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PubMed2001

Accidents and resulting injuries in premobile infants: data from the ALSPAC study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Little is known about injuries resulting from accidents in premobile infants. We aimed to describe the pattern of minor accidents in infants and their resulting injuries. METHODS: The ALSPAC study collected data in successive postal questionnaires. At 6 months of age, parents were asked to describe any accident since birth. The type of fall, distance fallen, resulting injury, and help sought were independently coded. Burns were similarly coded. RESULTS: A total of 11 466 responses were available. In 2554 children, 3357 falls were reported; 53% fell from beds or settees and 12% fell from arms or while being carried. Only 14% reported visible injury, of which 56% were bruises; 97% of injuries specified involved the head. Only 21 falls (<1%) resulted in concussion or fracture. A burn or scald occurred in 172 cases (1.5%). The main causes of scalds were hot drinks and water, with contact burns caused by radiators, cookers, and hot food. CONCLUSIONS: Falls in young infants are common while burns are rare. Injuries from falls are infrequent, predominantly trivial, and almost entirely confined to the head. Falls from beds and settees did not result in skull fractures. Serious injury was the result of complex accidents.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1981

Efficacy of a new oxytetracycline aerosol against foot rot in sheep.

A test was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a new oxytetracycline aerosol in the treatment of foot rot in sheep. Of 186 sheep, 66 were treated with the test preparation, 61 were treated with an existing oxytetracycline aerosol and 50 acted as unmedicated controls. All affected feet in the three groups were first paired and then, for the two treatment groups, a single application of antibiotic aerosol was given. There was little difference in response between the two treated groups, but the improvement in both these groups was significantly greater than in the control group. The test was also applied to 60 cases of scald. One application of either the test product or its comparable antibiotic aerosol was effective in the treatment of scald.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2003

I kappa B overexpression in cardiomyocytes prevents NF-kappa B translocation and provides cardioprotection in trauma.

This study examined the effects of either IkappaBalpha overexpression (transgenic mice) or N-acetyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-norleucinal (ALLN) administration (proteosome inhibitor in wild-type mice) on cardiomyocyte secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and on cardiac performance after burn trauma. Transgenic mice were divided into four experimental groups. IkappaBalpha overexpressing mice were given a third-degree scald burn over 40% of the total body surface area or wild-type littermates were given either a scald or sham burn to provide appropriate controls. Pharmacological studies included ALLN (20 mg/kg) administration in either burned wild-type mice or wild-type shams. Burn trauma in wild-type mice promoted nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) nuclear translocation, cardiomyocyte secretion of TNF-alpha, and impaired cardiac performance. IkappaBalpha overexpression or ALLN treatment of burn trauma prevented NF-kappaB activation in cardiac tissue, prevented cardiomyocyte secretion of TNF-alpha, and ablated burn-mediated cardiac contractile dysfunction. These data suggest that NF-kappaB activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion play a significant role in postburn myocardial abnormalities.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Group meetings for parents in a children's burns unit.

Thermal injuries in childhood occur mainly in the first three years of life and often lead to hospital admission: most are due to scalds in the home. The distress and anxiety of parents bears on the management of the young sick child in hospital, on his subsequent recovery at home and on the welfare of the whole family. To help parents, a weekly meeting was held with a small group of staff in the Burns Unit at which there was free and open discussion of all problems and worries connected with the child's accident. This paper describes the working of the group and the contribution it made to the care of 149 children admitted with burns and scalds during one year.

Burn Units↗
PubMed1983

Polysaccharides in fungi. XIV. Anti-inflammatory effect of the polysaccharides from the fruit bodies of several fungi.

