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At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Topical nitrogen mustard ointment with occlusion for Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the scalp.

BACKGROUND: Topical nitrogen mustard solution has been used as an effective alternative to corticosteroids for the treatment of cutaneous eruptions of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH). When used as an ointment under occlusion, nitrogen mustard may still be effective and possess less risk of unwanted side effects. METHODS: A patient with scalp LCH was treated topically with nitrogen mustard ointment 0.01% under occlusion. RESULTS: The lesions cleared in 3 weeks without irritation. CONCLUSION: Topical nitrogen mustard ointment 0.01% under occlusion is a well-tolerated, non-irritating treatment for scalp LCH.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2004

Co-isolation of Trichosporon inkin and Candida parapsilosis from a scalp white piedra case.

White piedra is a rare fungal infection of the hair shaft characterized by small, firm, irregular white-brown nodules. The infection is caused by basidiomycetous yeasts in the genus Trichosporon. We report a case of a 28-year-old female patient who acquired the infection in Qatar. In this case, the scalp was the only site affected, but infection at that site was extensive. The hair had a Saccharomyces-like yeast odor and appeared to be beaded, with light-brown nodules of varying sizes up to 2 mm long. Trichosporon sp. accompanied by Candida parapsilosis grew out along hair shafts planted in primary isolation media. Molecular identification of the Trichosporon carried out by analyzing the 26S ribosomal gene gave a 100% match with Trichosporon inkin, a major cause of pubic white piedra. The patient was treated with daily applications of ketoconazole shampoo followed by econazole shampoo and cream, and was considered clinically and mycologically cured after 2 months. Novel findings in the present case are the first identification of T. inkin as an agent of scalp white piedra, and the heavy outgrowth of C. parapsilosis from the concretions, although in the latter case it is not clear if the co-occurring yeast was etiologically contributory to the pathogenesis of the white piedra.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Nd:YAG laser for effective treatment of multiple cylindroma of the scalp.

The case presented illustrates the successful effect of the Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of multiple giant scalp tumours in a patient who would not accept surgical excisions. A 60-year-old woman with multiple cylindroma covering the whole scalp area was treated with a Nd:YAG laser in a cutting continuous mode. Postoperative healing by second intention within 3-4 weeks left limited superficial scars. No tendency to relapse was noted during a follow-up of 4 years.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
PubMed2006

Factors limiting the application of electrical impedance tomography for identification of regional conductivity changes using scalp electrodes during epileptic seizures in humans.

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has the potential to produce images during epileptic seizures. This might improve the accuracy of the localization of epileptic foci in patients undergoing presurgical assessment for curative neurosurgery. It has already been shown that impedance increases by up to 22% during induced epileptic seizures in animal models, using cortical or implanted electrodes in controlled experiments. The purpose of this study was to determine if reproducible raw impedance changes and EIT images could be collected during epileptic seizures in patients who were undergoing observation with video-electroencephalography (EEG) telemetry as part of evaluation prior to neurosurgery to resect the region of brain causing the epilepsy. A secondary purpose was to develop an objective method for processing and evaluating data, as seizures arose at unpredictable times from a noisy baseline. Four-terminal impedance measurements from 258 combinations were collected continuously using 32 EEG scalp electrodes in 22 seizure episodes from 7 patients during their presurgical assessment together with the standard EEG recordings. A reliable method for defining the pre-seizure baseline and recording impedance data and EIT images was developed, in which EIT and EEG could be acquired simultaneously after filtering of EIT artefact from the EEG signal. Fluctuations of several per cent over minutes were observed in the baseline between seizures. During seizures, boundary voltage changes diverged with a standard deviation of 1-54% from the baseline. No reproducible changes with the expected time course of some tens of seconds and magnitude of about 0.1% could be reliably measured. This demonstrates that it is feasible to acquire EIT images in parallel with standard EEG during presurgical assessment but, unfortunately, expected EIT changes on the scalp of about 0.1% are swamped by much larger movement and systematic artefact. Nevertheless, EIT has the unique potential to provide invaluable neuroimaging data for this purpose and may still become possible with improvements in electrode design and instrumentation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

An unusual case of Phormia regina myiasis of the scalp.

The authors report a case of Calliphorine myiasis in the scalp of a 64-year-old woman caused by the larvae of Phormia regina (Black Blowfly). There was extensive blackening of the scalp and necrosis of the soft tissues, which is unusual in Phormia regina myiasis.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Scalp-recorded P300 activity in patients following unilateral temporal lobectomy.

