Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SEER Program”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Estrogen receptor breast cancer phenotypes in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

BACKGROUND: Researchers question whether estrogen receptor alpha-negative (ERN) and -positive (ERP) represent different stages of one disease or different breast cancer types. OBJECTIVE: To further examine ERalpha phenotypes, we stratified incident tumor characteristics in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database (n = 82,488) by ERN and ERP. METHODS: Study variables included black-white race, age-at-diagnosis, and standard incident tumor characteristics. These characteristics were arbitrarily dichotomized into good versus poor prognostic factor groups, for example, good (tumor size < or = 2.0 cm, negative axillary lymph nodes, and good histologic grade) versus poor (tumor size > 2.0 cm, positive nodes, and poor grade). Age frequency density plots were generated from the corresponding age-at-diagnosis frequency histograms. Average annual age-specific incidence rates (or risks) were adjusted to the 1970 United States standard female population. RESULTS: Age frequency density plots demonstrated bimodal premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer populations. ERN was correlated with premenopausal disease, black race, and poor prognostic factor groups, whereas ERP was associated with postmenopausal disease, white race, and favorable tumor characteristics. ERN rates increased premenopausally and then flattened to a nearly constant level after 50 years of age. ERP risk rose for most of a woman's lifetime with the greatest risk occurring between 75 and 79 years. CONCLUSIONS: ERalpha exhibited bimodal age frequency distribution with a dichotomous pattern for age-specific rates, racial, and prognostic factor profiles. Menopause had a greater effect on ERN than ERP. Possible implications for breast carcinogenesis and cancer prevention are discussed in the text.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Racial/ethnic patterns of care for cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, sinuses, and salivary glands.

BACKGROUND: Among Americans, both incidence and mortality from cancers of the larynx, oral cavity, and pharynx are higher for African Americans than whites and for men than women. In addition, the 5-year survival rates for these sites are significantly lower for African Americans than whites for each disease stage, particularly among African American males. We examine racial/ethnic variation in tumor characteristics, treatment practices, and their relationship to survival for cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity and salivary glands. METHODS: Eligible individuals were age 20 or older and newly diagnosed with a primary invasive cancer of the oral cavity (excluding the lip), pharynx, larynx, sinuses or salivary glands in 1997 reported to one of nine National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Registries (SEER). Persons meeting the eligibility criteria for each registry were first stratified by race/ethnic group and stage then selected by random sampling within strata. RESULTS: We found racial/ethnic differences in diagnoses at specific anatomic sites, disease stage and treatment. African Americans less frequently received a cancer directed treatment than both whites and Hispanics and when treated were generally less likely to receive cancer-directed surgery. In multivariate analysis, the receipt of any cancer directed treatment was significantly associated with race and age group. African Americans and Hispanics had poorer, but not significantly so, overall, but not cancer-specific, survival. CONCLUSION: We found racial differences in the receipt of cancer treatment among patients diagnosed with selected head and neck cancers. We also found a less favorable distribution of stage for African Americans and Hispanics when compared with whites. The differences in stage we noted and the lower rates of oral cancer screening previously reported for these populations suggests that differential rates of early detection may contribute to racial differences in survival and mortality from cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx. Therefore, we conclude that more equitable receipt of cancer treatment along with preventive measures and earlier detection will help reduce racial/ethnic disparities in survival and mortality from cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Phenobarbital use and bladder cancer risk.

BACKGROUND: Two epidemiologic studies have reported an inverse association between use of phenobarbital (PB) and bladder cancer development. It was proposed that PB use protects against bladder cancer by inducing enzymes that participate in the detoxification of human bladder carcinogens, such as the aminobiphenyls and naphthylamines, which are found in cigarette smoke. METHODS: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Los Angeles, California, involving 815 incident bladder cancer cases and an equal number of controls who were matched to the index cases by neighborhood, sex, date of birth (within 5 years), and race. Detailed information on lifetime use of PB was collected through in-person interviews. RESULTS: Ever use (20 or more times over lifetime) of PB was not associated with risk of bladder cancer (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.54, 1.39). Regular use of PB also was not associated with risk of bladder cancer in either men or women, in either smokers or non-smokers, although the number of regular users in cases and controls were relatively small (21 cases vs. 15 controls, OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.59, 2.45). In fact, compared with non-users, subjects in the highest category of lifetime PB consumption were at a non-significant 2.46-fold increased risk of bladder cancer (95% CI: 0.90, 6.78). CONCLUSIONS: The present study did not observe a protective role of PB use in bladder cancer development in the general population.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2004

Is male breast cancer similar or different than female breast cancer?