Anti-inflammatory assays on the carrageenin-induced edema and scald-induced hyperalgesia in the hindpaw of rats were studied on polysaccharides obtained from the fruit bodies of various fungi (polysaccharide AC, BC: Tremella fuciformis;MEA, MHA, MCW-A, MCW-N: Auricularia auricula-judae; T-2-HN: Dictophora indusiata;G-A: Ganoderma japonicum). The purified polysaccharides MHA, MCW-A, G-A and T-2-HN exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on carrageenin edema. Among these polysaccharides, T-2-HN (partially O-acetylated alpha-D-mannan) also showed the marked inhibitory effect on scald hyperalgesia. We have found that T-2-HN has more potent anti-inflammatory activity than phenylbutazone in the above two inflammatory models. Since the purified polysaccharide is free from protein and lipid, it is clear that anti-inflammatory effect arises from the polysaccharide itself. The polysaccharides (T-2-HN, locust bean gun, xanthan gum) had little effect on the metabolism of arachidonic acid in canine platelets. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of the polysaccharide remains obscure.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Structure-activity relationships of the thienothiazine derivatives with their antiinflammatory, analgesic and ulcerogenic effects and their inhibitory effects on PGE2 biosynthesis].

A new series of thienothiazine derivatives were evaluated as a means of clarifying whether the changed chemical structure would have a different effect on carrageenin edema, scalded hyperalgesia and ulcerogenicity in rats and also have a different effect on PGE2 biosynthesis in vitro. The introduction of a Cl or CF3 group, but not an OH group, into position 6 of the thiophene ring resulted in an apparent increase in antiinflammatory and analgesic activity. A derivative with an OH or ester substituent in position 4 of the thiazine ring had a high pharmacological potential, but the introduction of other substituents such as ether and amide led to a significant loss in the activity. The pharmacological potential of two 5-hydroxy-2-aminopyridyl derivatives was less than what was achieved with various 2-aminopyridyl derivatives. Good correlations were observed between the lessening of the carrageenin edema and scalded hyperalgesia and inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis. There was no statistically significant correlation between the ulcerogenicity and anti-inflammation or the ulcerogenicity and analgesia. As to the safety, tenoxicam, IIIc and IIIh showed relatively higher indices than those of others; and especially, tenoxicam was found to be a potent antiinflammatory drug with the highest safety index.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1991

Advances in pharmacological studies of silymarin.

Silymarin is the flavonoids extracted from the seeds of Silybum marianum (L) Gearth as a mixture of three structural isomers: silybin, silydianin and silychristin, the former being the most active component. Silymarin protects liver cell membrane against hepatotoxic agents and improves liver function in experimental animals and humans. It is generally accepted that silymarin exerts a membrane-stabilizing action preventing or inhibiting membrane peroxidation. The experiments with soybean lipoxygenase showed that the three components of silymarin brought about a concentration-dependent non-competitive inhibition of the lipoxygenase. The experiments also showed an analogous interaction with animal lipoxygenase, thus showing that an inhibition of the peroxidation of the fatty acid in vivo was self-evident. Silybin almost completely suppressed the formation of PG at the highest concentration (0.3 mM) and proved to be an inhibitor of PG synthesis in vitro. In our experiments, silybin at lower dose (65 mg/kg) decreased liver lipoperoxide content and microsomal lipoperoxidation to 84.6% and 68.55% of those of the scalded control rats respectively, and prevented the decrease of liver microsomal cytochrome p-450 content and p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase activity 24 h post-scalding. Effects of silymarin on cardiovascular system have been studied in this university since 1980. P. O silymarin 800 mg/kg/d or silybin 600 mg/kg/d reduced plasma total cholesterol, LDL-C and VLDL-C. They however, enhanced HDL-C in hyperlipemic rats. Further studies showed that silymarin enhanced HDL-C but didn't affect HDL-C, a property of this component which is beneficial to treatment of atherosclerosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Infections in diabetic burn patients.