The bilateral distribution and overall amplitude of the P300 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) was studied in epileptic patients in whom the amygdala, hippocampal, and anterior temporal lobe areas of the brain had been resected unilaterally. Previous reports have suggested that a neural generator of the P300 elicited in the commonly used target detection ('Oddball') paradigm lies in these medial temporal areas. In an Oddball paradigm, there was no evidence of any left-right hemisphere asymmetry in the scalp distribution of the P300 that varied as a function of the side of surgery in either the left or right temporal lobectomy patients. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences in overall P300 amplitude or latency between the patients and controls. These data do not support the hypothesis that the primary generator of the scalp-recorded P300 in the Oddball paradigm lies in the hippocampus and amygdala.

Electrophysiology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The determination of mercury and selenium in maternal and neonatal scalp hair by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.

As part of a prospective study to evaluate maternal and neonatal scalp hair mineral profiles in normal and pathological pregnancy cases, the suitability of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was evaluated for the quantitation of mercury and selenium as part of a multi-element determination procedure. Treatment of hair samples included a closed-system microwave-assisted digestion in screw-capped PTFE vials of 10-mL capacity with concentrated nitric acid (2 mL) as the matrix solubilization medium. A digestion time of 10 min at 40% microwave power yielded limpid digestates, which, after appropriate dilution with deionized water to give a final acid concentration of 20% (v/v), were used for direct ICP-MS measurements within a rectilinear calibration range from 0 to 10 micrograms/L. Analytical recovery results for mercury ranged from 97 to 102%, whereas those for selenium ranged from 96 to 101%. Results from concurrent analyses of a human hair reference material showed a high degree of concordance with certified values. The results obtained suggest that the closed-system microwave-assisted digestion procedure described was effective in minimizing the risk of volatility-associated losses that can be encountered in the assays of both metals. The results also indicated that the ICP-MS system used in this study was suitable for including both metals as part of a multi-element quantitation procedure. Using this method, analytical results were obtained for mercury and selenium levels from 100 pairs of maternal and neonatal scalp hair samples collected at the postnatal ward of Hull Maternity Hospital, Hull, United Kingdom.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Scalp necrosis in giant cell arteritis and review of the literature.

A patient with giant cell arteritis (GCA) who developed scalp necrosis (SN) is described and 23 other cases in the English language literature are reviewed. SN is rare and occurs in older patients of mean age 77 yr. Thirteen patients presented to dermatologists. Nineteen (79%) had other serious complications of GCA: visual loss in 16, gangrene of the tongue in four and nasal septum necrosis in one. The mean interval between the onset of symptoms of GCA and SN was 3.0 months in the 19 cases which antedated corticosteroid therapy. SN resulted from active arteritis and no case was definitely linked to temporal artery biopsy. Scalp healing was complete or progressing satisfactorily in 18 cases (75%). SN is a potentially reversible complication of GCA and adequate corticosteroid therapy is mandatory. In the current case. SN related to inadequate dosage of prednisolone.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Adult onset folliculocentric langerhans cell histiocytosis confined to the scalp.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a pleomorphic disease entity characterized by local or disseminated atypical Langerhans cells found most commonly in bone, lungs, mucocutaneous structures, and endocrine organs. Cutaneous disease occurs in approximately one quarter of all cases. Cutaneous findings include soft-tissue swelling, eczematous changes, a seborrheic dermatitis-like appearance, and ulceration. We report a rare case of LCH confined to the scalp with folliculocentric infiltrates. This 32-year-old male patient presented with follicularly based erythema, scale, and pustules unresponsive to topicals and oral antibiotics. The patient's lesions mimicked lichen planopilaris and folliculitis decalvans during the disease process. On hematoxylin and eosin stain, scalp biopsy showed a perivascular interstitial patchy lichenoid mononuclear cell infiltrate that focally abutted follicular infundibula. Prominent mononuclear cells having reniform nuclei were present, and immunoperoxidase stains for CD1a confirmed Langerhans cell differentiation. Serological and imaging workup failed to display systemic involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Victim's scalp on the killer's head. An unusual case of criminal postmortem mutilation.

A case of unusual postmortem mutilation of a victim's body is presented. After killing his father, the son decapitated his body and dissected the scalp free, forming a mask of the father's head and neck. The young man wore the scalp-mask over his own head to imitate the father. The motive of the murder was revenge, and the postmortem mutilation was the realization of the perpetrator's fantasies, symbolically representing a penalty for the reprehensible past life of his father.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Cardiovascular responses to scalp infiltration with different concentrations of epinephrine with or without lidocaine during craniotomy.