OBJECTIVE: To determine if male breast carcinogenesis was similar to its more common female counterpart, we compared incidence patterns among men and women with breast cancer. METHODS: Breast cancer records were obtained from the SEER database. Women were stratified by age < 50 and > or = 50 years to simulate premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer. RESULTS: Age-adjusted incidence trends were stable among men but increased among women. Male to female breast cancer ratio was higher for blacks than for whites. Favorable prognostic factors reflective of tumor biology (nuclear grade and hormone receptor expression) were more common for men and postmenopausal women than for premenopausal women. For example, low nuclear grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive expression were more common among men and postmenopausal women than among premenopausal women. The age-specific incidence rate curve for men increased steadily for all ages with a constant slope. On the other hand, age-specific rates for women increased rapidly until age 50 years then rose at a slower rate for postmenopausal women. Age-frequency distribution for male breast cancer was unimodal, with peak incidence at age 71 years. Age-frequency distribution for women was bimodal with early-onset and late-onset incidence at 52 and 71 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Gender-specific incidence trends differed, most likely reflective of female-related changes in surveillance and/or reproductive risk factors. On the other hand, similar prognostic factor profiles reflective of tumor biology, age-specific incidence rate patterns, and age-frequency distributions suggested that male breast cancer was more like postmenopausal than premenopausal female breast cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Chemotherapy of nonelderly breast cancer patients by poverty-rate of area of residence in Connecticut.

For 684 nonelderly Connecticut women diagnosed in 1999 with early-stage breast cancer, routinely reported information on chemotherapy in a population-based cancer registry was supplemented by questionnaires to their physicians. Receipt of or recommendation for chemotherapy was associated with younger age, larger tumor size and positive lymph-node status, but not with higher poverty-rate (upper quintile) of census tract of residence at diagnosis. Similar studies are needed in other geographical areas that differ in socioeconomic indicators.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Does folate intake decrease risk of postmenopausal breast cancer among women with a family history?

BACKGROUND: Several recent studies suggest that adequate dietary folate may attenuate the risk of breast cancer associated with intake of alcohol. We examined whether the putative benefit extends to women with a family history (FH) of breast cancer using a cohort of 33,552 postmenopausal women aged 55-69 years in 1986. METHOD: Folate and alcohol intake was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire completed at baseline. Folate was categorized as upper 50th, 31st-50th, 11th-30th, and <10th percentiles. Alcohol use was initially classified into three levels; never drinkers, less than the median and greater than the median. Subsequent models collapsed levels of intake to any versus none. Occurrence of breast cancer was determined through linkage to the Iowa SEER registry. Multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated through Cox proportional hazards regression, stratified on FH using non-drinkers with high folate and no FH as the referent group. RESULTS: Through 14 years, 1823 incident cases were identified, 308 among FH+ women. Among FH- women, low folate was not a risk factor among non-drinkers (RR = 0.96, CI = 0.73-1.26), but was among drinkers (RR = 1.40, CI = 1.05-1.86). Drinkers with high folate were not at elevated risk (RR = 1.03, CI = 0.89-1.19). Among FH+ women, low folate was a risk factor among drinkers (RR = 2.21, CI = 1.43-3.41) and non-drinkers (RR = 2.39, CI = 1.36-4.20). Further, drinkers with high folate remained at increased risk (RR = 1.67, CI= 1.30-2.14). However, FH+ women with high folate who did not drink alcohol had no elevated risk. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that folate may attenuate the risks of postmenopausal breast cancer associated with family history, but only if alcohol use is avoided or minimized.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

The sensitivity of Medicare data for identifying incident cases of invasive melanoma (United States).

BACKGROUND: The completeness of Medicare claims for identifying patients with melanoma for purposes of conducting population-based studies of melanoma is unknown. METHODS: Using a linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) tumor registry-Medicare database, the sensitivity of Medicare claims for identifying 5372 patients age > or =65 years diagnosed with invasive melanoma between 1992 and 1996 was determined. Sensitivity was calculated as the proportion of incident cases of melanoma reported by SEER that was also captured by Medicare claim diagnostic codes. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity of combined Part A and Part B Medicare for incident cases of melanoma was 90.1%. Part B Medicare and Part A Medicare alone had 89.5% and 16.5% sensitivity respectively. Sensitivity was lower for patients with unrecorded Breslow depth and for patients with unstaged or distant stage melanoma. CONCLUSIONS: Medicare Part B claims have a high sensitivity for detecting melanoma incidence; Medicare Part A has low sensitivity. This sharply contrasts with published studies of other cancers, for whom Part A rather than Part B Medicare captures the predominant portion of incident cases. Medicare Part B or combined Part A and Part B administrative data is a potentially valuable resource for population-based melanoma research in the elderly. Further research characterizing the specificity and predictive value of Medicare data is needed to assess the potential implications of false positive melanoma diagnostic codes.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Bias in completeness of birthplace data for Asian groups in a population-based cancer registry (United States).