OBJECTIVE: Diabetic burn patients comprise a significant population in burn centers. The purpose of the study was to determine the demographic characteristics of diabetic burn patients and their rate of community-acquired and nosocomial infections. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a 46-month retrospective chart and patient registry review comparing diabetic with nondiabetic burn patients. Statistical analysis consisted of means +/- SD, descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and chi(2) tests. RESULTS: Of 1,063 adult burn patients (aged 15-54 years), 68 (6%) diabetic burns were compared with burns of 995 adult nondiabetic patients. Of 193, 62 (32%) senior (>/=55 years of age) diabetic burns were compared with 131 nondiabetic senior burns. The major mechanism of injury for the diabetic patients was scalding and contact, in contrast to that of nondiabetic patients who were injured mainly by scalding or flame burns. Adult diabetic patients had a significantly increased frequency of foot burns compared with adult nondiabetic patients (32 of 68 [68%] versus 144 of 995 [14%], P = 0.001). Adult diabetic burns had a significant increase in sepsis (P < 0.002) and community-acquired burn wound cellulitis (P < 0.001) compared with adult nondiabetic patients; and senior diabetic patients had a significantly increased frequency of urinary tract infections compared with senior nondiabetic burn patients (P < 0.04). The most common organisms in diabetic burn infections were Streptococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Candida species, and MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Forty-two percent of the diabetic patients were admitted during the winter months and 25% in the spring. Only 49 of 130 (38%) diabetic burn patients presented for treatment within 48 h after injury compared with 669 of 1,126 (62%) nondiabetic patients (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral neuropathy may have precipitated and delayed medical treatment in lower-extremity burns of diabetic patients. Hospitalized diabetic burn patients were also at an increased risk for nosocomial infections, which prolonged hospitalization. Diabetic patient education must include not only caution about potential burn mishaps but also educate concerning the complications from burns that may ensue.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Effect of Boschniakia rossica on expression of GST-P, p53 and p21(ras)proteins in early stage of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis and its anti-inflammatory activities in rats.

AIM:To investigate the effect of Boschniakia rossica (BR) extract on expression of GST-P, p53 and p21(ras) proteins in early stage of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and its anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS:The expression of tumor marker-placental form glutathione S-transferase (GST-P), p53 and p21(ras) proteins were investigated by immunohisto-chemical techniques and ABC method. Anti-inflammatory activities of BR were studied by xylene and croton oil-induced mouse ear edema, carrageenin, histamine and hot scald-induced rat pow edema, adjuvant-induced rat arthritis and cotton pellet induced mouse granuloma formation methods.RESULTS:The 500mg/kg of BR-H2O extract frac-tionated from BR-Methanol extract had inhibitory effect on the formation of DEN-induced GST-P-positive foci in rat liver (GST-P staining was 78% positive in DEN+AAF group vs 20% positive in DEN+AAF+BR group, P<0.05) and the expression of mutant p53 and p21(ras) protein was lower than that of hepatic preneoplastic lesions (33% and 22% positive respectively in DEN+AAF group vs negative in DEN+AAF+BR group). Both CH(2)Cl(2) and H(2)O extracts from BR had anti-inflamatory effect in xylene and crotonoil induced mouse ear edema (inhibitory rates were 26%-29% and 35%-59%, respectively). BR H(2)O extract exhibited inhibitory effect in carrageenin, histamine and hot scald-induced hind paw edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in mice.CONCLUSION:BR extract exhibited inhibitory effect on formation of preneoplastic hepatic foci in early stage of rat chemical hepato-carcinogenesis.Both CH(2)Cl(2) and H(2)O extracts from BR exerted anti-inflammatory effect in rats and mice.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Preventive effect of glutamine on intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by severe trauma.

