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PubMed2002

[The study of photochemical immobilization of urease on polyether sulfone film surface].

A new method of using photoactivable ester with azido group was described to immobilize urease on polyether sulfone(PES) film surface. The effects of photoactive enzyme concentration, temperature, pH, irradiation time on the activity of immobilized urease were investigated. Reused times and storage stability were also studied. The results showed that the surface concentration of urease immobilized on PES surface was about 0.33 mg/cm2. When the irradiation time was 5 minutes, the relative activity of immobilized urease was the highest and the activity increased with the increase of the concentration of photoactive urease solution. The optimum pH and temperature of immobilized urease were 7 and 50 degrees C respectively. The relative activity of immobilized urease was stable (50%) after 12 times reused at 50 degrees C.

Enzyme Stability↗
PubMed2000

[The molecular spectra and existence state of sulfonated phthalimidomethyl phthalocyanine hydroxyl aluminum as amphiphilic photosensitizer in aqueous alcoholic solutions and water].

The sulfonated phthalimidomethyl phthalocyanine hydroxyl aluminum (Al(OH)PcSP) is an amphiphilic photosensitizer which was proved to have the photodynamic activities against cancer. The electronic absorption spectra and aggregation state of the Al(OH)PcSP in aqueous alcoholic solutions and water were investigated. The results showed that the Al(OH)PcSP existed in the form of monomer in aqueous alcoholic solutions. The increase in the carbon chain and hydroxy of alcohol in solutions had no significant effects on the absorption spectra behaviors of Al(OH)PcSP. But in water, the Al(OH)PcSP existed in the equilibrium between monomer and dimer. The dimerization constant was 5.7307 x 10(4) mol-1.L. The characteristic absorption peak of the Q band of the Al(OH)PcSP dimer was red shifted to 740.5 nm from that of the monomer (676.5 nm), which contrast with those of other metal phthalocyanines dimer. The study on the fluorescence spectra of Al(OH)PcSP in aqueous alcoholic solutions suggested that the fluorescence of the dimer was weak.

Electron Probe Microanalysis↗
PubMed1991

[Hydrolysis of raw keratin wastes with use of certain sulfonic acids. II. Analysis of optimal conditions for hydrolysis].

We have fixed optimal conditions to hydrolysis of the waste keratin material cerebellum, hoof and bristle. With apply 1 mol/dm3 solutions of acids: amide-, benzene-, 4-methylbenzene- and naphtalene-1-sulfonate, the best results obtained by degradation protein for 24 hours in closed glass tube in the argon in the temperature 110 degrees C by means of benzenesulfonate acid; materials after hydrolysis contain all exogenous amino acids.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effect of p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate on gastric parietal and surface cell function in the dog.

p-Chloromercuribenzene sulfonate, a polar organic mercurial which presumably penetrates cell membranes with great difficulty, led to a profound decrease in acid recovered from exteriorized segments of dog gastric fundus stimulated by exogenous histamine. Trapping of secreted hydrogen ions by Tris buffer did not significantly reduce the back-diffusion component of apparent inhibition. Sodium-for-hydrogen exchange was close to unity before and after inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Confirmation of phorate, terbufos, and their sulfoxides and sulfones in water by capillary gas chromatography/chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method capable of confirming phorate, terbufos, their sulfoxides, and sulfones in water is reported. Parents and their metabolites are separated in less than 5 min using a short capillary GC column and high carrier gas linear velocities. Positive ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry generates (M + H) ions indicative of the different molecular weights of the analytes and at least one confirmatory fragment ion for each analyte. Residues have been qualitatively confirmed at the 1 ppb level in fortified water samples from a variety of sources. Apparent residues in control water were less than 0.1 ppb.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry↗
PubMed1973

The international reference preparation of colistin methane sulfonate.

The international unit of colistin methane sulfonate has been defined by collaborative assay as the activity contained in 0.00007874 mg of the international reference preparation. The definition was based on results from 7 laboratories in 5 countries which carried out assays against their existing national standards. Because of the complex heterogeneity in composition of this antibiotic the international reference preparation was not designated as an international standard.

Colistin↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of ELISA with ABTS, 2-2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid), as the substrate of peroxidase and its application to the diagnosis of schistosomiasis.

A micro-technique of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using ABTS, 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid), as a substrate for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate was studied. In a comparative study among 4 substrates, namely; 5-aminosalicylic acid (5AS), O-phenylenediamine (OPD), O-tolidine (OT) and ABTS, for HRP in terms of sensitivity, it was found that ABTS was the most sensitive, stable and the best in visuality by its bluish-green color. The precise reproducibility of ELISA readings was attained by making correction of observed absorbance with positive reference serum. Sera from 50 patients positive for S. japonicum (Sj) egg and from 50 healthy residents in non-infested areas were diluted at 1:200 and examined by this procedure of ELISA against crude egg antigen. The upper limit of 99% critical range of the absorbance among negative sera was 0.080. The reactions of egg positive cases were beyond this value, being 0.505 at the minimal absorbance (1.259 +/- 0.278), and were easily distinguished from negatives even by naked eyes. Cross-reactivity to Sj egg antigen was studied using sera from 75 cases with 22 kinds of varied parasitic infections. Among them, S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections showed higher absorbance while the others did a little higher than the normal range. The highest absorbance shown by a Trichobilharzia brevis case was 0.177. The results indicated that micro-ELISA technique with ABTS developed in the present study is applicable to the field survey because of its high sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility.