Data on place of birth are routinely collected by population-based cancer registries in the United States and are used to study effects of immigration on cancer patterns in Asian migrants, who comprise about a quarter of the US immigrant population. However, the quality of this research, which has the potential for informing cancer etiology and control, is unclear because registry birthplace information is incomplete, and its accuracy has not been examined. We quantified misclassification of birthplace data for Asian cancer patients in the Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry in northern California by comparing registry birthplace information with self-reported birthplace from interview, and then identified sociodemographic and hospital characteristics associated with birthplace completeness and misclassification. Of the 1836 eligible Asian patients, 649 (35%) had unrecorded registry birthplace. For all except Vietnamese, these persons were less likely than those with recorded birthplace to be foreign-born (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.4-0.7), to be diagnosed in public than private hospitals (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5-0.8) and in teaching than non-teaching hospitals (OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.6-1.1), and were more likely to have been diagnosed at a large regional health maintenance organization (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.3-2.2) and after 1995 (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.1). Among Asians with registry birthplace information (n = 1187), sensitivity and predictive value positive for birthplace exceeded 90% for both US- and foreign-born, except for Japanese (predictive value positive = 85.7%). Among US-born Asians, those misclassified as foreign-born were more likely than those correctly classified to prefer a non-English primary language (OR = 29.4, 95% CI = 1.9-459.9). These results suggest that cancer registry birthplace data for Asians should not be used if they continue to be differentially incomplete for a large proportion of the subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Analyzing geographic patterns of disease incidence: rates of late-stage colorectal cancer in Iowa.

This study, using geocodes of the locations of residence of newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients from the Iowa Cancer Registry, computed continuous spatial patterns of late-stage rates of colorectal cancer in Iowa. Variations in rates in intrahospital service regions were as great as interhospital service regions, shown by analysis of variance tests. Some of the spatial variations observed could be explained, using a general linear regression model on individual-level data, by spatial variations in attributes of individuals and their relationships to health resources. We show how this source of variation can be removed from the original map leaving a new map showing the remaining variation in late-stage rate not explained by these relationships. We argue that it would be more appropriate to organize prevention and control activities targeted at the areas with higher than expected late-stage rates shown on this map. The originality of this approach is in the integration of geocoded data from a cancer registry with methods of spatial analysis that provide considerable geographic detail in the cancer rate while controlling for rate stabilization and reliability due to the small number problem.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

Trends in oral cancer rates in the United States, 1973-1996.

OBJECTIVES: To explore changes in demographic distribution, incidence and survival rates of oral cancer in the United States from 1973 through 1996. METHODS: From the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data, we computed the proportion of oral cancer by demographic characteristics, site, and stage at diagnosis for 1973-84 and 1985-96. We estimated incidence and 5-year relative survival rates of oral cancer by age, gender, and race/ethnicity, and compared survival rates between the two periods. The estimated annual percent change (EAPC) was used to explore trends in incidence rate from 1973 through 1996. RESULTS: Most of the tongue and floor of mouth cancers (>54%) reported during 1973-84 and 1985-96 had spread to a distant site at time of diagnosis. The age-adjusted annual incidence rates of oral cancer decreased among white men from 1973 through 1996, but increased among black men aged 65-69 years, and among young white men (aged 30-34 years) and women (aged 25-29 years). These changes in trend were all statistically significant (testing EAPC=0 at the 0.05 level). Overall, there was no improvement in the 5-year relative survival rate of either whites or blacks with oral cancer. CONCLUSION: There was little change in early detection of oral cancer or in 5-year relative survival rates between 1973-84 and 1985-96 in nine SEER regions. This suggests a deficiency in professional and public education regarding early diagnosis of oral cancer. Furthermore, the increasing trend of oral cancer among older black men and among younger whites merits further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Increase in the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: evidence for a recent sharp increase in France independent of AIDS.

An increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has been reported in several areas of the world and often correlated with the occurrence of AIDS-related lymphomas. A registry specialised in haematopoietic malignancies enabled us to report detailed time trends in the incidence of NHL over the period 1980-89. There was an overall significant increase in incidence of + 10.9% per year (P < 0.001). Such a trend was observed both in men and in women (+ 11.2% and + 10.5%, respectively) and in all age groups. It was slightly more marked in the case of high-grade tumours than for low- or intermediate-grade tumours (+ 20.0%, + 12.6% and + 12.6% respectively) and in rural than in urban areas (+ 19.6% and + 8.1% respectively). In this series, only one case was associated with an HIV infection. These data indicate that, although a significant increase in NHL incidence related to the AIDS epidemic might be expected in the near future, there is an independent dramatic trend which started earlier than the AIDS problem and the causes of which should be investigated.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Sociodemographic factors associated with postprostatectomy radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: To determine if nonclinical factors affect the use of adjuvant radiation therapy after surgical resection of the prostate gland. METHODS: Using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) public use data files, we identified men with localized/regional prostate cancer who underwent postprostatectomy radiotherapy within 4 months of surgery. We used 2000 Census information to ascribe a median education and income level to these men based on the county of residence and ethnicity. RESULTS: Of 34,763 men who underwent surgical resection, 1549 received postprostatectomy radiotherapy. Those with higher tumor grade and from certain geographic regions (Seattle and Hawaii) had significantly higher rates of radiotherapy while being older and from other geographic regions (Detroit, Utah, and New Mexico) was protective. The use of additional radiation therapy was not affected by ethnicity, income level, or educational attainment. CONCLUSIONS: We found no socioeconomic or demographic disparities in the receipt of postprostatectomy radiotherapy. Geographic variation in postprostatectomy radiotherapy may be explained by limited evidence supporting its use in clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Lack of survival benefit of post-operative radiation therapy in prostate cancer patients with positive lymph nodes.

Randomized data from SWOG 8794 and EORTC 22911 confirm the benefit of post-operative radiation therapy (RT) for selected patients with pT3 prostate cancer (CaP) after radical prostatectomy (RP). However, data regarding the potential benefit of RT for patients post-RP with positive lymph node (+LN) involvement are limited. We analyzed the Surveillance Epidemiology End Results (SEER) registry for population-based data on efficacy of post-operative RT for +LN patients after RP. As LN data have only been captured by SEER since 1988, we analyzed data for 1988-1992, with specific attention to 10-year relative survival (defined as observed survival divided by the survival of a gender-, age- and race-matched population cohort without disease). Specifically analyzed were data for 1921 patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer who underwent surgery alone, or surgery followed by RT, and who had +LNs documented. SEER does not code the interval between surgery and RT, so the ratio of patients receiving salvage versus adjuvant therapy is unknown. Using follow-up data through 2002, post-diagnosis survival was examined by number of +LNs. There was no significant relative survival benefit for +LN patients receiving post-operative RT (chi(2)P=0.270). These data do not support routine use of post-operative RT for patients with +LNs in the surgical specimen.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2004

Geographic and patient variation in receipt of surveillance procedures after local excision of cutaneous melanoma.

Little is known about variation in surveillance practices following the diagnosis of invasive melanoma. The objective of this study was to characterize geographic, patient, and tumor variation in the use of follow-up surveillance testing in patients with local or regional stage melanoma. A cohort of Medicare beneficiaries > or =65 y diagnosed with invasive melanoma during 1992 to 1996 living in a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry area was studied. Outpatient and inpatient Medicare claims 3 mo following diagnosis were examined for up to 2 y for surveillance procedures of interest. Use of chest X-ray, chest computed tomography scan, abdominal and/or pelvic computed tomography scan, abdominal ultrasound, head computed tomography scan, head magnetic resonance imaging, laboratory testing, and skin examinations were compared between patient groups and geographic regions. A total of 3389 patients were identified for the analysis. Surveillance testing was relatively common, ranging from 13% for abdominal ultrasound to 80% for laboratory testing. Follow-up skin examinations were performed in 70% to 90% of patients. The use of most surveillance procedures was associated (p<0.01) with younger age, male gender, regional stage tumors, and geographical area, with up to 2-fold differences observed. In contrast, there was much less variability in the receipt of skin examinations. Further studies are needed to determine the etiology and impact of such disparities, and the influence of surveillance procedures on morbidity and mortality.

Aged↗