AIM: To investigate the mechanism underlying intestinal barrier function damage after severe trauma and the therapeutic effect of glutamine. METHODS: Burned patients, and animal models of severe trauma replicated by hemorrhagic shock combined with endotoxin infusion and burn injury, were included in a serial experiment. Effects of oral glutamine on intestinal barrier function were observed in scalded rats. Parameters measured in these experiments were as follows: plasma levels of diamine oxidase (DAO), tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha), endotoxin (LPS), and lactate as well as D-lactate by biochemical methods, lactose/mannitol (L/M) ratio in urine by SP-3400, and pathological examination of intestinal mucosa under light microscopy. RESULTS: Plasma DAO activity was significantly increased after injury. There was a negative correlation between plasma DAO and intestinal mucosal DAO or pHi (r=-0.93, plasma 0.80+/-0.93,2.83+/-1.71, 1.14+/-0.64,2.36+/-2.06 and 2.49+/-1.67 vs intestinal 0.52+/-0.12,0.34+/-0.03,0.45+/-0.18,0.37+/-0.26 and 0.41+/-0.07 r=-0.533, plasma 0.87+/-0.75, 1.89+/-1.13,1.21+/-0.23,3.03+/-2.61 and 4.70+/-1.22 vs pHi 7.03+/-0.05,7.05+/-0.06,7.14+/-0.096, 7.20+/-0.08 and 7.05+/-0.07 P<0.01-0.05). Positive correlations were found between DAO activity and plasma TNFalpha, LPS, lactate, L/M and D-lactate (r=0.817, 0.842, 0.872, and 0.951 plasma DAO 0.87+/-0.75,1.89+/-1.13,1.21+/-0.23,3.03+/-2.61 and 4.70+/-1.22 vs TNF 0.08+/-0.02,0.03+/-0.25, 0.17+/-0.09,0.34+/-0.15 and 0.33+/-0.18 vs LPS 0.14+/-0.03,0.16+/-0.04,0.21+/-0.02,0.18+/-0.16 and 0.37+/-0.10 vs lactate 9.03+/-2.19,18.30+/-2.56, 9.81+/-2.83,12.01+/-6.83,12.01+/-6.84 and 43.61+/-11.27 vs L/M 0.03+/-0.01,0.41+/-0.27,0.62+/-0.20, 1.70+/-0.60 r=0.774, plasma DAO 1.25+/-0.41 2.17+/-0.71 2.29+/-0.87 1.23+/-0.55 and 1.11+/-0.47 vs D-lactate 8.37+/-2.48,18.25+/-6.18, 13.96+/-4.94,8.93+/-3.00 and 12.39+/-4.94 all P<0.01), respectively. Damage of intestinal mucosa was found by pathological examination. Intestinal barrier function was improved to a certain extent by oral glutamine in scalded rats. CONCLUSION: Intestinal barrier function was damaged in the early stage after trauma. Plasma DAO activity, D-lactate content, intestinal pHi and urine L/M may be sensitive markers of intestinal mechanical injury, and glutamine may protect against intestinal barrier dysfunction after severe trauma.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pattern of paediatric burn injuries in Southwestern, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Burn injuries constitute a major concern in the paediatric age group with respect to morbidity and mortality particularly among children in developing countries. Burn injuries represent an extremely stressful experience for both the burn victims as well as their families. OBJECTIVES: To identify the pattern and demographic aspects of paediatric burn injuries (BI) at the Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to analyze morbidity and mortality as such information has not been reported from our locality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All the 380 patients children aged <1 to 12 with BI admitted to the Burns Unit over six year period (January 1997--December 2002) of the Aseer Central Hospital Saudi Arabia. A special proforma was designed and the information entered included age, sex, residence, level of education, place and time of BI, brief description of the event, agent, and site(s) affected, total surface area burnt (TSAB), degree, depth, severity, date of admission and discharge. RESULTS: Out of 380 patients in this study, 191 (50.3%) were boys and 189 (49.7%) were girls (M:F = 1.01:1). There was no statistical difference in the gender distribution (p=0.4). Saudi and non-Saudi patients constituted 362 (95.3%) and 18 (4.7%). Ninety (24%) were aged one year or below, 204 (54 %) included children older than one year but not older five years of age and 86 (22 %) were above five years of age but not older than 12 years. Whereas 64% of BI are due to scald, 27.6% were due to flame, 5 % were due to electrical while 1.8 % were due to chemical injury. CONCLUSION: The majority of BI occur in children aged five years and below and most of these injuries occurred at home. Scald injuries predominated and length of hospital stay correlated well to the extent of burned body surface area.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1998

Motile aeromonads in the feces and carcasses of broiler chickens in turkey.

Motile Aeromonas spp. were surveyed in chicken feces, carcasses, scalding water, and chilling water during slaughtering in a commercial processing plant in Turkey. Fecal and carcass samples of 351 chickens from 15 different flocks were examined by selective isolation techniques. All of the 15 flocks were positive for motile aeromonads. Motile aeromonads were detected in 14.8%, 90.5%, and 100% of fecal, carcass, and chilling water samples, respectively, while scalding water samples were negative for these organisms. Aeromonas hydrophila was the predominant species in both feces (51.9%) and carcass (66.9%) samples, followed by A. caviae and A. sobria. These results suggested that during the slaughtering process the spread of motile aeromonads from the intestinal contents to carcasses via processing water caused a heavy contamination of chicken carcasses.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2000

Microbial contamination of carcasses and equipment from an Iberian pig slaughterhouse.