Intraoperative blood pressure changes alter cerebral blood flow in neurosurgical patients with impaired autoregulation. Infiltration of the scalp before craniotomy may cause hemodynamic changes that depend on the composition of the solution used. We investigated cardiovascular responses to infiltration of the scalp with five different combinations of epinephrine and lidocaine in 112 patients: Group A, lidocaine 0.5%; Group B, lidocaine 0.5% with epinephrine 1:200,000; Group C, lidocaine 0.5% with epinephrine 1:100,000; Group D, normal saline with epinephrine 1:200,000; and Group E, normal saline with epinephrine 1:100,000. Episodes of tachycardia occurred more frequently in group E (P = 0.03). Plain lidocaine did not cause any significant change in blood pressure. The incidence of systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial hypertension was significantly increased in group E (P < 0.01). Episodes of diastolic hypertension occurred more frequently in Group D (P < 0.01). A biphasic diastolic and mean arterial hypotension (around Minute 2 and Minutes 9-15) occurred in Groups C and B (P < 0.001). In conclusion, epinephrine 1:100,000 causes significant tachycardia. Epinephrine in concentrations of 1:100,000 and 1:200,000 causes significant hypertension. The combination of lidocaine and epinephrine attenuates the hypertension but results in a biphasic hypotensive response.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Free scalp flap surgery.

This paper describes a new method of creating a natural anterior hairline using microsurgical free scalp flaps. This operative method is a one-stage procedure and the new hairline has normal hair density and natural hair direction. The donor flap is raised mainly from the parietooccipital portion of the scalp. The method can be applied not only to cicatricial alopecia, but to baldness as well.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Closure of large central forehed defect by coronal incision and bilateral forehead and posterior scalp advancement.

Forehead defects sometimes pose difficult reconstructive problems. Utilization of local tissue is especially desirable to preserve this facial unit. The authors present a technique of central forehead defect closure consisting of a coronal incision, elevation of the scalp and forehead at the subgaleal level, direct closure of the forehead, and advancement of the posterior scalp by galeal scoring. Advantages include limitation of the forehead scar and preservation of the existing blood supply to the forehead.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1984

Folded skin with lipomatous nevus in the forehead and scalp.

An 18-year old Japanese woman with folded skin in the forehead and scalp was found to have an underly Brachycephaly with peculiar hair lines, broad and sparse eyebrows, bilateral epicanthi, and decreased neck-shoulder angles were found, as well as reticular pigmentation of fingers and toes. Routine laboratory data and endocrine analyses were within normal limits. Combined longitudinal and coronal incisions in the forehead and scalp initially, followed by gull-wing incisions along the eyebrows, resulted in satisfactory improvement of the clinical appearance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Calvarial erosion after scalp expansion.

A case is described of tissue expansion of the scalp with resultant erosion of the outer table and diploe of the calvaria. This resorption may have resulted from a prolonged period of expansion, excessive tension from inflation, and/or the nature or location of the defect. In cases of scalp expansion where the loose areolar space has become obliterated, periodic limited computed tomographic scanning may be useful to monitor the integrity of the skull. Postexpansion protective headgear may be indicated in selected patients.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1988

Repeated tissue expansion in reconstruction of a huge combined scalp-forehead avulsion injury.

A 29-year-old woman sustained a severe combined forehead-scalp avulsion injury (20 X 17 cm) in an automobile accident 4 years ago. The skull was covered with split skin-grafts. The defect was successfully removed by the use of simultaneous and repeated tissue expansion of the normal occipital area and the remains of the forehead. The case illustrates the possibility of using large expander volumes (1,700 cc) in the head area and the fact that even narrow skin bridges (2.0 cm above the left eyebrow) can be expanded. The expander shape can be chosen to create a desired flap size and form. Finally, hair thickness and growth can be quite acceptable even after huge expansions of the scalp.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Angiosarcoma of the face and scalp.

Angiosarcomas of the face and scalp are aggressive, malignant neoplasms that are associated with a poor prognosis. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy alone have failed to give satisfactory results in the treatment of this disease, so surgery continues to play the major role in its management. In this article we report on 3 patients with angiosarcoma of the face and scalp recently seen in our institution. The clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and prognosis are extensively reviewed from the recent literature. We conclude with a discussion of treatment options in the management of this disease, with emphasis on surgical management.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Scalp flap rotation with primary donor site closure.

A 57-year-old man with a 7-cm defect of the left temple underwent reconstruction with a large scalp rotation flap that shifted the donor defect to the back of the neck so that it could be closed primarily. This approach, also used successfully in 7 other patients with similar defects, avoided the need for an unsightly skin graft in the donor site while providing tissue with a color and texture that blended well with the surrounding forehead and facial skin. Primary closure of the donor site reduces scalp flap morbidity and improves the overall aesthetic outcome.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