Aminosalicylic Acids↗
PubMed1984

Colorimetry of hemoglobin in plasma with 2,2'-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS).

Hemoglobin in plasma can be determined by the color-developing action of 2,2'-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), which is oxidized to a colored form by a peroxidase-like effect of hemoglobin in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Sensitivity, precision, and accuracy are discussed. The calibration curve is linear for hemoglobin concentrations up to 1 g/L; the minimum detectable concentration is 20 mg/L. The within-run precision (CV) was 2.39%, analytical recovery 101.8%. Interference from plasma proteins and lipids was eliminated by centrifuging the reaction mixture before measuring its absorbance at 410 nm.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1995

Synthetic approaches and biological evaluation of some new sulfonate ester-containing quinazoline derivatives as potentially active antimicrobial agents.

Several sulfonate ester-containing quinazolinone derivatives that are substituted with, isolated or fused, aryl, hetaryl or hetarylphenyl ring systems were synthesized with a view to evaluate their efficacy as new bactericidal and/or fungicidal agents. Synthesis of these products involved prior preparation of the 2-[4'-(benzenesulfonyloxy)phenyl]-3,1- 4(H)-benzoxazin-4-one derivative (2) and subsequent reaction with several nitrogen nucleophiles. The structure of these products were established from elemental and spectral analyses. Most of the prepared compounds showed high antimicrobial activity, comparable to standard chemotherapeutic agents, when screened against different microorganisms.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1975

Bacteriological status (point prevalence) of lepromatous outpatients under sulfone treatment.

The study concerns 337 outpatients with lepromatous leprosy who had been receiving dapsone treatment for 1-26 years-69% of them regularly and 31% irregularly. Routine bacterial examination (10 min per slide) by a paramedical technician showed only 50% of these patients to be bacteriologically positive. This rate attained 99% when each slide was examined for 30-60 min by a qualified bacteriologist. Other factors-apart from the limited action of sulfones-might account for these unexpected results: the material was collected by an experienced leprologist; the disease was still clinically active in 75% of the patients; about 25% of them had been treated for only 1-4 years; and the intake of dapsone in long-term treatment gradually decreases.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

The oxidative deamination of L-aminoethylcysteine sulfoxide and sulfone by snake venom L-amino acid oxidase.

The oxidation of L-aminoethylcysteine (AEC) by L-amino acid oxidase has been compared with that of the respective sulfoxide (AEC-SO) and sulfone (AEC-SO2). Spectral and HPLC analyses of the incubates reveal the formation of the respective cyclic ketimines. While the ketimine coming from AEC is subjected to autooxidation yielding the sulfoxide and other products, the ketimines produced from AEC-SO and AEC-SO2 are more stable and account for almost the total conversion of the substrate in the product. Spectrophotometric and HPLC properties of the ketimine produced from AEC-SO are identical to those reported earlier for the main product of the autooxidation of AEC ketimine, thus confirming its identification. These results could explain the presence of chondrine in biological materials as a product of reduction of AEC-SO ketimine.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1996

Protection from 1,1-dichloroethylene-induced Clara cell injury by diallyl sulfone, a derivative of garlic.

Bronchiolar Clara cell damage ensues after treatment of mice with 1,1-dichloroethylene (DCE). The cytotoxicity is mediated by CYP2E1, a cytochrome P450 isozyme that is highly localized in the Clara cells. Bioactivation of DCE produces the primary metabolites 2,2-dichloroacetaldehyde, which hydrolyzes to the acetal, and DCE epoxide, which reacts with glutathione to form the conjugates 2-(S-glutathionyl) acetyl glutathione [B] and 2-S-glutathionyl acetate [C]. In this study, we investigated the potential of diallyl sulfone (DASO2) to inhibit CYP2E1, to suppress the bioactivation of DCE to reactive intermediates and to abrogate DCE-induced Clara cell cytotoxicity. Our results showed that treatment of mice with DASO2 (100 mg/kg p.o.) produced decreases in CYP2E1-dependent p-nitrophenol hydroxylation that were apparent at 1 h. Enzyme activity plummeted to about 20% of the control by 2 h and remained at this low level from 3 to 8 h. Recovery of activity was evident at 16 h and returned to the control level by 24 h. Immunoreactivity of the CYP2E1 protein was decreased in immunoblots of lung microsomes from DASO2-treated mice. Treatment with DASO2 did not cause any structural alterations in lung tissue; in contrast, treatment with DCE (75 mg/kg) produced Clara cell damage. This lesion was not manifested in mice treated with DASO2 in conjunction with DCE. The lack of cytotoxicity observed in vivo correlated with a reduction of about 45% in the levels of both the acetal and the DCE epoxide-derived conjugates [B] and [C] in vitro. These results demonstrated that DASO2 significantly inhibited the CYP2E1 enzyme, decreased the production of DCE metabolites and protected Clara cells from DCE-induced cytotoxicity.

