determine the genetic heterogeneity of PCV-2 isolates, the phylogenetic tree based on the complete genome of PCV-2 isolates were constructed. Two PCV-2 field isolates were closely related to Canadian isolates of PCV-2. PCV-2 isolated from field may have an origin of North America and is possibly originated from importation of breeding stocks. The result indicates that although the genome of PCV-2 is relatively stable in general, minor genetic variations exist among PCV-2 isolates from the different geographic locations. These differences of viral genome might have an important implication for genetic characteristics of PCV-2 infection. Three major immunorelevant epitopes of capsid protein showed variations in amino acid sequences. Also, the variance of amino acid sequence in antigenic epitope existed between two Korean PCV-2 isolates.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Maintaining patency and asepsis of vascular access ports in Yucatan miniature swine.

Subcutaneous vascular access ports allow for convenient serial blood sampling and the injection of pharmaceutical agents. However, their use can be complicated by infections leading to access-site cellulitis, bacteremia, and septic thrombophlebitis. Therefore, the implementation of techniques limiting infection is indicated to enhance the welfare of the animal and the collection of valid data. We hypothesized that as demonstrated in some human studies, adding vancomycin to the heparinized solution filling the port and catheter would reduce complications associated with vascular access ports. Adding 1 mg/ml vancomycin to the solution filling the port and catheter in Yucatan swine significantly reduced the rate of infections by 55% and doubled the duration of catheter patency. We also hypothesized that visualization of catheter placement and changing to a hydrocoated round-tipped polyurethane catheter would reduce the rate of complications. After appropriate changes in protocols were made, only one localized infection at a port site occurred in 10 pigs, and this infection was resolved with antibiotics. At necropsy, all ports and catheters were patent and free from the grossly apparent lesions typically associated with long-term vascular access ports. We conclude that the use of vancomycin in the port and catheter as well as optimizing the catheter type and placement reduce the complications typically observed with vascular access ports.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed1992

The poison center as a reservoir for antidotes for veterinary poisoning emergencies.

Animal poisonings account for a significant number of the cases responded to by poison centers. The majority of consultations involve small animals and do not necessitate the use of large amounts of pharmacologic antagonists, such as atropine to treat anticholinesterase pesticide poisonings. However, large animals such as cattle present unique management problems, since phenomenal amounts of antidotes may be needed to treat a herd of cattle, creating a significant economic impact. The most challenging dilemma is providing 24-h availability and a means of acquisition of sufficient quantities of antidotes to reduce the economic impact of large-animal poisonings. In conjunction with a state veterinary medical association, a RPIC serves as a depot for the storage and distribution of emergency veterinary antidotes. Sufficient quantities of atropine, methylene blue, calcium EDTA, sodium nitrite and thiosulfate, and activated charcoal are available via the RPIC to treat a herd of 200 cattle. The antidotes are available only for emergency treatment and with a veterinary prescription. The 24-h nature of the poison center makes it an ideal location to serve the needs of veterinarians.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[The National Order of Veterinary Doctors of Madagascar and the quality control of private veterinarians].

Veterinary medicine was introduced into Madagascar with the arrival of French settlers in the early 1900s. At first, veterinary practitioners were all French, and they trained Madagascan veterinary auxiliaries. The first Madagascan veterinarians were trained in French veterinary schools. The idea of organising the profession dates back to the 1970s, but only in 1991 was the Animal Health Law, covering the veterinary profession, adopted by the National Assembly; it was promulgated by President Ratsiraka on July 25 of that same year. Thus, the National Order of Veterinary Doctors of Madagascar (ONDVM: Ordre national des docteurs vétérinaires malagasy) was instituted by a decree in February 1992. All veterinarians and paraprofessionals were employed in the public sector at the time and this new structure proved vital for the private exercise of the veterinary profession. With the adoption of a new national livestock policy, vaccination against major cattle and swine diseases became a profitable activity. One of the objectives of the sectoral livestock programme was that a total of 90 new posts for veterinarians should be created and located throughout the different regions and rural townships of the country. The Centre de promotion vétérinaire (Centre for Veterinary Promotion), which was created in 1992, was the organisation charged with carrying out this task. In 1998, once the private veterinarians were installed, a survey was undertaken with the aim of making an exhaustive assessment of all private veterinarians, collecting data from the public veterinary stations in zones covered by private veterinarians, and establishing a programme of disengagement and withdrawal of the decentralised services, particularly the public veterinary stations. More recently, the Administration and the ONDVM have been facing various organisational problems, notably with regard to the different levels of animal health staff working in the field. Thus, the Order is currently waging a mobilisation and awareness campaign for the adoption of a new animal health law. All new measures would be aimed at strengthening the management of artificial insemination centres and border protection and improving the work of all those involved in animal health: official and private veterinarians and members of the Order of Veterinary Doctors and the Order of Veterinary Paraprofessionals.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed2004

Perils of pet pigs.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathophysiological reactions of the pulmonary circulation in airway and lung diseases].

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a physiological phenomenon in healthy lungs and a regulatory mechanism in alveolar hypoventilation by which blood flow is diverted from poorly ventilated areas to better ventilated alveolar regions. Maintained alveolar hypoxia (related either to respiratory diseases or to high altitude) results in a persistent activation of HPV. The latter mechanism is involved in the development of pulmonary vasoconstriction and right heart failure (Cor pulmonale) in chronic airway diseases. Compared to other species, especially the bovine and the porcine lung is highly susceptible to develop pulmonary hypertension because of anatomical and physiological pecularities. Consequently, therapeutic support of the heart is indicated in cattle and pigs suffering from respiratory diseases. In contrast, non-selective vasodilators are not recommended because they override the compensatory effect of hypoxic vasoconstriction and impair pulmonary gas exchange.

Animals↗