The microbial contamination of carcasses and equipment has been studied in an industrial slaughterhouse of Iberian pigs. Samples of the surface of carcasses were taken at different stages of the process and aerobic plate count at 37 degrees C (APC), Enterobacteriaceae-count (E-count) and Escherichia coli-count (EC-count) were determined. It was demonstrated that in scalding and singeing the APC decreased (P < 0.01), while in the dehairing it increased (P < 0.01). The E-count and EC-count decreased in the scalding but increased in the evisceration (P < 0.001). The implementation of good manufacturing practices (GMP) in the stages of closure of the anus and evisceration significantly decreased the EC-count. It changed from 61.1% in carcasses without GMP that had counts higher than 1 log CFU/cm2 to only 7.4% in GMP carcasses. A final wash of the carcasses with potable water at high pressure (the only decontaminating treatment permitted in the European Union) was tested and failed to decrease the counts. It was also demonstrated that cleaning and disinfection of the dehairing and scraping machines is not effective.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2003

A rapid most-probable-number-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection and enumeration of Salmonella Typhimurium in poultry wastewater.

The rapid and accurate detection and enumeration of low levels of Salmonella Typhimurium in food processing facilities are critical components of an effective hazard analysis critical control point program. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid (8 h) most probable number (MPN)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection and enumeration of Salmonella Typhimurium in wastewater. The specific objectives were to (i) characterize poly- and monoclonal Salmonella Typhimurium-specific antibodies in order to select the most specific and sensitive antibody for Salmonella Typhimurium detection, and (ii) validate the MPN assay through a correlation between the 8-h MPN-ELISA and the traditional 48-h Salmonella Typhimurium MPN method in poultry scald water. Poultry scald water samples were spiked with 10 and 50 CFU/ml of Salmonella Typhimurium. The traditional MPN method used a 48-h enrichment period followed by an analysis, while the MPN-ELISA used a 5-h enrichment period followed by a 3-h ELISA analysis. No differences (P < 0.05) were found between the traditional MPN and the MPN-ELISA, indicating the promise of the MPN-ELISA for the rapid detection and enumeration of Salmonella Typhimurium within an 8-h shift. This abbreviated assay will permit increased product sampling and more rapid movement of food between production and processing, resulting in reduced spoilage and quality losses.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Early inflammatory cytokine and acute phase protein response under the stress of thermal injury in rats.

The acute inflammatory response associated with thermal injury was examined in rats. The appearance of mediators of inflammation in the systemic circulation, including cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and acute phase proteins were assessed during initial 72 h following thermal injury. Increased levels of activity were noted for all three cytokines, but with a different time-course. While serum IL-1 activity was elevated throughout the 3-day period of observation, the levels of serum TNF activity were enhanced after 12 h and on days 1 and 3 following scalding injury. The values of IL-6 were already increased one hour after thermal injury and increased progressively up to day 1 following scalding. Alpha2-macroglobulin and haptoglobin levels were increased 12 h after thermal injury, rising further on days 1 and 3. Positive correlation was found between the time-course of increased serum IL-6 activity and alpha2-macroglobulin, as well as between TNF and haptoglobin in the serum.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed2000

Dose-dependent effect of ethanol on hepatic oxidative stress and interleukin-6 production after burn injury in the mouse.