Allyl Compounds↗
PubMed1978

[Biological properties of 4-amino-5 alkyl-sulfone substituted orthoanisamides].

The 4-amino 5-alkyl-sulfone substituted orthoanisamides can be distinguished from their non-aminated homologues (sultopride) or sulfamoyl homologues (sulpride) mainly by the intensity of their anti-emetic effects with regard to apomorphine and their mode of action, either on hippocampic rhythms or on locomotor rhythms in the Cat.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Dapsone hypersensitivity. The sulfone syndrome revisited.

A hypersensitivity reaction to low-dose (50-mg), short-term dapsone administration developed in a 16-year-old girl. The reaction included fever, malaise, dermatitis, jaundice with hepatic dysfunction, lymphadenopathy, and hemolytic anemia. Physicians should be familiar with this "sulfone syndrome," an uncommon, potentially serious, side effect of dapsone therapy.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1989

Photodynamic therapy for experimental intraocular melanoma using chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine.

Chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine (CASPc), a novel photosensitizing dye, was evaluated for treatment of experimental intraocular melanoma in 33 rabbit eyes. An argon ion pumped dye laser, operating at an emission of 675 nm, was used in a nonthermal mode to irradiate iris tumors in rabbits 24 hours after they received in intravenous dye injection (23 eyes). The effects of laser irradiation alone and dye alone were examined in ten control eyes. A threshold tumoricidal dose was established for photodynamic therapy with CASPc and laser irradiation. Vascular occlusion was produced in a well-circumscribed area corresponding to the boundaries of laser irradiation after CASPc injection. Tumors successfully treated with CASPc and laser irradiation were arrested in growth and exhibited no viable tumor cells on histologic examination. Control tumors continued rapid growth, unaffected by dye or laser. Our data indicate that CASPc demonstrates a strong photosensitizing effect on both tumor and normal tissue. These results suggest that CASPc is a potential photosensitizing compound that may be useful in the treatment of choroidal melanoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Photothrombosis of retinal and choroidal vessels in rabbit eyes using chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine and a diode laser.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Photothrombosis is a relatively new photodynamic application leading to vascular occlusion. In the current work the effectiveness of phthalocyanine and a diode laser in photothrombosis of normal retinal and choroidal vessels was evaluated. STUDY DESIGN, MATERIALS AND METHODS: Big retinal vessels of temporal myelin wing were irradiated using a 670 nm diode laser (2 mW, 0.5 mm2) after the injection of chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine (5 mg/kg) in twenty albino rabbits. Animals were followed up to a maximum of 7 months using fundus photography, fluoroangiography, and histology. RESULTS: Photothrombosis of the irradiated retinal vessels and of underlying choroidal vessels resulted in all treated eyes after 13 to 17.5 min of irradiation. The retinal vessels were patent again by the 7th day after the procedure. Choroidal vessels remained closed during the whole follow-up period. Light and electron microscopy demonstrated occupation of irradiated choroidal and retinal vessels by platelet thrombi. Damage of endothelial cell structure of these vessels could be seen. Outer retinal and RPE damage localized at irradiation area was observed. CONCLUSION: The combination of phthalocyanine with a low power diode laser is a simple and effective way for the induction of photodynamic thrombosis in fundus vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effect of single-chain and two-chain high molecular weight kininogen on adsorption of fibrinogen from binary mixtures to glass and sulfonated polyurethane surfaces.

The adsorption of fibrinogen from a single protein solution and from binary mixtures of fibrinogen and high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) to glass and four sulfonated polyurethane surfaces is reported. The effect of the single-chain (SCHK) and two-chain (TCHK) forms of HK on fibrinogen adsorption was investigated. Using radiolabeling methods, fibrinogen adsorption from a series of mixtures having the same weight ratio of fibrinogen to HK as in plasma (50:1), but varying in total concentration, was measured. Fibrinogen adsorption from the mixtures was reduced on all surfaces compared to the single-protein solution, confirming the highly surface-active nature of this protein. However, except for glass, there was no significant difference between the SCHK and TCHK forms. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting analysis of the proteins eluted from the surfaces after contact with the fibrinogen-SCHK solutions indicated that although intact SCHK was essentially conserved, some transformation of SCHK to TCHK on the surface occurred during the course of the experiment. It is hypothesized that in purified form, in which HK is not complexed to prekallikrein or factor XI, the surface-binding domain is more available than in the complexed forms which are present in plasma. If so, then the removal of bradykinin by kallikrein, as occurs in generating TCHK, may not be required for the expression of surface-binding domain activity.

Adsorption↗