BACKGROUND: Burned patients with detectable blood alcohol levels (BAL) show an elevated mortality rate. Interleukin (IL)-6 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is stimulated independently by alcohol and burn injury. The aim of the study was to determine whether increasing levels of alcohol differentially enhance the hepatic production of IL-6 and ROS after burn in a murine model of dorsal scald injury. Groups of mice received either saline or alcohol intraperitoneally to reach a BAL of 100 mg/dl or 300 mg/dl at the time of burn (15% total body surface scald) or sham injury. RESULTS: Burn injury alone resulted in a low mortality rate at 24 hr after injury as did the burn group with a BAL of 100 mg/dl (15%), whereas 57% of the mice burned with a BAL of 300 mg/dl did not survive (p = 0.02). Twenty-four hours after burn or sham injury, IL-6 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum and liver. In the saline-treated group, IL-6 circulating and hepatic levels rose after burn injury (p < 0.03). Circulating IL-6 levels in sham mice increased 1.5-fold in the group with a BAL of 100 mg/dl and 3-fold in those with a BAL of 300 mg/ml (p = 0.005 versus burn-injured, saline-treated). IL-6 hepatic production after burn injury was higher in the mice with a BAL of 300 mg/dl than in those with a BAL of 100 mg/dl and the saline-treated group (p = 0.001). Among the burned mice, alcohol exposure increased hepatic ROS production, measured by lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol enhances in a dose-dependent manner the hepatic production of IL-6 induced by burn injury through the modulation of oxidative stress. The increased mortality rate of mice exposed to alcohol and burn injury may be due to the adverse effect on immune function induced by IL-6 elevation.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[The time course and tissue distribution of endotoxin in rats after thermal injury].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the time course and tissue distribution of endotoxin, and to evaluate the potential role of local endotoxin in mediating multiple organ damage following burns. METHODS: Wistar rats were subjected to a 35 percent full-thickness scald injury. They were grouped according to time of sacrifice: no burn, and 12, 24, 48, 72 hours postburn. Tissue specimens from liver, kidneys, lungs and intestine were aseptically harvested to determine tissue endotoxin levels. In addition, blood samples were obtained for measurement of organ function parameters. RESULTS: It was found that endotoxin levels in liver, spleen and lungs increased markedly after thermal injury, with the highest level in liver. Meanwhile, serum GPT, GOT, CK-MB levels, and pulmonary myeloperoxidase(MPO) activities markedly elevated after scald injury, reaching a maximum between 12 and 24 hours. Intestinal diamine oxidase(DAO) activities tended to decrease at various time points postburn. In addition, there were highly positive correlations between pulmonary endotoxin levels and MPO activities, and also between renal endotoxin levels and serum Cr values. CONCLUSION: Burn injury per se can result in gut-derived endotoxin translocation which is mainly distributed to the liver, spleen and lungs. Endotoxin accumulated in local sites may play an important role in mediating multiple organ damage secondary to major burns.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Intravenous treatment with quamatel in reflux-esophagus and erosive gastritis].

Organism's good tolerance toward Ranitidin and Famotidin makes possible an application of doses higher than the ones put into everyday practice. This is a very favorable circumstance considering the fact that according to some authors the decreasing of acidity in oesophagus apparently depends on the applied dose of the medicine. Thus the treatment with famotidin 2 x 40 mg allows an additional decreasing of acidity in lower oesophagus. We investigate the effect of intravenous application of famotidin (quamatel) in dose 2 x 20 mg and 2 x 40 mg as monotherapy in cases of reflux-oesophagitis and erosive gastritis as well as organism's tolerance toward it. There are 23 patients studied--17 men and 6 women, between 18 and 70 years old. The diagnoses are: reflux-oesophagitis--23, chronic erosive gastritis and reflux-oesophagitis--8. The patients are selected according to clinical criteria--scalding and/or pain in the oesophagus accompanied with acidity in the mouth cavity. The diagnoses are put gastoscopically. The results of the intravenous applying of quamatel are accounted in reference to the clinical complaints (scalding and/or pain in the oesophagus, acidity in mouth cavity) as well as to the endoscopic and histologic changes in the oesophagus and stomach mucosa. In patients with chronic erosive oesophagitis the efficiency of treatment was confirmed with complete epithelization of the erosions in 22 of 23. The short-period use of large doses 2 x 40 mg quickly improves the clinic symptoms and decreases the period of epithelization twice. The clinic experience shows that the intravenous form of quamatel remains the most effective in cases of short-term and intensive therapy of erosive gastritis with accomplicated hard and emergency clinical cases when the aim is to be avoided the peroral application of anti-ulcer means. An important advantage of the intravenous treatment with quamatel is its low price.

Adolescent↗